경남 방언 영어학습자들의 영어 고모음 인지 연구

이동명,임수현 동아대학교 석당학술원 2014 石堂論叢 Vol.0 No.58

The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception (mapping) of English high vowels /i, I, u, U/ of Korean EFL learners. The experiment subjects were 35 male middle school students who were born and have lived in South Kyungsang Korea. English high vowels are easy to be confused by Korean English learners thus these vowels were chosen as English target vowels for the current perception study. This study investigated how the subjects perceive these English high vowels and match them to what Korean vowels by carrying out the perception experiment. In addition, the current study implemented the test to look into the Korean subjects' perception concerning the degree of similarity between Korean and English high vowels which they listened to. The results are as follows. First, the English high front tense vowel /i/ is perceived as Korean vowel /이/ in 97.1% which is the highest mapping rate. The English high back lax vowel /U/ is perceived as Korean vowel /우/ in 42.5% which is the lowest mapping rate of this experiment. Second, in the case of the degree of similarity between English and Korean vowels, most South Kyungsang Korean subjects marked number 3 or 4 out of 1 (same as Korean) to 7 (totally different from Korean) Likert Scale. Thus, the subjects seemed to recognize only some degree of similarity between two different vowel systems. This study shows that South Kyungsang Korean middle school English learners have perceived and corresponded English high tense vowels better than English high lax vowels. That is, Korean vowel system does not distinguish tenseness and laxness distinctively, but the South Kyungsang Korean subjects mostly perceived English high tense vowels as Korean high tense vowels (97.1%) and they think the English vowels are somewhat similar to Korean vowels (3∼4 out of 7) even though they do not think Korean and English vowels are exactly the same. Therefore, South Kyungsang Korean English learners seem to perceive and match the English high tense vowels more easily than the lax vowels in the case of perception of English vowels and their mapping to Korean vowel system. This implies that South Kyungsang Korean EFL learners need to understand more accurately the vowel system of a target language when they learn the language. From the results of the present study, it does not seem to need a separate pronunciation education system for South Kyungsang Korean English learners. However, South Kyungsang Korean English learners need to be educated the difference between their native language (L1) and a second language (L2). Especially, it seems that South Kyungsang Korean English learners need a focused and intensive education for the acquisition of English lax vowels. 본 연구의 목적은 한국인 영어 학습자, 특히 경남 방언 영어 학습자들의 영어 고모음 /i, I, u, U/에 대한 인지 및 대응(mapping)을 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 경상남도에 거주하는 35명의 남자 중학생들을 대상으로 한국인 영어 학습자들이 혼돈하기 쉬운 영어 고모음을 실험 모음으로 선정하여 인지 실험을 실시하였다. 본 논문의 인지 실험에서는 피실험자들이 영어 고모음들을 한국어의 어떤 모음으로 인지하여 대응시키는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 또한, 본 실험을 통하여 피실험자들이 영어의 고모음들을 한국어 모음들과 어느 정도 유사하다고 생각하는지에 관해서도 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서 실시한 인지 실험에 의하여 도출된 결과를 전체적으로 살펴보면 전설 긴장 고모음(high front tense vowel) /i/에 대한 한국어 모음 /이/의 대응률이 97.2%로 가장 높았고, 후설 이완 고모음(high back lax vowel) /U/에 대한 한국어 모음 /우/의 대응률이 42.5%로 가장 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 영어 모음과 한국어 모음의 유사도 부분에서는 대부분의 문항에서 3∼4 정도의 유사도(Likert 7점 Scale 사용)가 나온 것으로 보아서 한국어(경남 방언 화자) 피실험자들은 영어 모음 소리와 한국어 모음 소리 간에 중간 정도의 유사성이 있는 것으로 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통하여 경남방언을 구사하는 중학생 영어 학습자들은 영어의 긴장 모음을 영어의 이완 모음보다 더 잘 인지하여 대응시켰음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과가 도출된 이유는 한국어 모음체계가 긴장성(tenseness)과 이완성(laxness)이라는 특징으로 명확히 구분되어 있지는 않지만, 한국어 모음들이 영어의 긴장 모음에 더 가깝기 때문일 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 한국인 영어 학습자들은 영어 모음체계의 인지 및 대응에서도 영어의 이완 모음보다는 긴장 모음을 더 잘 인지하여 이를 한국어 모음에 대응시킨 것으로 생각된다.

경남 방언 영어학습자들의 영어 고모음 인지 연구

이동명 ( Dong Myung Lee ),임수현 ( Su Hyeon Im ) 東亞大學校附設 石堂傳統文化硏究院 2014 石堂論叢 Vol.0 No.58

본 연구의 목적은 한국인 영어 학습자, 특히 경남 방언 영어 학습자들의 영어 고모음 /i, I, u, U/에 대한 인지 및 대응(mapping)을 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 경상남도에 거주하는 35명의 남자 중학생들을 대상으로 한국인 영어 학습자들이 혼돈하기 쉬운 영어 고모음을 실험 모음으로 선정하여 인지 실험을 실시하였다. 본 논문의 인지 실험에서는 피실험자들이 영어 고모음들을 한국어의 어떤 모음으로 인지하여 대응시키는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 또한, 본 실험을 통하여 피실험자들이 영어의 고모음들을 한국어 모음들과 어느 정도 유사하다고 생각하는지에 관해서도 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서 실시한 인지 실험에 의하여 도출된 결과를 전체적으로 살펴보면 전설 긴장 고모음(high front tense vowel) /i/에 대한 한국어 모음 /이/의 대응률이 97.2%로 가장 높았고, 후설 이완 고모음(high back lax vowel) /U/에 대한 한국어 모음 /우/의 대응률이 42.5%로 가장 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 영어 모음과 한국어 모음의 유사도 부분에서는 대부분의 문항에서 3∼4 정도의 유사도(Likert 7점 Scale 사용)가 나온 것으로 보아서 한국어(경남 방언 화자) 피실험자들은 영어 모음 소리와 한국어 모음 소리 간에 중간 정도의 유사성이 있는 것으로 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통하여 경남방언을 구사하는 중학생 영어 학습자들은 영어의 긴장 모음을 영어의 이완 모음보다 더 잘 인지하여 대응시켰음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과가 도출된 이유는 한국어 모음체계가 긴장성(tenseness)과 이완성(laxness)이라는 특징으로 명확히 구분되어 있지는 않지만, 한국어 모음들이 영어의 긴장 모음에 더 가깝기 때문일 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 한국인 영어 학습자들은 영어 모음체계의 인지 및 대응에서도 영어의 이완 모음보다는 긴장 모음을 더 잘 인지하여 이를 한국어 모음에 대응시킨 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception (mapping) of English high vowels /i, I, u, U/ of Korean EFL learners. The experiment subjects were 35 male middle school students who were born and have lived in South Kyungsang Korea. English high vowels are easy to be confused by Korean English learners thus these vowels were chosen as English target vowels for the current perception study. This study investigated how the subjects perceive these English high vowels and match them to what Korean vowels by carrying out the perception experiment. In addition, the current study implemented the test to look into the Korean subjects` perception concerning the degree of similarity between Korean and English high vowels which they listened to. The results are as follows. First, the English high front tense vowel /i/ is perceived as Korean vowel /이/ in 97.1% which is the highest mapping rate. The English high back lax vowel /U/ is perceived as Korean vowel /우/ in 42.5% which is the lowest mapping rate of this experiment. Second, in the case of the degree of similarity between English and Korean vowels, most South Kyungsang Korean subjects marked number 3 or 4 out of 1 (same as Korean) to 7 (totally different from Korean) Likert Scale. Thus, the subjects seemed to recognize only some degree of similarity between two different vowel systems. This study shows that South Kyungsang Korean middle school English learners have perceived and corresponded English high tense vowels better than English high lax vowels. That is, Korean vowel system does not distinguish tenseness and laxness distinctively, but the South Kyungsang Korean subjects mostly perceived English high tense vowels as Korean high tense vowels (97.1%) and they think the English vowels are somewhat similar to Korean vowels (3∼4 out of 7) even though they do not think Korean and English vowels are exactly the same. Therefore, South Kyungsang Korean English learners seem to perceive and match the English high tense vowels more easily than the lax vowels in the case of perception of English vowels and their mapping to Korean vowel system. This implies that South Kyungsang Korean EFL learners need to understand more accurately the vowel system of a target language when they learn the language. From the results of the present study, it does not seem to need a separate pronunciation education system for South Kyungsang Korean English learners. However, South Kyungsang Korean English learners need to be educated the difference between their native language (L1) and a second language (L2). Especially, it seems that South Kyungsang Korean English learners need a focused and intensive education for the acquisition of English lax vowels.

경남방언 남·여 화자의 영어 고모음 발화에 관한 연구

명윤미,이동명 한국언어과학회 2014 언어과학 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine characteristics of English high vowels produced by South Kyungsang(SK) Korean (Busan dialect) speakers. The 10 SK Korean subjects who participated in this study are 5 male and 5 female university students. English target vowels for the current experiment, /i/-/ɪ/ and /u/-/ʊ/, were acoustically analyzed based on the formant frequencies of the vowels using Praat speech analysis program. In order to observe the relationship between SK Korean single vowels and standard Korean single vowels, the formant frequencies of 7 Korean single vowels /ㅏ/, /ㅔ/, /ㅣ/, /ㅗ/, /ㅜ/, /ㅡ/, /ㅓ/ were also measured using Praat. The collected data of the present study were also compared to the formant frequencies reported in previous studies. The results are as follows: First, SK Korean speakers have difficulty in distinguishing English tense and lax pairs regardless of gender. Second, there was a statistical difference in terms of the production of English high vowels, /i/, /ʊ/, /u/ between SK Korean speakers and standard Korean speakers. Third, in the case of Korean high vowels, the difference of F2 values between SK Korean speakers and standard Korean speakers is more than 100 Hz, especially in the Korean high back vowel /ㅜ/. These results show that each Korean dialect causes variance in terms of the production of English vowels and Korean vowels.

An Acoustic Study of L2 English Vowels Produced by Kyungsang Korean Speaking Learners

이현정 현대영미어문학회 2017 현대영미어문학 Vol.35 No.2

The present study investigated the acoustic properties of English vowels produced by regional dialect speaking Korean learners of English, focusing on South Kyungsang dialect speakers. Formant frequencies were analyzed for the acoustic data of L2 English and L1 Korean vowels collected by thirty-one Korean learners of English. Two phases of the present analyses, the group-averaged and correlation analyses, indicated several replicated and new findings regarding the English vowel production by Korean learners. First, the present group-averaged analysis confirmed previous observations regarding Korean learners’ difficulties in contrasting the 4-way vowel height distinction in English as well as distinguishing English tense-lax vowel contrasts. Second, the correlation analysis newly indicated that the difficulty in contrasting the tense-lax vowel pair patterned differently between the front and back vowels; while L1 Korean /i/ was correlated with L2 English /i/ rather than /ɪ/, the L1 /u/ vowel was correlated with both L2 /u/ and /ʊ/. The non-parallel correlation between front and back vowels regarding the tense-lax pairs was discussed in terms of the vowel properties of the regional dialect.

경남방언 영어학습자의 영어 강세발화: 길이, 높이, 강도를 중심으로

정고은,이동명 한국언어과학회 2023 언어과학 Vol.30 No.4

this paper is to examine whether South Kyungsang (SK) Korean English learners can produce English stress well comparing to native speakers of English in terms of duration, pitch and intensity. The current paper measures the duration, intensity, and pitch of primary English stress of SK Korean English learners as well as native English speakers. The 15 female SK Korean participants were born and have lived in the South Kyungsang region of Korea. The key tasks associated with the current research objectives are to compare and analyze the length of the main stressed vowel of English words spoken by SK Korean English learners and native speakers of English and also to examine the difference of the average intensity and pitch values between SK Korean English learners and native English speakers. The results indicate there seems to be no difference in terms of the duration; however, the current results show statistical differences in pitch and intensity between SK Korean English learners and native English speakers.

An Acoustic Study on the Production of /o/ and /u/ in South Kyungsang Korean

Wook Kyung Choe,Dongmyung Lee 한국언어과학회 2019 언어과학 Vol.26 No.2