사물인터넷 기반의 스마트 윈도우 구현

김태국 한국혁신산업학회 2024 혁신산업기술논문지 Vol.2 No.2

본 논문에서 사물인터넷 기반의 스마트 윈도우 구현에 관한 연구하였다. 제안한 스마트 윈도우는 PDLC(Polymer dispersed liquid crystals)를 이용한 태양광 투과 제어, 스테핑 모터를 이용한 윈도우 제어 등의 기능을 제공한다. 이 스마트 윈도우는 날씨 정보를 제공하는 기상청 날씨 누리의 OPEN API를 이용하여 시간, 날씨, 풍속, 현재 온도, 강수 상태, 습도 등의 실시간 정보를 애플리케이션으로 수신한다. 수신된 정보를 바탕으로 시스템은 자동으로 윈도우를 개폐할 수 있다. 이러한 날씨 정보를 바탕으로 비가 오거나 미세먼지가 많은 경우 자동으로 윈도우를 닫는 기능을 제공한다. 날씨 정보 제공과 윈도우 제어 기능은 앱 인벤터와 아두이노를 통해 구현하였다. 따라서 제안한 스마트 윈도우는 일반 가정에서 편의성을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. In this paper, we studied the implementation of smart windows based on the Internet of Things. The proposed smart window provides functions such as solar transmission control using PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystals) and window control using a stepping motor. This smart window uses the OPEN API of the Korea Meteorological Administration's Weather Nuri, which provides weather information, to receive real-time information such as time, weather, wind speed, current temperature, precipitation status, and humidity as an application. Based on the received information, the system can automatically open and close the window. Based on this weather information, a function is provided to automatically close the windows when it rains or there is a lot of fine dust. Weather information provision and window control functions were implemented through App Inventor and Arduino. Therefore, we expect that the proposed smart window will be able to provide convenience to ordinary homes.

전기변색 외피시스템 적용 업무공간의 채광 성능 분석

김재향,한승훈 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2022 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.13 No.1

A smart window is a new building material that can realize energy savings in a building. Smart windows can freely adjust Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) and solar gain coefficient (g-value) according to the situation. Smart windows include such technologies as Electrochromic (EC), Suspended Particle Device (SPD), and Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC). Recent research on building energy savings through the VLT and g-value control functions of smart windows is being actively conducted and meaningful results are being drawn. However, since most of the research is focused on energy savings, research on the indoor environment is somewhat lacking. A building is a space where people live and the comfort of life should be prioritized before energy savings. Therefore, in this study, analysis on the daylight performance of an office space was carried out. Through green building standards such as LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE, and G-SEED, the daylight performance was reviewed according to VLT value changes of the smart window. In addition, a study was conducted on the VLT range of the electrochromic façade that can maintain a comfortable indoor environment. The smart window used electrochromic control with a wide range of VLT. The study showed that the minimum VLT of a smart window that can satisfy G-SEED is 25% or more. In addition, it was found that the VLT change of the electrochromic smart window did not significantly affect the uniformity of the room. When the LEED standard was applied, the minimum VLT value of the electrochromic smart window that must be maintained according to each orientation of the building was derived.

Galvanic Cell과 Smart Window의 만남

채윤수,강지훈,김다혜,김우일,여운영,이현규,채연수,채원석 한국과학영재교육학회 2017 과학영재교육 Vol.9 No.3

The meeting of galvanic cell, which is considered to be the beginning of the battery, and smart window, which is the cutting-edge technology of the modern age, was conducted to meet the classical technology and the modern technology. Luigi Galvani, an Italian physician, physiologist and physicist, invented a galvanic cell as a phenomenon during frog anatomy experiments. In this experiment, a galvanic cell was made using a copper electrode, a solution of copper nitrate, a zinc electrode and a zinc nitrate solution. In the smart window, titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a thin film was coated by a spin-coating method using a conductive glass of tin oxide (SnO2) doped with indium ions as a substrate, as sandwiched between two glasses. We observed the discoloration phenomenon by connecting the smart window with the galvanic cell that we made directly. 전지의 시초라고 볼 수 있는 galvanic cell과 현대의 최첨단 기술인 smart window와의 만남을 목적으로 하는 실험을 진행하였다. 이탈리아의 해부학자인 Galvani는 개구리 해부실험 중 목격한 근육수축 현상으로 전기발생 장치를 제작하려 했으나 실패하였고, 물리학자인 Volta는 다른 관점에서 기전력을 이용한 최초의 전지를 고안했다. 본 실험에서는 구리전극과 질산구리 수용액, 아연전극과 질산아연 수용액을 이용한 galvanic cell을 만들었다. Smart window는 인듐이 주입된 주석산화물(In-SnO2)의 전도성 유리를 기판으로 사용하여 회전코팅(spin-coating)법으로 이산화티타늄(TiO2) 현탄액을 코팅하고 두 개의 전극을 샌드위칭(sandwiching)하여 전극 사이에 전해질 용액을 투입해서 만들었다. 제작한 galvanic cell과 smart window를 연결하여 변색되는 현상을 관찰하였다.

스마트 윈도우 설치 속성에 따른 사무공간의 주광 환경 추이

김재향,한승훈 한국신·재생에너지학회 2023 신재생에너지 Vol.19 No.3

Smart windows are capable of varying their visible light transmittance (VLT) in response to changing environmentalconditions. The VLT variability of architectural windows is highly valuable because it enables indoor lighting and energy environmentsto align with external changes. However, challenges such as high installation costs and assurance of glass visibility have prompted theexploration of alternative solutions, including models incorporating partially applied smart windows., Prior research focused on usefuldaylight illuminance (UDI) analysis for south-facing office buildings, pointing out suitable areas for smart-window implementation toenhance lighting control. In this study, we broadened this scope by determining optimal smart-window application zones underchanging building orientation. Furthermore, we studied the correlation between building orientation and smart-window deployment areas.

"라즈베리파이 카메라를 활용한 이미지 분석 기반 스마트 윈도우 착색 조절 자동화 시스템"

김민상,안현식,임성민,장은정,이나경,허준혁,강인구,권지현,이준영,김하영,김동수,윤종호,최윤석 한국전기전자학회 2024 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.28 No.1

"본 논문에서는 라즈베리파이 카메라와 함수 발생기를 활용하여 이미지에서 휘도를 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 전압을 인가하여 스마트 윈도우에 착색을 통해 광 투과를 조절할 수 있는 자동화 시스템을 제안한다. 기존 휘도 측정에 사용되는 휘도계는 가격대가 높고사용자의 불필요한 움직임을 요구해 실생활에서 활용하기 어렵다. 그러나 사진 촬영 후 Python Open Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV)를 활용한 이미지에서의 휘도 분석은 저렴하고 휴대가 간편하여 실생활에서 쉽게 응용할 수 있다. 이 시스템을스마트 윈도우가 적용된 환경에 사용하여 창호의 휘도를 검출하였다. 이미지의 휘도를 바탕으로 스마트 윈도우의 착색 조절을 통해창호의 휘도를 감소시켜 재실자는 쾌적한 시 환경을 구축할 수 있다." "In this paper, we propose an automated system. It utilizes a Raspberry Pi camera and a function generator to analyze luminance in an image. Then, it applies voltage based on this analysis to control light transmission through coloring smart windows. The existing luminance meters used to measure luminance are expensive and require unnecessary movement from the user, making them difficult to use in real life. However, after taking a photography, luminance analysis in the image using the Python Open Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV) is inexpensive and portable, so it can be easily applied in real life. This system was used in an environment where smart windows were applied to detect the luminance of windows. Based on the brightness of the image, the coloring of the smart window is adjusted to reduce the brightness of the window, allowing occupants to create a comfortable viewing environment."

스마트 스킨의 일사획득성능 측정을 위한 측정 장비 개발연구

김석현,조수 한국건축친환경설비학회 2018 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.12 No.5

For energy saving in building, the manufacturer of architectural material has improvement the performance of window. But recently the designer and constructor prefer to wide part of window at building envelope because of fine view of building. The wide part of window at building envelope has raised to thermal performance for energy saving. So many researcher and productor enhanced window performance by various effort. For the control of solar heat gain, the smart skin was developed from smart glass like an electrochromic glass and suspended particle display. Also the performance of solar heat gain on transmitting envelope of building became important for energy analysis. The measuring equipment of that performance was proposed too. This method was regulated to Korea industrial standard. But the use of solar simulator has some problem that difference between solar simulator and natural sunlight. This mean is that the effect of natural sunlight through window or smart skin do not confirmed about an energy consumption in building. Therefore authors studied many research and previous study about the solar heat gain performance of smart skin and measured the solar heat gain performance of glass through using the measuring equipment of the solar heat gain performance by use sunlight. The authors of this study were development of measuring equipment of SHGC. By the operation pretest of measuring equipment, the application of the measuring method was confirmed. And the results of measuring about solar heat gain coefficients showed to requirement of improvement about equipment for smart skin.

액정 스마트윈도우의 신뢰성에 대한 연구

박병규,김순금,이승우,박계춘,이진,Park, Byung-Kyu,Kim, Sun-Geum,Lee, Seung-Woo,Park, Gye-Choon,Lee, Jin 한국전기전자재료학회 2020 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.33 No.6

In recent years, the challenge of higher energy efficiency has emerged as urban buildings have become taller, and the area of window glasses has increased. To address the problem of energy efficiency in buildings, research on smart windows is being actively conducted. In this study, an accelerated experiment for thermal stability was conducted to fabricate a liquid crystal cell applicable to external windows. It was confirmed from the study that the function is maintained even in a high-temperature external environment through the change in transmittance by voltage. Compared with the initial transmittance, after the passage of time, the smart window cell to which the sealant was applied showed a small change in transmittance of 1~2%. This result confirmed the thermal stability of the liquid crystal-based smart window.

2P-317 Liquid crystal based smart window with integrated luminescent solar concentrator

파하드마틴,홍성규,오희묵 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1

Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) based smart windows are studied widely for the use as curtain-free windows. Their integration with luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) device is a promising approach towards development of self-sustainable smart windows. In this study, we present a novel configuration of LSC-PDLC smart window. The system contains two parts, LSC and PDLC as outer and inner part respectively. The LSC is prepared by coating dye doped PMMA solution on the glass substrate. For PDLC cell, liquid crystal (E7) and photo reactive monomer were inserted in sandwich cell followed by UV exposure. LSC-PDLC smart window was evaluated on the base of power emitted by the edges. Our results are of great interest in view of a possible use of LSC as an onboard power generator for smart window.

Liquid crystal–Based flexible smart windows on roll-to-roll slot die–Coated Ag nanowire network films

Kim, Dong-Ju,Hwang, Do Yun,Park, Jin-Yeong,Kim, Han-Ki Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.765 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We developed polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC)-based large-area flexible smart windows using continuous roll-to-roll (RTR) slot die–coated Ag nanowire (NW) percolating network electrodes. By simply printing Ag NW ink on flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates with 400 mm width, we fabricated cost-effective, transparent, and flexible Ag NW electrodes with a low sheet resistance of 50 Ohm/square and high transmittance of 88% for high-performance and large-area flexible PDLCs. Although the Ag NW electrode exhibited similar electrical and optical properties to typical indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, the Ag NW electrode had superior flexibility to the brittle ITO, which is important for flexible PDLCs. The PDLC window fabricated with the Ag NW electrode exhibited good transparency switching performance and outstanding flexibility. By producing a PDLC window with a width of 400 mm and length of 2 m, we demonstrated the feasibility of large-area flexible PLDCs based on continuous RTR-coated Ag NW electrodes for smart windows.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The Flexible PDLC smart windows were fabricated on roll-to-roll slot die-coated Ag nanowire (NW) network films. </LI> <LI> The PDLC window with the Ag NW electrode showed outstanding mechanical flexibility. </LI> <LI> The PDLC window with the Ag NW electrode exhibited good transparency switching performance. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

모노리식 전고체 무기 전기변색 스마트 윈도우 연구 개발 동향

신민경,서인태,강형원,서지훈,한승호 한국세라믹학회 2022 세라미스트 Vol.25 No.3

In this review, research and development trends of monolithic all-solid inorganic electrochromic smart windows were introduced. Due to global warming, an electrochromic smart window which is effective for energy saving has been gaining a lot of attention. However, high production cost and durability issues are limiting its widespread use. Various studies have been conducted on counter electrode and electrolyte materials to improve electrochromic performance and durability as well as productivity. In addition, research on optimizing the device structure through the passivation layer and on film-type electrochromic devices using flexible substrates have also been conducted. These recent research results are expected to enable the global distribution of smart windows.