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김태명 ( Tae Myung Kim ) 아시아.유럽미래학회 2008 유라시아연구 Vol.5 No.3
This paper investigated Guanzi`s political and economic thoughts by researching for Guanzi, Guannzhong`s writings, in hermeneutical analysis. As a result, Guanzi``s political ideal was focused on the constitutional government in which the goal was to worship a King and the governing method was to comply with people. This kind of constitutional government purported that a King was the principle body and law was nothing but a ruling tool. This was a kind of personal government and differed little from a Confucian in which a King was a supreme exerciser of political authority. The only difference between two school was that Confucian intended to govern a country by courtesy and Guanzi wanted to govern a country by the law. In conformity with this kind of constitutional government, a new administrative organization by centralism based on the regional units was suggested, while an administrative organization by blood relationship collapsed. Guanzi accurately understood human being``s profit-seeking nature, people`s richness and poverty were factors determining political safety and danger, and by regarding these ideas as the political basis he intended to govern a country through various Qingzhong techniques of political policies. In industrial policies, he went ahead with ``the simultaneous emphasis on agriculture and manufacture and commerce`` in which he attached great importance to agriculture and further attempted the balanced development of commerce and manufacture, which was different from ``the agriculture-first but commerce-last policy`` that was the main thoughts of schools other than Guanzi. In the case of tax policy, he insisted that land should be impartially distributed according to the land class, taxation be graded and tax be imposed and collected to enable farmers to maintain reproduction. Guanzi`s Qingzhong in price regulation was the core of his political and economic thoughts. The constitutional government by ``worship-a-King-and-follow-people`` idea was the cardinal point of political thoughts, the core of economic thoughts was the Qingzhong technique of economic policies in which a nation intervened on the market, adjusted the distribution, monopolistically issued and distributed currency, and the final goal of these thoughts was wealthy nation and wealthy people. To conclude, the root of Guanzi`s political and economic thoughts was that based on the constitutional government, the power of ruling and control towards people was determined by economic ruling capability. And the exercise of ruling power in politics and economy by utilizing human being``s profit-seeking nature was Guanzi`s excellent political-and-economic thoughts coming from correct understanding the then reality. These kind of Guanzi`s political and economic thoughts are judged to cast suggestions to grope for anther direction at this point of time when neo-liberalism is being collapsed.
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