20대 여성의 신발종류에 따른 족저압 영역별 비교 연구

김용재,지진구,김정태,홍준희,이중숙,이훈식,박승범 한국운동역학회 2004 한국운동역학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Y. J. KIM, J. G. JI, J. T. KIM, J. H. HONG, J. S. LEE, H. S. LEE, S. B. PARK. A comparison study for mask plantar pressure measures to the difference of shoes in 20 female. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 83-98, 2004. The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest of plantar pressures using the F-Scan system over speeds and plantar regions. 6 healthy female subjects in 20's were recruited for the study. Plantar pressure measurements during locomotor activities can provide information concerning foot function, particularly if the timing and magnitude of the loading profile can be related to the location of specific foot structures such as the metatarsal heads. The Tekscan F-Scan system consists of a flexible, 0.18mm thick sole-shape having 1260 pressure sensors, the sensor insole was trimmed to fit the subjects' right. left shoes - sneakers shoes & dress shoes. It was calibrated by the known weight of the test subject standing on one foot. The Tekscan measurements show the insole pressure distribution as a function of the time. This finding has important implications for the development of plantar pressure test protocols where the function of the forefoot is important. According to the result of analysis it is as follows : 1) Center of force trajectory in women's dress shoes display direct movement, compare with center of force trajectory in Sneaker shoes displays a little bit curved slow pronation movement. Sneaker shoes in forefoot part display very quick supination movement, therefore, this shoes effects negative effectiveness for ankle's stability. Considering center of force trajectory analyzing, the more center of force close straight line, the more movement can be quick movement for locomotion. For foot pressure distribution, center of force trajectory in locomotion is better to curved trajectory with pronation movement. So sneaker shoes style is good shoes considering center of pressure distribution trajectory compare with women's dress shoes. 2) Women's dress shoes increased peak pressure in medial, this is effected by high hill's height. The more increased women's dress shoes's height, the more women's peak pressure will increase, pronation can increase compare with before. Supination movement increase, this focused pressure in lateral, also, supination increased more. If the supination movement increased, foot pressure focused in lateral, therefore, it is appeared force distribution in gait direction. This is bad movement in foot's stability. 3) Women's dress shoes in landing phase displayed a long time, this is when women's dress shoes wear, gait movement is unbalance, so, landing phase displayed a long time. For compensation in gait, swing phase quick movement. 4) Women's dress shoes displayed peak pressure distribution in lateral of rearfoot part, Sneakers shoes displayed peak pressure distribution in medial of forefoot part. Its results has good impact absorption compare with women's dress shoes. In forefoot part, sneakers shoes has good propulsive force compare with women's dress shoes.

1910년대 식민지 조선에서 유행한 경제화(經濟靴)의 특성과 생활문화적 의의

김혜숙 한국역사민속학회 2023 역사민속학 Vol.- No.65

이 글은 1910년대 식민지 조선에서 유행했던 ‘경제화(經濟靴)’를 연구 대상으로 한다. 1911년경 인천에서 처음 등장한 경제화는 가죽, 비단, 모직, 캔버스천 등으로 갑피를 만들고, 가죽으로 밑창을 댄 낮은 굽의 신발이다. 양화(洋靴)나 선혜(鮮鞋)에 비해 저렴하면서도 보행에 편리하여, 전국적으로 빠르게 퍼졌다. 당시 경제화의 유행에는 소비자의 선택 못지않게 조선인 신발상인의 역할도 컸다. 경제화 전문상은 물론이고 선혜상과 양화상까지 가세하여 시장이 폭발적으로 확장되었기 때문이다. 특히 선혜상과 양화상 중에서도 업력이 길고 영업규모가 큰 상점이 경제화의 도소매에 적극적으로 앞장서서 경제화의 유행을 주도하였다. 이 과정을 거치며, 1910년대 조선인 신발상인은 본래의 주력 품목 이외에 각종 신발을 생산, 판매하는 상공업자로 성장해 나갔다. 경제화의 제조 경험은 이후 제화업에서 조선인이 차지하는 비중을 높이고, 제화 기술이 확산, 발달하는 기반이 되었다. 한편, 경제화는 생산, 판매, 소비 측면에서 조선신에서 신식 신발로 이행하는 과도적(過渡的) 특성을 지닌 상품이다. 경제화는 가내수공업적 소량생산 맞춤화가 아니라 공장에서 대량생산되어 근대적인 운송시스템을 이용해 판매되던 대중화(大衆靴)의 초기형에 해당한다. 기능 및 형태상 조선신과 신식신발의 중간에 있는 경제화는 조선인이 양화, 편리화, 운동화, 고무신으로 본격적으로 이행하고, 발과 관련된 복식문화가 서구화되는 출발점에 존재했다는 점에서 의생활사에서도 큰 의의를 지닌다. This study focuses on the "Economic shoes(經濟靴)" that was very popular in Colonial Chosŏn in the 1910s. Economic shoes were first launched in Incheon around 1911. This is a low-heeled shoe with an upper made of leather, silk, wool, canvas, etc. and a leather sole. These shoes were cheaper and more convenient than Western shoes(洋靴) or traditional Korean shoes(鮮鞋), and quickly spread throughout the country. While consumer choice played a role in the popularity of these economic shoes, Korean shoemakers played a very important role. In other words, it became popular because the market for economic shoes exploded, not only with merchants specializing in economic shoes, but also with merchants who had previously sold traditional Korean leather shoes (鮮鞋商) and merchants who specialized in Western shoes (洋靴商). In particular, among shoe merchants, those with a long history of business and a large business scale actively took the lead in the wholesale and retail of economic shoes, driving the fashion for such shoes. Along the way, the economic shoe stores of the 1910s, traditional Korean shoe stores, and Western shoe stores grew into commercial enterprises that produced and sold various types of shoes in addition to their original focus. The experience of producing economic shoes paved the way for the increase in the share of Koreans in the shoemaking industry and the spread and development of shoemaking technology. On the other hand, economic shoes were a commodity with a transitional character that transitions from traditional Korean footwear to modern footwear in terms of production, sales, and consumption, and has an important significance in people’s lives. Economic shoes were not a low-volume customization of cottage industries, but were mass-produced in factories. They were also the earliest form of mass merchandising, sold using modern transportation systems. Functionally and formally, the economic shoes, which were halfway between the traditional shoes and the new shoes, became the starting point for the Korean people to move to modern shoes, including Western shoes, sneakers, and rubber shoes.

Computer-aided Analysis of Stability and Muscular Movement of Lower Limbs during Pirouette in Ballet

Sungwoo Park(박성우),Changmin Pyo(표창민),Jungsub Lee(이정섭),Junghoon Kwon(권정훈),Kunwoo Lee(이건우) (사)한국CDE학회 2010 한국 CAD/CAM 학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.1

Ballet is a famous dance form characterized by elegant motion. Ballet dancers wear special shoes developed specifically to reduce the load on the muscles of their lower limbs. Such shoes are necessary because normal shoes have limited capacity when it comes to expressing beautiful and stable motion. Since ballet shoes are popularly used by dancers, it would be beneficial to verify their functions by computer simulations. To verify the functions of ballet shoes, we studied the pirouette, a motion in which a dancer makes one or two revolutions on a vertical axis passing through the left leg. During a pirouette, dancers balance themselves on their left leg; therefore, this motion requires stability and the muscular force of the left leg. We conducted experiments with three types of shoes?pointe shoes, sneakers, and normal shoes?and we compared the three types. We used SIMM to analyze motion stability and the load on the muscle of the axial leg. For measuring stability during a pirouette, we used the standard deviation of the distances between the axis of rotation and the center of mass of the dancer. The sneakers showed the least standard deviation, followed by the pointe shoes; normal shoes had the greatest standard deviation. The experiment with pointe shoes showed the least muscle burden. The burden with normal shoes was four times as large as that with pointe shoes and two times as large as that with sneakers. In this paper, we have used computer simulation as a study approach to help dancers select shoes most effective for them and to suggest new designs for ballet shoes.

남자 중학생들의 신발 쇼핑성향에 따른 신발 구매행동

이정숙 ( Jeong Sook Lee ),김용숙 ( Yong Sook Kim ) 복식문화학회 2013 服飾文化硏究 Vol.21 No.5

The purpose of this study was to identify middle-school boys` purchase behavior according to their shoes shopping orientation. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect from 314 subjects. Factor analysis, Chi-square test, and one-way ANOVA were done using SPSS PC (Ver. 18.0). Most middle-school boys selected shoes that were 255~270mm, possessed on to two pairs of school shoes, searched for information for about five days before purchase, had spent 50,000~150,000 won on one to two pairs of shoes during the previous six months, saw design, comfort, and brand as their selection criteria, chose their shoes by themselves, shoes specialty stores, had favorite brands, preferred athletic shoes made of achromatic canvas, and bought new shoes when their old ones wore out. Factors of shoe shopping orientation were fashion and brand, economy, conformity, and comfort, and students were grouped into an active shopping group, an underdeveloped shopping orientation group, and a value pursuit group. The active shopping group bought more shoes, spent more on shoes, selected their shoes themselves, patronized discount shoe stores or specialty stores, and preferred national brand shoes. The underdeveloped shopping orientation group accepted their friends`opinions when selecting shoes and bought cheaper shoes. The value pursuit group accepted their parents`opinions when selecting shoes, patronized internet shopping malls or traditional markets, and selected cheaper shoes. The shoe shopping orientation of middle-school boys was immature, but they showed strong consumption needs.

A Design for Summer Safety Shoes for Agricultural Work Using a Survey

Kyung Suk Lee,Do Hee Kim,Young Soon Oh,Sae Loom Oh,Hye Seon Chae,Kyung Ran Kim 대한인간공학회 2016 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.35 No.1

Objective: This study aimed to find good design for summer functional farm shoes under the agricultural environment and working characteristics, which can help safe farm work and further promote the efficiency of working. Background: Most accidents at farms were overturn accidents caused by slipping or falling, and it was found that the main factors which caused the overturn accidents were inappropriate work shoes for the working conditions. These inappropriate work shoes often cause overturn accidents in the rural areas with steep paths. Method: A survey on work shoes was conducted with 174 farmers, and the outcome of this survey was used to find problems of work shoes and improvement ideas for the design of work shoes which can be used at farms. Results: Regarding the form of farm shoes, the ankle height was set at 6 inches to prevent the bending of the ankle and the inflow of foreign substances. The size and groove of the pattern of the outsole were extended to prevent catching of foreign substances. In the upper part, polyurethane and cordura were used in combination to secure air permeability, which was pointed out as the reason for the discomfort during the work wearing existing work shoes. Conclusion: Since farmers felt discomfort with the shoes which they were currently wearing, this study suggested a design of farm shoes by analyzing the important matters of the work shoes in development in order to improve such discomfort. Application: This study can help develop farm shoes that would practically ease farmers" burden of working at farm worksites and keep them safe.

발레의 1st Position 점프 동작 시 신발 유형에 따른 하지의 운동학적 비교분석

염창홍,박영훈,서국웅,Youm, Chang-Hong,Park, Young-Hoon,Seo, Kook-Woong 한국운동역학회 2003 한국운동역학회지 Vol.13 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the height of jump, angle of the ankle and knee, the angular velocity of the ankle and knee between two types of ballet shoes during a jump in the 1st position. The subjects were 5 female ballet majors of university in Busan the majors who have been dancing ballet for six years on the average. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The height of jump had no significant difference between two types of ballet shoes, and then the average of the height of jump with point shoes group ($20.24{\pm}4.62\;cm$) was a little higher than ballet shoes group ($17.50{\pm}4.05\;cm$). 2. The angle of the ankle had no significant difference for all events between two types of ballet shoes. The minimum angle of ankle joint was represented to $54.36_{\circ}$ at the E1 of the left ankle angle of the ballet shoes and the maximum value was showed $155.43_{\circ}$ at the E3 of the right ankle angle of the point shoes. 3. The angle of the knee had no significant difference for all events between two types of ballet shoes. The minimum angle of knee joint was represented to $99.54_{\circ}$ at the E1 of the left knee angle of the ballet shoes and the maximum value was showed $174.25_{\circ}$ at the E3 of the right knee angle of the point shoes. 4. The ankle velocity of the ankle had no significant difference for all events between two types of ballet shoes. The minimum angular velocity of the ankle was represented to 4.35 deg/s at the maximum height(E3) of the point shoes and the maximum value was showed 597.81 deg/s at the take-off(E2) of the right ankle angle of the point shoes. 5. The angular velocity of the knee had significant difference between two types of ballet shoes at the event 1(p<.05). The minimum angular velocity of the hee was represented to -1.68 deg/s at the maximum height(E3) of the point shoes and the maximum value was showed 360.25 deg/s at the take-off(E2) of the left knee angle of the ballet shoes. The other events had no significant difference between two types of ballet shoes.

Change of In-Shoe Plantar Pressure According to Types of Shoes (Flat Shoes, Running Shoes, and High Heels)

Yun Jae Cho,Dong-Woo Lee,Hyuck Soo Shin,Yoon Bin Hwang,Dong Oh Lee,Dae-Yoo Kim,Dong Yeon Lee 대한정형외과학회 2022 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.14 No.2

Background: The type of footwear is one of several factors that affect foot pressure. Despite its usefulness in identifying pathology and preventing and treating foot-related diseases, the type of shoes has been investigated and compared in only a few studies. This study aimed to investigate differences in plantar pressure, induced by flat, running, and high-heeled shoes in healthy, young women. Methods: A total of 27 healthy women (27 feet) with a mean age of 21.5 ± 2.03 years were included in this study. Based on demographic data, radiologic measurements, clinical scores, temporal gait parameters, and kinematic parameters of gait, we confirmed the participants had normal feet. Then, pedobarographic data were measured by dividing each foot into seven regions to compare the three types of shoes. Peak plantar pressure and pressure-time integral were calculated using the Pedar-X system. The one-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann Whitney U-test were used for statistical analyses. Results: Regarding the 7 regions of the foot, flat shoes resulted in a significantly higher pressure than running shoes in the hallux and lesser toes and the highest pressure in the metatarsal head (MTH) 3–5 and the hindfoot. In contrast, in the MTH 1 and MTH 2 regions, the high-heeled shoes had the highest measured pressure, followed by the flat shoes. Lastly, there was no high pressure in running shoes in any region except for the midfoot compared to the other shoes. Conclusions: It can be inferred from our findings that flat and high-heeled shoes can generate a considerable burden on specific parts of the foot, which will aid in choosing appropriate shoes. Also, wearing running shoes places less burden on the overall foot.

Comparison the Muscle Activation in the Trunk and Lower Limbs of Subjects Wearing High-Heeled or Flat Shoes While Crossing Over Obstacles of Different Heights

( Jin-seong Park ),( Jin-tae Han ) 대한물리의학회 2017 대한물리의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation of the trunk and lower limbs of subjects wearing high-heeled or flat shoes while crossing over obstacles of different heights. METHODS: Twenty subjects participated in this study. While wearing high-heeled shoes (7 cm) or flat shoes (0 cm), the subjects were asked to cross over obstacles of different heights (10%, 20%, and 30% of their lower-limb length). Muscle activation of the trunk and lower limbs with the supported side while crossing over obstacles of different heights was measured using the electromyogram (Noraxon, DTS, Germany). Two-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare the muscle activation between high-heel shoes and flat shoes while crossing over obstacles of different heights. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS ver. 21, and p-values less than .05 were used to identify significant differences. RESULTS: As an obstacle`s height increased, muscle activation of the trunk and lower limbs with the supported side was increased while wearing either type of shoe, and it was generally higher while wearing high-heeled shoes. However, tibialis anterior muscle activity while wearing high-heeled shoes was lower than while wearing flat shoes. CONCLUSION: This study showed that muscle activation of the trunk and lower limbs was higher when subjects wore high-heeled shoes than when they wore flat shoes while crossing over obstacles of different heights. Therefore, high-heeled shoes can easily cause high muscle fatigue of the trunk and lower limbs, and the TA muscle may weaken in persons who wear high-heeled shoes.

나주 복암리 정촌고분 출토 금동신발 문양 소재 연구

윤종균 국립중앙박물관·(社)동원고고미술연구소 2022 동원학술논문집 Vol.23 No.-

Gilt-bronze crowns and shoes unearthed in tombs from the Three Kingdoms period have been highlighted by academics as the most prominent artifacts for reflecting the social standing of a buried person. This paper aims to explore the meanings of the subject matter found in the designs on the Gilt-bronze Shoes Excavated from the Jeongchon Tomb through a comparative analysis of designs on gilt-bronze crowns and shoes from regions controlled by the Baekje Kingdom and on mural paintings from Goguryeo tombs. The designs on the Gilt-bronze Shoes from Jeongchon Tomb are symbolic expressions of the ascent to immortality and display its temporal progression. The earliest stage of this progression is represented by the designs on the soles of the gilt-bronze shoes. In the middle of the shoe’s sole is a lotus flower with a monster depicted above and below it. These two monsters from the earthly world uphold the lotus flower, which represents the sky of the heavenly realm. This composition can be viewed as a preparatory stage for ascending to immortality. The depiction of a lotus flower and monsters is presumed to have symbolically articulated a preparatory stage in which a dragon-shaped monster metamorphosized into a lotus flower and entered into the realm of the immortals by undergoing a number of changes while riding on another dragon. One of the designs on the uppers of the shoes is birds, which are considered to represent the first stage of the ascent to immortality. Birds can be either earthly creatures or heavenly versions according to their feathers and combs. The right shoe is decorated mostly with earthly birds, and the left shoe with heavenly versions. Thus, the designs evolve from the right shoe to the left. Another design on the uppers of the shoes is dragons. On the right side of the right shoe are two groups of five interlocking dragons that face one another with their mouths closed to create a balance of yin and yang energy. The left side of the right shoe also shows two groups of five interlocking dragons, again striking a balance between yin and yang. However, a difference is apparent in their mouths: Five of them hold their mouths open, but the other five keep them closed. The left shoe is adorned with a winged dragon with its subordinate dragons, jeongni and cheonggyu, which indicates that this winged dragon is superior to the dragons depicted in the right shoe. The hierarchy in the composition moves up from the right shoe to the left. The other design on the uppers is auspicious figures and animals, including the gods of the earth, who are regarded as supreme beings. The gods of the earth on the right shoe are facing and interacting with each other, while those on the left shoe are depicted looking ahead and proceeding as the dragons move forward. Such depictions signal the temporal progression from the right shoe to the left. The left shoe shows younger gods on its right side and older gods on the left, indicating a temporal movement from the right to the left. As for the auspicious animals, two human-headed birds, respectively examples of the creatures known as cheonchu and manse, emerge in the lower section of the right side of the right shoe. The manse is followed by the cheonchu while looking back at it and interacting. Above the cheonchu and manse are two animal-headed birds known as bugwi and gilli. The gilli is on the fore sole and looks back while leading the bugwi, and the bugwi turns its head to look at the deer and bieo (a fish with wings and legs) that follow behind on the left side of the right shoe. The winged and legged fish in the lower section of the left side is proceeding toward the fore sole. Five deer, including cheollok (a type of mythical deer with a horn shaped like a bird’s comb), are depicted here. On each side of the left shoe are five deer as well. The right side of the left shoe includes a cheollok with a large horn, while the left side shows a cheollok with a short horn. Dragon-shaped projections are attached to the toe caps of the shoes. These projections have necks which are considered an indicator for the ascent to heaven and symbolize dragons in the final stage of ascending to immortality. They are thought to have served as a medium for the buried person to ascend to heaven while leading the creatures on the uppers and soles of the shoes. The Gilt-bronze Shoes Excavated from the Jeongchon Tomb in Naju contain an assembly of designs materializing the Taoist thinking on immortals that were current at the time. Such designs are transformed and upgraded versions of the Taoist designs found on gilt-bronze crowns from the late fourth and early fifth centuries. They appear to have been applied most frequently in the late fifth century. The designs on the Gilt-bronze Shoes from Jeongchon Tomb that reflect Taoist concepts share affinities with mural paintings from Goguryeo tombs, attesting to ideological similarities between the Baekje and Goguryeo Kingdoms. Taoist concepts developed further during the Sabi period. However, with the spread of Buddhist ideology that renounced glamor during physical life, Taoist designs are presumed to have been simplified. Moreover, the development of Buddhism is believed to have resulted in the disappearance of resplendent tomb furnishings and the downscaling of previously gigantic tombs.

친환경 재료와 3차원 족형 데이터베이스 기술을 활용한 기능성 수제화 제조 방안연구

김홍규(Kim, Hong Gyu) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2014 (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 conference Vol.2014 No.5

This Study is aimed at making contributions towards advancement of hand-made shoes industry with publicly beneficial goals of inducing healthy growth of the industry by operating specialized system for functional hand-made shoes by applying environment-friendly materials and 3-dimensional scanning data base technology in manufacturing of hand-made shoes. Currently, more than 350 hand-made shoes manufacturers are clustered in the general regions of the Seongsu-dong, Seongdong-du, establishing the only Mecca of hand-made shoes in Korea. Accordingly, the Seongdong-gu Municipal Office, the Hanyang Woman’s University and the Seoul Seongdong Shoe Maker’s Association are jointly putting in efforts to enhance the competitiveness of shoe making industry in the Seongsu-dong region, the center of the shoe industry in Korea, and to establish a specialized zone for hand-made shoes. Moreover, the project for convergence of technologies of the local industries was executed in 2012 as a part of the joint projects, and 3-dimensional scanning data base technology was secured by establishing the 3-D Scanning Database and execution of customized hand-made shoes manufacturing business through 3D Modeling. On the basis of such research, there is a need to develop functional hand-made shoes that guarantee environment-friendliness of the materials and consider universal design rather than development of the existing recycled or up-cycled hand-made shoes. Manufacturing of functional shoes using environment-friendly materials is the demand of our era and should be pursued as the new growth engine for the hand-made shoes industry. The contents of the research will include development of hand-made shoes with little irritation to human body and helpful for preservation of environment by using environment-friendly materials, development of new materials by using natural materials, development of environment-friendly materials, manufacturing of hand-made shoes using the materials developed, and development and execution of designs with environment-friendly manufacturing methods on the basis of the 3-dimensional scanning data base technology.