성폭력범죄 피해실태와 개정법상 피해자보호 및 지원방안

이희경(Lee, Heekyung) 한국피해자학회 2013 被害者學硏究 Vol.21 No.2

A series of special criminal law amendments were made this past December 18, 2012 in relation to sexually violent crimes, including the Criminal Act, Special Act on the Punishment, Etc. of Sexually Violent Crimes, and Act on the Protection of Children and Young Adults. The most distinguishing features of the December 2012 amendments include the full abolishment of provisions that make the prosecution of these crimes contingent on the victim’s filing a criminal complaint, and the change of language in the object of sexual crimes from “woman” to “person,” thus recognizing male victims of sexual crimes. In addition, the Special Act on the Punishment, Etc. of Sexually Violent Crimes provided legal basis for the protection and support for the victims of sex crimes, including victim’s counsel to prevent harm to the victim arising from the criminal process and to provide legal aid, witness support officers to protect and support the victims and others who stand witness, and witness assistants to provide assistance to those witnesses who have difficulty communicating. Victims of sexually violent crimes face such a difficult battle to reclaim their normal lives that they are termed “survivors.” The state has too much responsibility in failing to prevent these crimes in the first place to leave victims on their own to survive and overcome. Therefore, in addition to extending all efforts to efficiently implement the new systems in the amendments of December 2012 including victim’s counsel, witness support officers, and witness assistants, both the state and society must strive to discover and mend any deficiency in the preexisting solutions for sexual violence so that victims of sexual violence can reclaim their lives. Most of all, the best means to protect the victims of sexual violence is to prevent sexually violent crimes so there are no victims in the first place. To this end, means are necessary to prevent convicted sex criminals from committing future crimes given the high recidivism rate of these crimes, and also to prevent the victimization of potentially vulnerable groups through prevention education and the preparation and promotion of manuals on dealing with sexual violence. Sexual violence prevention education, far from being a formality to comply with mandatory regulations, should be made into effective tools to prevent sexual violence.

주거침입 성폭력범죄에 관한 소고 -성폭력범죄의 실행의 착수시기를 중심으로

이정덕 사법발전재단 2023 사법 Vol.1 No.66

현행법은 주거침입죄를 범한 경우 “3년 이하의 징역 또는 500만 원 이하의 벌금”에 처하고, 성폭력범죄 중 가장 무거운 강간죄를 범한 경우 “3년 이상의 유기징역”에 처한다고 정하고 있다. 한편 주거침입죄를 범한 사람이 성폭력범죄를 범한 경우 “무기징역 또는 7년 이상의 징역”에 처한다고 정하고 있다. 즉, 주거침입죄를 범한 사람이 성폭력범죄를 범한 경우 주거침입죄와 성폭력범죄를 각각 범한 경우보다 훨씬 무겁게 처벌하는 것이다. 주거침입 성폭력범죄에 있어 주거침입죄와 성폭력범죄의 선후관계에 관하여 보면 주거침입죄가 기수에 이른 후 성폭력범죄의 실행의 착수가 있어야 한다. 성폭력범죄의 실행의 착수가 주거침입 전에 발생한 경우 주거침입 성폭력범죄는 성립하지 않고, 성폭력범죄와 주거침입죄의 실체적 경합범이 성립할 수 있을 뿐이다. 따라서 성폭력범죄의 실행의 착수시기를 검토하여야 하는데, 성폭력범죄의 유형을 ① 강제추행죄, ② 강간죄, 유사강간죄, ③ 준강간죄, 준유사강간죄, 준강제추행죄로 나누어 각 유형별 실행의 착수시기를 검토하고, 강제추행죄에서의 기습추행과 유사강간죄에 있어 기습유사강간 등 실행의 착수시기가 문제 되는 특수한 유형에 대해서도 살펴본다. 그 후 주거침입죄와 성폭력범죄의 선후관계가 문제 되는 구체적인 사례를 ‘신체의 일부를 통한 주거침입과 거의 동시에 또는 그 직후에 유형력이 행사된 경우’와 ‘주거침입 이전에 유형력이 행사된 경우’를 하급심판결과 함께 살펴보고, 주거침입죄와 성폭력범죄 사이에 선후관계를 요구하는 현행법의 태도가 입법론적으로 타당한지에 대하여도 일본의 강도강간죄 관련 형법의 개정과 함께 검토한다. 끝으로 주거침입 후 비로소 성폭력범죄의 고의가 발생한 경우, 주거침입의 피해자와 성폭력범죄의 피해자가 다른 경우, 주거침입 후 상당한 시간이 경과한 후 성폭력범죄를 저지른 경우에 주거침입 성폭력범죄가 성립할 수 있는지에 관하여 살펴본다. The current Korean criminal law stipulates that if a person commits a home invasion crime, he or she will be punished by “imprisonment for not more than 3 years or a fine of not more than 5 million won,” and if he or she commits the crime of rape, which is the most serious offense among sexual violence crimes, he or she will be punished by “imprisonment for a limited period of 3 years or more.” Meanwhile, it is stipulated that if a person who invaded another person’s dwelling committed a sexual assault crime (hereinafter referred to “home invasion sexual violence crime”), he or she will be punished by “life imprisonment or imprisonment for 7 years or more.” In other words, if a person commits a home invasion sexual violence crime, he or she will be punished much more severely than if one who committed a home invasion crime and a sexual assault crime on separate occasions. Regarding the chronological relationship between a home invasion and a sexual violence offense in a home invasion sexual violence crime, the home invasion should be committed and completed prior to the commencement of the sexual violence crime. If the commencement of the sexual violence crime preceded the home invasion, the home invasion sexual violence crime cannot be established, and in that case, sexual violence crimes and home invasion crimes will be in a relationship where different criminal acts constitute multiple criminal offenses. Hence, it is crucial to examine the timing of the commencement of sexual violence conduct. The types of sexual violence crimes are divided into ① indecent assault, ② rape, imitative rape [the term “imitative rape” refers to the rape by means of violence or intimidation, insertion of one’s sexual organ into another’s bodily part (excluding a genital organ), such as mouth or anus, or insertion of one’s finger or other bodily part (excluding a genital organ) or any instrument into another’s genital organ or anus], and ③ quasi-rape, quasi-imitative rape, and quasi-indecent assault (the term “quasi” indicates the act in question was carried out by taking advantage of another’s condition of unconsciousness or inability to resist. This article will review the timing of the commencement of each type of the above acts. Special cases involving sudden indecent assault and sudden imitative rape will also be explored. Subsequently, specific cases that raise questions about the chronological relationship between home invasion crimes and sexual violence crimes are considered. The legislative approach in current Korean criminal law that requires a chronological relationship between home invasion crimes and sexual violence crimes is reviewed along with the revision of Japanese criminal law related to the crime of robbery and rape. Finally, the analysis delves into whether home invasion sexual violence crimes can be established in cases where: (a) the intent of sexual violence emerged only after the home invasion; (b) the victims of home invasion and sexual violence are different; and (c) the commission of a sexual violence crime came after a considerable amount of time has passed since the home invasion took place.

성범죄 재판에서 피해자의 동의에 관한 고찰 - 강간죄, 강제추행죄를 중심으로

이 창 환 사법발전재단 2025 사법 Vol.1 No.71

피해자의 동의는 성범죄, 특히 강간과 추행의 죄의 구성요건해당성 배제사유인 양해에 해당한다. 양해의 법적 성격에 관한 개별적 취급설에 따르면, 성범죄의 보호법익인 성적 자유 또는 성적 자기결정권의 침해 여부가 성범죄에서 공통적인 해석의 기준이 되고, 각 형법 조항에서 정한 개별적 구성요건요소가 피해자의 동의의 의미를 해석하는 지침이 된다. 동의의 주체는 피해자 본인이고, 피해자가 성적 자기결정권을 행사할 수 있을 정도의 성적 가치관과 판단능력을 갖춘 경우에만 그 동의가 유효하다. 피해자의 동의는 성적 행위 당시에 있어야 한다. 피해자의 동의는 반드시 명시적일 필요는 없고 묵시적으로라도 행위자에게 인식 가능한 형태로 표시되면 충분하다. 피해자의 동의는 행위자와 특정 일시 및 장소에서 성적 행위를 하는 것, 그에 수반하는 행위자의 성적시도에 관한 승인이다. 성적 행위에 대한 동의 여부는 원칙적으로 실행된 특정 행위별로 판단되어야 한다. 성적 자기결정권에는 성행위의 방법 등을 스스로 결정할 수 있는 권리가 포함된다. 따라서 피해자가 성행위 자체에 동의한 경우라도 피해자가 원하지 않는 방식의 성행위 방법까지 포괄적으로 동의하였다고 추단할 수는 없다. 피해자는 사전에 성적 행위에 동의하였다고 하더라도 언제든지 그 동의를 철회할 수 있다. 대법원 판례에 의하면 피해자의 동의 존부는 그 행위의 경위 및 태양, 피해자의 연령, 범행 당시의 정황 등 여러 사정을 종합적으로 고려하여 볼 때 그 행위로 인하여 피해자의 성적 자유 또는 성적 자기결정권이 침해되었는지를 기준으로 삼아 구체적·개별적으로 판단하여야 한다. 여기서 판단의 대상이 되는 동의는 순수하게 사실적 성질만을 갖는 것이 아니라 규범적으로 유효한 동의를 가리킨다. 따라서 동의 존부의 판단은 ① 피고인의 성적 시도 당시 피해자의 동의가 현실적으로 존재하였는지 판단하는 단계(동의의 현실적인 존부 판단 국면), ② 동의가 존재하더라도 당해 사안의 구체적·개별적 사정에 비추어 피해자의 성적 자기결정권이 침해되었다고 볼 수 있는지 등을 살펴 그 동의가 무효인지 판단하는 단계(동의의 유효성 판단 국면)를 거쳐야 한다. 구체적으로 성범죄 재판실무에서는 피고인과 피해자의 관계, 피해자의 나이, 이력, 성향, 사건 당일 만남의 경위, 성적 행위 당시의 정황 및 행위 태양, 행위 이후의 정황 등을 판단 요소로 삼아 동의 여부를 판단한다. 강간죄, 강제추행죄에서 피해자의 동의 부재는 명시적으로 기술되지 않은 객관적 구성요건요소로 볼 수 있고, 행위수단인 폭행·협박과 밀접하게 관련되어 있으며, 고의의 대상이 된다. 강간죄 재판에서 동의 주장은 ① 성관계에 대한 동의가 있었고, 폭행·협박도 없었다는 주장, ② 폭행·협박은 있었지만 성적 행위에 대한 동의는 있었다는 주장(사전 합의된 성행위 방식이라는 주장, 폭행·협박과 간음 사이 인과관계 부존재·단절 주장, 강간의 고의로 폭행·협박하였으나 피해자가 실제로는 성관계에 동의하고 있었다는 주장), ③ 폭행·협박이 있었고, 피해자의 성적 자기결정권 행사에 영향을 미치긴 하였으나 항거를 현저히 곤란하게 할 정도에 이르지는 않았다는 주장(하자 있는 동의 주장), ④ 피해자의 동의가 있다고 착오하였다는 주장의 형식으로 개진된다. 폭행·협박 선행형 강제추행죄 재판에서 피고인의 동의 주장은 ... The victim’s consent is the understanding that is an exclusionary factor of the requisite elements of sexual crimes, especially for a crime of rape and that of indecent act by compulsion. According to the individual treatment theory about the legal attributes of understanding, whether sexual freedom or the right to sexual self-determination both of which are the legally protected interest against sexual crimes is infringed or not becomes a common standard for interpretation in sexual crimes. The individual components specified in each criminal law provision serve as a guide for interpreting the meaning of the victim’s consent. The subject of consent is the victim himself, and the consent is valid only if the victim has sexual values and a judgmental ability to exercise the right to sexual self-determination. The victim’s consent must be present at the time of the sexual act. The victim’s consent does not necessarily have to be explicit and is sufficient if expressed in a recognizable form to the offender, even in an implicit form. The victim’s consent is an agreement with the offender on when and where to engage in sexual acts and approval to sexual attempts by the actor that accompany such sexual acts. In principle, consent to sexual act should be judged for each specific act implemented. The right to sexual self-determination includes the right to decide for oneself how to engage in sexual act. Therefore, even if the victim has agreed to the sexual act itself, it cannot be concluded that the victim has comprehensively agreed to the method of sexual activity in a way that the victim does not want. Even if the victim has agreed to a sexual activity in advance, the consent may be withdrawn at any time. According to the Supreme Court precedent, the existence of a victim’s consent should be determined concretely and individually based on whether the victim’s sexual freedom or right to sexual self-determination has been infringed by the act when comprehensively considering various circumstances such as the circumstances and manner of the act, the age of the victim, and the circumstances at the time of the crime. Consent as the object this determination refers to something that is not only purely factual but is normatively valid. Therefore, the judgment of the existence or absence goes through the following two steps: 1) to determine whether the victim’s consent existed in reality at the time of the defendant’s sexual attempt(the phase of deciding de facto existence of consent); and 2) even if consent exists, to determine whether the consent is invalid by examining whether the victim’s right to sexual self-determination can be considered to have been infringed in light of the specific and individual circumstances of the matter (the phase of determining the validity of consent). Specifically, in sexual crime trial practice, the relationship between the defendant and the victim, the age, personal history, and disposition of the victim, the circumstances of the meeting on the day of the incident, the circumstances at the time of the sexual act, the manner of the act, and the circumstances after the act are used as judgment factors to determine whether there is consent or not. In the cases of rape and indecent act by compulsion, the absence of the victim’s consent can be seen as an objective requisite elements of the crime that is not explicitly described and is closely related to violence or intimidation, which is a means of action and is the object of intent. In a rape crime trial, the claim of the victim’s consent may be unfolded in following ways: 1) there was consent for sex, and that there was no violence or intimidation; 2) there was violence or intimidation, but there was consent for sexual activity (the claim that it was a pre-agreed method of sexual conduct and the claim that there was no causal relationship between violence, intimidation, and sexual intercourse and that there was violence...

청소년대상 성폭력범죄 처벌규정의 현황과 개선방안

이천현 ( Lee Cheon-hyun ) 한국소년정책학회 2009 소년보호연구 Vol.12 No.-

The current laws that state the punishment policy on the sexual crimes against juveniles include the following: Criminal Act, Act on the Punishment of Sexual Crimes and Protection of Victims Thereof, Act on the Prevention of Juveniles from Sexual Abuse, Child Welfare Act, and Act on the Aggravated Punishment, etc. of Specific Crimes. However, according to the current system, the punishment policy on the sexual crime against juveniles, basically, is not separated from that against adults. In other words, the penal code of criminal act and criminal special act apply for all of the ages of recipients and do not distinguish adult and juvenile. Special penal code for under 20 year old and 13 year old, exceptionally, are only existed. Act on the Prevention of Juveniles from Sexual Abuse provides a part of aggravated punishment penal code for the Under 19 year old juveniles and Child Welfare Act, and Act on the Aggravated Punishment, etc. of Specific Crimes provides related penal codes as well. Since those punishment policies on the sexual crimes including the crime against juveniles exist in many laws in various forms, a number of issues have been brought -- for example, an imbalance of statutory penalty, a difficulty of legal applications, unfair punishments, a difficulty of solving a legal conflict between penal code and criminal special act, a decrease of the effect of an incongruity on the punishment policy, a concern of excessive punishments, and etc. Thus, this paper synthetically investigates the contents of the sexual crimes that have lied in many laws in various forms, especially the policy of the sexual crime against juveniles under 20 years old, and provides the solutions of them.

제8회 한,중 형법 국제 학술심포지엄 : 성윤리(性倫理)와 형법(刑法) -성풍속범죄(性風俗犯罪)에 대한 형법적(刑法的) 규제(規制)-

이경재 ( Kyung Jae Lee ) 한국비교형사법학회 2010 비교형사법연구 Vol.12 No.2

This article aims to analyse the statutes and cases as to sexual moral crimes which involve sexual ethics in society and make a proposal of idealistic sexual criminal law. Out current criminal law deals with sexual crimes in the way that divides sexual violent crimes with sexual moral crimes: the former violates the private right of sexual self-determination, and the latter decays the public decency. Of them the sexual moral crimes involve social environment and ethics. Especially the statues and cases of sexual moral crimes reflect social ever-changing ethics after 1990s and the perspectives of the scholars and specialists. And a various of NGO as well as interest groups have deeply involved with the legislation of kinds of sexual criminal laws just like Prostitution Act, Protection of Juvenile sex Act, Sexual Violence Act etc. To regulate sexual moral crimes reasonably, I suggest, needs the following alternative: to extract ethical element from the criminal law, respect the private right of sexual self-determination, keep alert about penal populism, and in the end, it is required that sexual moral crimes must be decriminalized and sex crimes are integrated in terms of the right of sexual self-determination.

일본의 성범죄 처벌규정에 관한 형법개정에 대하여

김잔디(Kim Jan Di) 대검찰청 2018 형사법의 신동향 Vol.0 No.59

2017년 6월 16일 일본에서는 성범죄 처벌규정의 개정을 골자로 하는 ‘형법의 일부를 개정하는 법률’이 성립하여 7월 13일부터 시행되었다. 1907년 일본 형법이 제정된 이후 처음으로 성범죄 처벌규정이 대폭 개정된 것이다. 형법 제정 후 110년 동안 집단에 의한 강간죄 등의 비친고죄화, 성범죄 처벌규정의 인상 등의 개정이 행해졌지만 기본적인 구성요건은 제정 당시와 동일한 틀을 유지하고 있었다. 하지만 이러한 규정들이 현재의 성범죄 실태를 제대로 반영하고 있지 않다고 비판되어 왔고, 이에 처벌상의 불균형을 해소하고 성범죄 피해자를 보호하기 위한 성범죄 처벌규정의 개정을 주장하는 목소리가 높아지게 되어 본 개정이 이루어지게 된 것이다. 주요 개정 내용은 ① 강간죄의 구성요건을 수정하고 법정형을 인상하여 ‘강제성교등(强制性交等)죄’를 신설한 것, ② 감호자음란 및 감호자성교등죄를 신설한 것, ③ 강도강간죄를 수정하여 강도·강제성교등의 죄를 신설한 것, ④ 강제음란죄, 강제성교등죄의 성범죄를 비친고죄로 한 것 등이라고 할 수 있다. 성범죄 처벌규정의 개정을 위한 입안단계, 국회 심의단계에서 실무가, 학자, 정신과의사, 임상심리전문가 뿐만 아니라 성범죄 피해자에 이르기까지 다양한 분야의 사람들의 의견을 반영하였다는 점이 높게 평가할 만하다고 하겠으며, 개정 내용은 우리나라 이론 및 실무에 시사하는 바가 크다고 생각된다. 이번 개정으로 일본의 이론은 물론 실무에도 큰 영향을 줄 것이라고 예측되며 앞으로의 적용이 주목된다. On June 16, 2017, the “Law Amending a Part of the Penal Code,” which mainly addresses the amendment of penalties for sex crimes, was enacted in Japan, and the law went into enforcement on July 13. Thus, the punishment for sexual crimes has been drastically revised for the first time since the enactment of the Japanese Penal Code in 1907, For 110 years after the enactment of the Penal Code, there were amendments such as toughening the penalties for sexual crimes and prescribing sexual crimes such as group rape as offences indictable without complaint. However, the basic constitutional requirements of the Penal Code had remained the same as when it was first enacted in 1907. Based on the criticism that existing penalties do not properly reflect the actual situation of current sexual crimes and in response to the heightened voices claiming for the amendment of penalties for sexual crimes, the amendment of the Penal Code was enacted to solve the imbalance of punishment between sexual crimes and other penal crimes and to protect sex crime victims. The main amendments were: (1) revising the consitutional requirements of rape and raising the statutory penalty to newly establish criminal laws on offences such as forced sexual intercourse; (2) establishing new criminal laws on offences such as obscene act and sexual intercourse of people in custody; (3) revising criminal laws on robbery rape to newly establish criminal laws on offences such as robbery and forced intercourse; (4) and prescribing sexual crimes such as forced obscene act and forced sexual intercourse as offences indictable without complaint. This amendment is highly appreciated in that it reflected the opinions of people from various fields including practitioners, scholars, psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists as well as sex crime victims in the drafting stage and the deliberation stage at the Parliament for revising the penalties for sexual crimes. The contents of the amendment have great implications for legal theories and practices in Korea. It is expected that this amendment will have a great impact on the penal theories and practices in Japan while its future application will be noted by the legal circles as well as the general public in Japan.

노인 성범죄자 현황 및 원인에 관한 연구

이은주(Eun Joo, lee),차시환(Si Hwan, Cha) 한국범죄심리학회 2021 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.17 No.4

과학기술의 발달은 경제적 성장뿐만 아니라 전반적인 사회 환경에 변화를 가져왔다. 특히, AI와 같은 최첨단 의료기술의 발전은 과거 불치병에 대한 인간의 한계를 띄어 넘게 하였으며, 그 결과 평균수명은 매년 증가하고 있다. 미국 워싱턴대학 의과대학 산하 보건계랑분석연구소(IHME)의 연구보고서에 의하면 전 세계적으로 출산율은 떨어지는 것에 반에 기대수명은 증가하여 노인 기준 연령으로 삼는 65세 이상 인구는 23억7000만 명으로 증가해 전 세계 인구의 25%를 차지할 것이라고 설명했다. 과학기술의 발달이 인간의 수명을 연장하였다는 장점을 가지는 반면 노인 인구 증가와 같은 새로운 사회적 문제를 야기하고 있다. 노인 인구의 증가로 인한 노인 자살, 노인 빈곤, 그리고 노인 범죄 등의 증가는 더 이상 간과할 수 없는 사회적 문제로 이슈화되었다. 특히, 신체적으로 젊어지고 건강한 노인인구의 증가로 인한 노인 성범죄 역시 중요한 사회적 문제로 제기되고 있다. 하지만 기존 연구들은 대부분 청소년들에 의해 발생하는 성범죄에 집중하여 그에 대한 연구결과를 제시하고 있으며, 성범죄자들에 대한 교정 및 치료방법의 대부분은 외국의 연구결과를 중심으로 성범죄예방 대책을 제시하고 있다(정민철·조영일, 2015: 89). 이러한 접근은 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 노인 성범죄의 특성을 이해하고 이에 대한 대책을 제시하는 데 한계점을 가진다. 이에 본 연구에서는 증가하고 있는 노인 범죄의 실태를 살펴보고 노인 범죄와 관련된 원인을 파악하고자 한다. 노인 범죄의 원인을 개인적, 심리적, 경제적 그리고 사회관계적 요인으로 구분하여, 이러한 요인이 노인 성범죄와 어떠한 관련이 있는지를 파악함으로써, 노인 성범죄자들의 교정 및 교화 프로그램의 효과성을 증대시키고 노인 성범죄 예방을 위한 대안을 제시하는데 목적을 가진다. 또한 본 연구에서는 급증하고 있는 노인 성범죄를 예방하기 위한 대책을 다음과 같이 제시하고자 한다. 첫째, 노인 성범죄자에 대한 일자리 창출 지원을 통한 노인 삶의 질 향상을 도모해야 한다. 둘째, 노인 성범죄자들의 사회적 고립을 예방하고 사회적 유대를 강화시키기 위한 지방자치단체 및 복지기관 중심의 대책 및 프로그램을 개발하여야 한다. 셋째, 노인 성범죄자들의 욕구를 정확히 파악하고 그에 따른 정책적 제안을 제시할 수 있는 능력을 향상시키기 위한 노인 성범죄자 전담기구 설치해야 한다. Advancement of science and technology brought not only economic growth but also changes in the overall social environment. In particular, advancement of cutting-edge medical technologies such as AI enabled the overcoming of human limitations for incurable diseases of the past. As a result, the average life expectancy of human beings is increasing every year. According to the research report by the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) of the Medical College of Washington State University, USA, while the birth rate is declining, life expectancy is increasing throughout the world. As such, the report explains that the number of people over the age of 65 years, which is used as the threshold for classification as elderly, will increase to 2.37 billion and account for 25% of the total population of the world. Although such scientific advancement has the benefits of having an increased life expectancy of human beings, it is also inducing new social issues, such as an increase in elderly crimes. Increase in the suicide, poverty and crimes among elderlies arising from an increase in the elderly population has become social issues that can no longer be overlooked. In particular, sexual crimes by elderlies arising from the increase in the physically younger and healthier elderly population are also emerging as an important social issue. However, the majority of the existing studies are focusing on sexual crimes committed by adolescents and presenting results of the studies thereof, and a majority of corrective and therapeutic methods for the sexual offenders are proposing means of preventing sexual crimes with a focus on the results of studies conducted in overseas countries(Min chul Jung & Young Il Cho, 2015:89). Such an approach has limitations in understanding the characteristics of and proposing countermeasures for continually increasing sexual crimes by elderlies. Therefore, this study is aimed at the examination of the actual state of and assessment of causes related to elderly crimes that are on the rise. For this purpose, this study will discern the correlation between personal, psychological, economic and social relational factors, and sexual crimes by elderlies in order to enhance the effectiveness of corrective and edification of elderly sexual offenders and to present measures to prevent recurrence of sexual crimes by elderlies. In conclusion, this study proposes the following countermeasures to prevent sexual crimes by elderlies currently undergoing a rapid increase. First, it is necessary to improve the quality of the elderly’s life through the provision of support for the creation of job opportunities for elderly sexual offenders. Second, local autonomous government and welfare institute-centered countermeasures and programs aimed at preventing social isolation and strengthening of the social bond of elderly sexual offenders need to be developed. Third, the establishment of an exclusive organization for elderly criminals tasked with the accurate assessment of the desires of elderly criminals and an improvement of the capabilities for the presentation of the policy proposals thereof is needed.

미디어 노출 정도에 따른 디지털 성범죄 인식에 미치는 영향

김미선 한국중독범죄학회 2020 한국중독범죄학회보 Vol.10 No.4

디지털 성범죄는 피해자가 주로 여성이고, 성적 영상물이 미디어에 노출되면 영구삭제가 불가능하다는 점에서 심각한 젠더폭력에 해당된다. 하지만 여전히 디지털 성범죄를 장난 혹 은 남성 집단의 놀이문화로 생각하는 등 디지털 성범죄에 대한 낮은 죄의식과 인식 부족이 관 련 범죄를 확산시킨다고 볼 수 있다. 이미 많은 연구에서도 디지털 성범죄를 예방하기 위해 일차적으로 범죄에 대한 정확한 이해와 인식 개선의 필요성을 강조하고 있다. 따라서 이 연구 는 현 시점에서 디지털 성범죄에 대한 국민의 인식 수준이 어느 정도인지 살펴보고자 하였다. 특히 디지털 성범죄의 유포행위는 인터넷 등 미디어 공간을 활용한다는 점에서 미디어 이용 자에 따른 디지털 성범죄에 대한 인식 차이가 있는지 검증하고, 이를 토대로 예방 대책을 마 련하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 음란물의 접촉 빈도가 높거나 음란물을 타인에게 공유한 경험이 있다고 응답한 사람은 본인 스스로 디지털 성범죄를 잘 알고 있다고 인지하는 것으로 나타났다. 디지털 성범 죄에 대한 정확한 이해는 해당 범죄의 가해 및 피해를 예방할 수 있다. 하지만 음란물 등 유 해매체를 통해 디지털 성범죄를 이해했다면 자칫 왜곡된 정보일 가능성을 배제할 수 없을 것 이다. 디지털 성범죄에 대한 잘못된 개념 정립은 오히려 관련 범죄를 악용하거나 단순한 놀이 문화로 인식될 수 있다는 점을 고려하여 디지털 성범죄에 대한 태도를 형성하는데 있어서 정 보를 주로 어디서부터 얻게 되는지가 무엇보다 중요함을 시사한다. 따라서 미디어의 올바른 이용 촉진을 위한 미디어 리터러시 교육을 강조하였다. Digital sexual crime is a serious gender violence in that the victim is mainly female. Since digital sexual crimes are regarded as a male play culture, it can be seen that the low guilt and lack of awareness about digital sex crimes spreads related crimes. Many studies have already emphasized the need to improve accurate understanding and awareness of crimes in order to prevent digital sexual crimes. Therefore, this study attempted to examine the level of public perception of digital sexual crimes at the present time. In particular, since the dissemination of digital sexual crimes uses media spaces such as the Internet, it was examined whether there was a difference in perception of digital sexual crimes among media users, and based on this, it was intended to prepare preventive measures. As a result, it was found that those who responded that the frequency of contact with pornography was high or that they had experience of sharing pornography with others perceived that they were well aware of digital sexual crimes. Accurate understanding of digital sexual crimes can prevent of sexual crimes. However, if sexual crimes were understood through harmful media such as pornography, the possibility of distorted information could not be excluded. Misunderstanding of digital sexual crimes can be perceived as a simple play culture or abuse of crime. Therefore, media literacy education was emphasized to promote the correct use of media.

Consideration of Policies Designed to Prevent Sexual Assault CRIMES against Children with Disabilities in KOREA

Choi Pan-am,Lee Kwon-ho J-INSTITUTE 2017 Public Value Vol.2 No.1

Korea has strengthened inspection of respective social welfare facilities and schools for handicapped and disabled across the country in response to the emergence of sexual assault crime against children with disabili-ties as a social issue. Children with disabilities often find it painful to live with disabilities, but are unable to pro-tect or defense themselves or are sometimes unaware that they are being victimized due to their mental ill-nesses and physical disabilities, etc. Even if when they want to claim that they have fallen victim to by sexual assault crime, they do not know how to come forward and make their cases. Another problem is that perpetra-tors of sexual assault crime against children with disabilities are not punished and that compensation and treatment are not provided properly to those children, the victims of sexual assault crimes. In addition, sexual assault crimes committed against children with disabilities pose many problems in whole processes until the cases are closed. To resolve such problems, the priority would need to be given to under-standing the specificity of children with disabilities in the process of crime cases. Efforts need to be made con-stantly to establish the system ensuring thorough investigation and imposing strong punishment on perpetra-tors of sexual assault crime against children with disabilities and to improve human rights for persons with dis-abilities. Thus, this study was intended to identify current status and problems of sexual assault crimes perpe-trated against children with disabilities and to propose measures at policy level for prevention of such sexual assault crimes. When the sexual assault crime against children with disabilities was brought up as a social issue, it was pos-sible to see controversies swirling and then subsiding over time. Therefore, long-term policies need to be mapped out constantly for prevention of sexual assault crimes, instead of one-time countermeasure, to funda-mentally resolve the issue of sexual assault crimes perpetrated against children with disabilities. For the purpose, first of all, it is necessary to understand the specificity of children with disabilities and re-flect it in the process where cases of such crimes are handled. Additionally, more stringent punishment and expeditious and precise investigation would be needed in making response to sexual assault crime against chil-dren with disabilities. Moreover, the new government would need to devise comprehensive measures in paral-lel with practical support through amendment of Social Welfare Service Act so as to ensure human right protec-tion for children with disabilities.

딥페이크 성범죄 피해자 보호를 위한 법제도적 개선 방안

류부곤 한국피해자학회 2024 被害者學硏究 Vol.32 No.3

Deepfake sexual crimes are a representative example of how the rapid advancement of technology has outpaced ethical awareness and educational standards. They also clearly illustrate how new technologies create new problems. The critical issue lies in the fact that the improvement of ethical awareness and education levels tends to be slow or, in some cases, fails entirely, while the challenges posed by technological advancement continue to evolve even as countermeasures are being sought. Furthermore, once a deepfake sexual crime occurs, it is extremely difficult to prevent the spread of harm and restore the victim’s dignity. This underscores the necessity for proactive and preemptive measures to protect victims of deepfake sexual crimes. In South Korea, the existing substantive criminal laws concerning deepfake sexual crimes can be considered relatively thorough. However, there are still many aspects of the legal framework that require further discussion to effectively suppress such crimes early and actively protect victims. This article makes several suggestions in light of these issues. First, to deter crimes and ensure early suppression, it is necessary to adopt proactive and innovative investigative methods, such as online searches and undercover operations. While these methods raise concerns about potential infringements of fundamental rights and the abuse of public authority, they cannot be overlooked given the evolving nature of deepfake sexual crimes. Nevertheless, careful legislative review must be conducted to address these concerns. Second, to protect victims, it is essential to ensure that they receive information related to their victimization promptly. Legal adjustments should also enable telecommunication service providers to monitor non-public communication networks, such as private chatrooms. Considering the proliferative nature of deepfake sexual crimes, such preventive and preemptive measures are especially crucial. Additionally, legal protective measures akin to interim measures for protecting victims of stalking crimes should be considered. Lastly, as an ancillary approach to suppress the occurrence of deepfake sexual crimes, the implementation of regulations such as mandatory labeling for generative AI technology itself should be actively explored.