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“2007년 과학” 대 “2008년 정치”?: 광우병 논쟁과 과학 자문의 정치 문화
하대청 ( Dae Cheong Ha ) 한국과학사학회 2015 한국과학사학회지 Vol.37 No.3
The safety standard on beef imports, to which the Lee Myung-Bak administration agreed in a negotiation with the United States in 2008, caused largescale protests of citizens who had concerns about the possible risk of mad cow disease. This newly-settled standard was criticized as ignoring the more strict standard suggested by an expert advisory committee in 2007. It was assumed that the “political” power in 2008, expecting that the US Congress would ratify the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement, must have subdued the “scientific” advices of experts in 2007. This paper, regarding this situation as a tricky but significant controversy about the relationship between scientific advice and policy-making, analyzes the detailed practices of an expert advisory committee and a consultation meeting with stakeholders called the Animal Disease Control Council. This will show that scientific advice was entangled with political and cultural considerations, and especially that economic globalization contributed to a specific configuration related to the scientific advice on mad cow disease. This paper finally argues that the political culture of scientific advice deserves more attention, as it not only helps explain the controversy over mad cow disease but also disclose diverse factors underlying constraining risk assessment and the negotiation and boundary-making with policy-making.
생명공학에 관한 공적논쟁과 유럽연합 : 유전자변형농작물(GMO)의 위험성평가 관련전문지식에 대한 고찰
김태수 한국외국어대학교 EU연구소 2014 EU연구 Vol.- No.37
Inside scientific communities, controversies and conflicts around potential risk of Genetically Modified Organism persist since long before and they are also structuralized in controversial expertises on "right" GMO regulation. In this article, we analyse controversies and conflict composition of scientific field related to GMO and examine how the expertise based on molecular biology, which actually lead biotechnological progress, has become the dominant norm on GMO regulation system. And by the light of two cases studies of scientific controversies on the risk estimation of GMOs, we will try to raise a series of questions about composition principle of GMO expert panel of European Union, independency and transparence in the making of scientific expertise of that panel. 유전자변형 농작물(GMO)이 자연환경과 인간보건에 끼칠 수 있는 잠재적 위험을 둘러싼 이견과 갈등은 과학계 내부에서 오래 전부터 존재해왔으며 이는 GMO에 대한 ‘올바른’ 규제에 대한 전문지식 간의 대립으로 구조화되었다. 이 논문에서는 GMO의 위험평가와 관련된 과학계의 논쟁과 대립구도를 분석하고 바이오테크놀로지 분야의 발전을 선도하는 분자생물학계가 주도하는 전문지식이 GMO에 대한 지배적 규범으로 정착되는 과정을 살핀다. 또한 두개의 대표적인 과학계 내부 논쟁사례를 통하여 유럽연합의 GMO 위험성 평가 전문가 집단의 구성 원칙에 대한 문제제기 및 유럽연합의 GMO 관련 전문지식의 독립성과 투명성 문제를 조명한다.
박순성 ( Sun Song Park ) 북한연구학회 2013 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.17 No.1
This paper describes the formation process of ``the actor-network of the attack against ROK ship Cheonan`` and presents three characteristics (unstability, an actor-network of actor-networks, performativity) of the division system in the Korean Peninsula. After the Cheonan accident (March 26, 2010), the Korean government announced the investigation result that the ROK ship Cheonan had been sunk due to a torpedo launched by a North Korean midget submarine, and proposed a problematization which calls North Korea to assume the responsibility of the attack. In the beginning, the Korean government was in a state of disorder and had a great difficulty in organizing a reliable investigation process and proposing a pertinent problematization. Besides, the investigation results and problematization of the Korean government encountered a lot of scientific criticism and political resistance from the inside and outside of South Korea. The construction of ``the actor-network of the attack against ROK ship Cheonan`` intended by the Korean government was failed. But, an artillery bombardment to the Yeonpyeong island by North Korea (November 23, 2010) and the following military tension in the Korean Peninsula gave an opportunity that ``the actor-network of the attack against ROK ship Cheonan`` was beginning to stabilize. This process of failure and stabilization shows that the division system in the Korean peninsula interpreted as an actor-network is substantially unstable and this unstability of the division system is being controlled by the performativity of the actor-network of the division system itself.