Structural symmetry changes in SmB₆ - 2D correlation spectroscopy and principal component analysis

Nguyen, Thi Huyen,Nguyen, Thi Minh Hien,Kang, Boyoun,Cho, Beongki,Park, Yeonju,Jung, Young Mee,Yang, In-Sang Elsevier 2018 Journal of molecular structure Vol.1165 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>2D correlation analysis (2DCOS) and principal component analysis (PCA) have been performed on temperature-dependent Raman spectra from 12 K to 300 K of SmB<SUB>6</SUB> single crystals grown from Boron with a purity of 99.9% (3N) or 99.9999% (6N). Significant differences in the Raman spectra of SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(3N) and SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(6N) are observed. The Raman active T<SUB>2g</SUB>, E<SUB>g</SUB>, and A<SUB>1g</SUB> modes of SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(3N) are broader and shift to higher wavenumbers compared with those of SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(6N). The results of 2DCOS and PCA on temperature-dependent Raman spectra of SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(3N) and SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(6N) give us further information. We find that all the T<SUB>2g</SUB>, E<SUB>g</SUB>, and A<SUB>1g</SUB> modes of SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(6N) are single bands, while those of SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(3N) show all doublet features. The appearance of multiple bands in Raman vibrational modes of SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(3N) sample implies that the structure of boron octahedra of the SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(3N) has lower symmetry than that of SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(6N). Our findings in 2DCOS and PCA of the Raman spectra strongly support the differences in the behavior of SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(3N) and SmB<SUB>6</SUB>(6N).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The symmetry of the boron octahedra in SmB<SUB>6</SUB> is found to be lowered by small amount of impurities in boron ingredient. </LI> <LI> Raman spectra of SmB<SUB>6</SUB> single crystals strongly depend on the Boron purity. </LI> <LI> 2DCOS and PCA show the multiple bands in the Raman modes of SmB6 made of 99.9% (3N) boron. </LI> </UL> </P>

(R)-케토프로펜과 (S)- 케토프로펜 분리를 위한 유사 이동층 크로마토그래피의 전산모사

이일송(Il Song Lee),이인수(In Su Lee),김인호(In Ho Kim) 한국생물공학회 2014 KSBB Journal Vol.29 No.4

A simulation study for finding purity changes of extract and raffinate as well as the best purity of (S)-ketoprofen in simulated moving bed (SMB) was performed with changing parameters of m2 and m3 from triangle theory. Aspen simulator allowed separation process simulation of (R)- and (S)-ketoprofen in SMB and compared 4-bed SMB and 8-bed SMB based on the same Henry constant and mass transfer coefficient. The 4-bed SMB consisted of 4 columns (200 mm of length, 10 mm of diameter) and the 8-bed SMB constructed by 8 columns (100 mm of length, 10 mm of diameter), and therefore total column length was made the same as 800 mm. Considering purities of both (R)-and (S)-ketoprofen, both 4-bed SMB and 8-bed SMB had the best purity when m2 and m3 were on 12.0 and 13.0 in the center of triangle. Taking only (S)-ketoprofen into account, 4-bed SMB as well as 8-bed SMB had the best purity when m2 and m3 were on 10.9 and 12.6 in the left outside triangle, and their purities were 93.3 % for 4-bed SMB and 96.9 % for 8-bed SMB.

교원의 보직 유무에 따른 중소기업특성화고 인력양성사업 성과 목표 우선순위 비교 연구

이병욱,이상현 대한공업교육학회 2018 대한공업교육학회지 Vol.43 No.2

The purposes of this study are to importance and performance of performance goal of workforce training project of SMB Specialized Vocational High Schools by existence of teaching staff's assignment and compare difference of the priority for performance goal of two groups by IPA. Research problems for them are as follows. First, how about differences of the importance for performance goal of workforce training project of SMB Specialized Vocational High Schools by existence of teaching staff's assignment? Second, how about differences of the performance for performance goal of workforce training project of SMB Specialized Vocational High Schools by existence of teaching staff's assignment? Third, how about differences of the priority for performance goal of workforce training project of SMB Specialized Vocational High Schools by existence of teaching staff's assignment? Results obtained by this study are as follows. First, performance goal of workforce training project of SMB Specialized Vocational High Schools that teaching staffs recognize the most importantly regardless of the existence of assignment was 'improvement of students' adaptation to the filed' in area of 'employment competency strengthening'. Second, performance goal of workforce training project of SMB Specialized Vocational High Schools that teaching staffs recognize the degree of high performance regardless of the existence of assignment was 'expansion of SMB employment opportunity' in area of ‘employment connection'. Third, regardless of the existence of teaching staff's assignment, areas of high priority in performance goal of workforce training project of SMB Specialized Vocational High Schools were 'improvement of teaching staff's understanding for SMB' and 'improvement of SMB understanding for Specialized Vocational High School' in area of ‘improvement of SMB mind for Specialized Vocational high School'. 이 연구는 교원의 보직 유무에 따른 중소기업특성화고 인력양성사업의 성과 목표에 대한 중요 정도와 수행 정도를 비교하고, IPA기법을 통해 두 집단의 성과 목표에 대한 우선순위 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 설정한 연구 문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교원의 보직 유무에 따른 중소기업특성화고 인력양성사업의 성과 목표에 대한 중요 정도의 차이는 어떠한가? 둘째, 교원의 보직 유무에 따른 중소기업특성화고 인력양성사업의 성과 목표에 대한 수행 정도의 차이는 어떠한가? 셋째, 교원의 보직 유무에 따른 중소기업특성화고 인력양성사업의 성과 목표에 대한 우선순위의 차이는 어떠한가? 이 연구를 통해 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보직 유무와 관계없이 교원들이 가장 중요하게 인식하는 중소기업 특성화고 인력양성사업의 성과 목표는 ‘취업역량강화’ 영역의 ‘학생의 현장적응력 제고’인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 보직 유무와 관계없이 교원들이 수행 정도가 높다고 인식하는 중소기업 특성화고 인력양성사업의 성과 목표는 ‘취업연계’영역의 ‘중소기업 취업 기회 확대’인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중소기업특성화고 인력양성사업 성과 목표에서 우선순위를 두어야할 영역에 대해 교원의 보직 유무와 관계없이 ‘중소기업 특성화고 마인드 제고’영역의 ‘중소기업에 대한 교원의 이해 증진’, ‘특성화고에 대한 중소기업의 이해 증진’의 우선순위가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

중소기업 특성화고 인력양성사업의 '중소기업 이해 프로그램'에 대한 적절성 분석 연구

조혜숙,이병욱,이호정,송경한 한국기술교육학회 2018 한국기술교육학회지 Vol.18 No.3

This study was to examine the 'Understanding Small and Medium Businesses(SMB) Program' run by the Small and Medium Businesses(SMB) administration subsidy the human resource development program(HRDP) in specialized vocational high schools. The goal was to analyze the appropriateness of the program’s proposed goal and programs’ content and evaluation to suggest improvements. To this end, this study selected 105 industrial field and agriculture and life industrial specialized schools, which conducted the ‘Understanding SMB Program’ of the HRDP targeting SMB-specialized vocational high schools for two years from 2016 to 2017. The results of the analysis of the selected schools' reports and the planning based on the framework of the program using Tyler's educational program development model are as follows: First, regarding the appropriateness of the program’s proposed goal, 47.6% of the schools did not present clear directions regarding what can be learned and what should be done in the program. Second, regarding the appropriateness of the program, 50.4% of the schools presented programs such as etiquette camps and startup mind-building programs, rather than programs related to the Understanding SMB Program. In addition, 63.8% of the schools showed that the Understanding SMB Program was conducted only for the students in most of the schools, and not for the teachers and parents who had an influence on their career. In the diversity of program’s content, 46.6% of the schools analyzed did not reflect the purpose of the program, and only conducted camps at external training institutes, showing no effort to operate the program in accordance with the characteristics of the school. Third, regarding the improvement of the Understanding SMB Program, 46.7% of the schools did not provide an index to examine the performance of the participants after implementing the Understanding SMB Program. In addition, 34.3% of the schools did not provide performance evaluation and feedback regarding the program. 이 연구는 중소기업 특성화고 인력양성사업에서 운영되고 있는 ‘중소기업 이해 프로그램’의 목표 제시와 프로그램의 내용 및 평가의 적절성을 분석하고 개선점을 제안하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 2016년, 2017년 2년 동안 중소기업 특성화고 인력양성사업의 ‘중소기업 이해 프로그램’을 운영하고 있는 공업과 농·생명산업 계열의 특성화고 105개 학교를 연구 대상으로 선정하였다. 이 연구에서 사용된 도구는 Tyler의 교육프로그램 개발 모형을 기반으로 개발한 중소기업 이해 프로그램의 분석틀이다. 구체적인 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중소기업 이해 프로그램 목표의 적절성 항목에서 분석 대상 학교의 47.6%가 중소기업 이해 프로그램에서 무엇을 학습해야하고 어떠한 능력을 배양할 수 있는지에 대해 명확한 방향을 제시하지 않았다. 둘째, 프로그램 내용의 적절성 항목에서 분석 대상 학교의 50.4%는 중소기업에 대한 이해와 다소 거리가 있는 예절 캠프, 창업마인드 형성 등의 프로그램을 편성하여 운영하였다. 그리고 프로그램의 참여 대상의 적정성 항목에서 분석 대상 학교의 63.8%는 학생만을 대상으로 중소기업 이해 프로그램을 진행하였고 학생들의 진로에 영향을 미치는 교사나 학부모를 대상으로 교육이 이루어지지 않았다. 또한, 프로그램의 다양성 항목에서 분석 대상 학교의 46.6%는 본 사업 참여 목적 또는 특성을 반영하지 않고 외부 연수업체를 통한 캠프만을 실시하여 학교의 정체성에 부합한 프로그램 운영 노력을 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 중소기업에 대한 이해도 향상 항목에서 분석 대상 학교의 46.7%는 중소기업 이해 교육 프로그램을 실시한 후에 관련성과를 살펴보는 지표를 제시하지 않았다. 그리고 중소기업 이해 프로그램의 성과평가 및 환류 항목에서 분석 대상 학교의 34.3%는 운영 프로그램의 성과 및 환류 실적이 없었다.

Modified simulated moving bed chromatography with two pumps for sugar separation

송재룡,박혁민,김진일,Ngoc Lan Mai,구윤모 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.1

A modified SMB system composed of two pumps was developed for the separation of L-ribose and Larabinose from its binary mixture. In two-pump SMB operation, the flow rates required for separation in every column zones and product ports are identical to those in conventional SMB equipped with four pumps and are controlled by appropriate operation of valves during a cycle of switching time. The purity, yield and enrichment of sugars obtained by two-pump SMB separation were comparable to that of conventional SMB. The two-pump SMB system is therefore considered to be more economically efficient than conventional SMB by reducing the cost for SMB installation and pump operation.

Recovery of ionic liquid and sugars from hydrolyzed biomass using ion exclusion simulated moving bed chromatography

Mai, Ngoc Lan,Nguyen, Nam Trung,Kim, Jin-Il,Park, Hyuk-Min,Lee, Sung-Kyun,Koo, Yoon-Mo Elsevier 2012 Journal of Chromatography A Vol.1227 No.-

<P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Ionic liquid was successfully separated from aqueous sugar mixtures by ion exclusion SMB. ► Ionic liquid and sugar recovery yield depend on the SMB zone flow rates. ► Complete recovery of ionic liquid could be obtained by optimization of SMB zone configuration.</P> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Efficient recovery of ionic liquid (IL) from aqueous mixture of ILs and sugars (which derived from enzymatic or chemical catalyzed hydrolysis of ILs-pretreated biomass) is a major drawback for commercialization of biofuel and platform chemicals production from biomass utilized ILs as pretreatment solvent. In this study, simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography equipped with ion exclusion column (containing [Emim]<SUP>+</SUP> cation) was investigated to separate sugars (glucose and xylose) which are the main products from biomass hydrolysate and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimAc) which is the ILs used for biomass pretreatment. A four-zone SMB system with a configuration of 2-2-2-2 (2 ion exclusion columns in each zone) was used to recover glucose, xylose and EmimAc from their aqueous mixture with yield of 71.38, 99.37 and 98.92%, respectively. Moreover, the optimization of SMB zone configuration by simulation results in a complete recovery of ILs. This result indicates that for the first time, ion exclusion SMB chromatography could be used for complete recovery of ILs from aqueous sugar mixture.</P>

Improvement of the performances of a tandem simulated moving bed chromatography by controlling the yield level of a key product of the first simulated moving bed unit

Mun, S.,Wang, N.H.L. Elsevier 2017 Journal of chromatography Vol.1488 No.-

<P>One of the trustworthy processes for ternary separation is a tandem simulated moving bed (SMB) process, which consists of two subordinate four-zone SMB units (Ring I and Ring II). To take full advantage of a tandem SMB as a means of recovering all three products with high purities and high economical efficiency, it is important to understand how the separation condition in Ring Il is affected by that in Ring I, and further to reflect such point in the stage of designing a tandem SMB. In regard to such issue, it was clarified in this study that the Ring I factors affecting the Ring II condition could be represented by the yield level of a key product of Ring I (Y-key(Ring I)). As the Y-key(Ring I) level became higher, the amount of the Ring I key-product that was reloaded into Ring II was reduced, which affected favorably the Ring II separation condition. On the other hand, the higher YkRelyngl level caused a larger dilution for the stream from Ring Ito Ring II, which affected adversely the Ring II separation condition. As a result, a minimum in the desorbent usage of a tandem SMB occurred at the Y-key(Ring I) level where the two aforementioned factors could be balanced with each other. If such an optimal Y-key(Ring I) level was adopted, the desorbent usage could be reduced by up to 25%. It was also found that as the throughput of a tandem SMB became higher, the factor related to the migration of the Ring I key-product into Ring II was more influential in the performances of a tandem SMB than the factor related to the dilution-of the stream from Ring Ito Ring II. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Separation of D-psicose and D-fructose using simulated moving bed chromatography

Van Duc Long, Nguyen,Le, Thai-Hoang,Kim, Jin-Il,Lee, Ju Weon,Koo, Yoon-Mo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Journal of Separation Science Vol.32 No.11

<P>Simulated moving bed (SMB) processes have been widely used in the sugar industries with ion-exchange resin as a stationary phase. D-Psicose, a rare monosaccharide known as a valuable pharmaceutical substrate, was synthesized by the enzymatic conversion from D-fructose. The SMB process was adopted to separate D-psicose from D-fructose. Before the SMB experiment, the reaction mixture including D-psicose and D-fructose was treated by a deashing process to remove contaminants, such as buffers, proteins, and other organic materials. Four columns packed with Dowex 50WX4-Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> (200–400 mesh) ion-exchange resins were used in the four-zone SMB. Single-step frontal analysis was performed to estimate the isotherm parameters of each monosaccharide. The operating conditions of the SMB process were determined based on the Equilibrium Theory. According to the simulation of the SMB process, the purity and yield of extract product (D-psicose) achieved were 99.04 and 97.46%, respectively and those of raffinate product (D-fructose) were 99.06 and 99.53%, respectively. Under the optimized operating condition, complete separation (extract purity = 99.36%, raffinate purity = 99.67%) was achieved experimentally.</P>

An Optimization Strategy for Nonlinear Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography: Multi-Level Optimization Procedure (MLOP)

임영일 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.21 No.4

This paper presents a multi-level optimization strategy to obtain optimum operating conditions (four flow-rates and cycle time) of nonlinear simulated moving bed chromatography. The multi-level optimization procedure(MLOP) approaches systematically from initialization to optimization with two objective functions (productivity anddesorbent consumption), employing the standing wave analysis, the true moving bed (TMB) model and the simulatedmoving bed (SMB) model. The procedure is constructed on a non-worse solution property advancing level by leveland its solution does not mean a global optimum. That is, the lower desorbent consumption under the higher pro-ductivity is successively obtained on the basis of the SMB model, as the two SMB-model optimizations are repeatedby using a standard SQP (sucessive quadratic programing) algorithm. This approach takes advantage of the TMBmodel as well as surmounts shortcomings of the TMB model in the general case of any nonlinear adsorption isothermusing the SMB model. The MLOP is evaluated on two nonlinear SMB cases characterized by i) quasi-linear/non-equilibrium and ii) nonlinear/nonequilibrium model. For the two cases, the MLOP yields a satisfactory solution forhigh productivity and low desorbent consumption within required purities.

정부의 중소기업 지원정책과 기업성과의 상관성 분석

오상영(Oh, Sang-Young),홍현기(Hong, Hyun-Gi),전제란(Chun, Je-Ran) 한국산학기술학회 2009 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.10 No.7

한국정부의 중소기업 정책에 대한 기업의 성과를 분석하였다. 중소기업의 지원 정책 과제를 창의와 혁신주 도의 역동적인 중소기업군 육성, 기술경영혁신 활동 및 협력활동 강화, 자금․인력․판로 등 성장기반 구축 등 3가지로 분류한 후 기업의 성과(사업성과, 기술성과, 정책만족)와 비교하여 정책의 영향도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과 정부가 추 진하는 중소기업 정책에 대한 기업의 성과의 특징은 자금 지원 분야였다. 전체 24개 측정 변수에서 연구 결과 중 가 장 유의미한 변수로 선정된 5개 변수는 1)벤처,이노비즈,경영혁신형기업 육성, 2)지식기반서비스 육성자금 지원, 3)기 술 연구개발 지원, 4)경영안정자금 지원, 5)공공부문의 중소기업 판로 지원이었다. 이 중 3개 변수가 자금 지원정책으 로 자금 지원 정책이 기업의 성과에 많은 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. In this paper we analyzed the management performance as the result of the korean government's support policy for the small and medium sized business (SMB). The governmental support policy was carried out for the companies classified in 3 criterion. The first is the upbringing of dynamic SMB group, which are driven by creativity and innovation. The second is the enforcement of technology-innovation and cooperation for SMB. The last is the establishment of the growth basis for SMB like funds, human resources and distribution channels. After categorization of above 3 classes, the affect of support policy on the management performance is analyzed, in terms of 3 aspects, management performance, technical performance and policy satisfaction. This study shows that the governmental support policy has the remarkable effects on the financial support sector of SMB. The 5 major sectors, 1) the upbinging of venture-innobiz innovation company, 2) rearing funds of knowledge-based service company, 3) R&D support, 4) support of management stability fund, 5) expansion of distribution channel to the public sector, are designed from 24 variables. The 3 sectors of these 5 are have the main influences from governmental support policy.