DEMATEL과 ANP 기법을 이용한 SIAM 프레임워크의 핵심 프로세스 도출 연구

염명현,박광남,허상무,김우제 한국정보기술학회 2019 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.1

Recently, business departments try to respond to market changes by introducing cloud services. However, if the introduction of services by the business department increases, similar services may be introduced in duplicate and internal IT services and external services cannot be integratedly managed. In the UK, Service Integration and Management(SIAM) framework has been established to manage both internal and external IT services in an integrated manner. However, since there is no guidance on which process to start with and how much to concentrate on each process when introducing the SIAM for the first time, many trial and error and difficulties are expected. In this paper, we analyzed the influence relationship between SIAM processes and derived the core processes by using DEMATEL and ANP. When introducing the SIAM framework early on, we expect it to be an efficient introduction if we introduce the core processes extracted in this research first. 기업의 현업 부서들은 경쟁력을 강화하기 위하여 IT 부서에 의존하지 않고 클라우드 서비스를 도입하고 있다. IT 부서는 내부 IT 서비스를 최상으로 제공하기 위하여 ITIL을 적용하고 있다. 현업의 외부 IT 서비스 도입이 증가되면서, ITIL만으로는 내, 외부 IT서비스를 통합적으로 관리할 수 없는 문제점이 나타나기 시작하였다. 영국에서는 내, 외부 IT 서비스를 통합적으로 관리할 수 있는 SIAM 프레임워크를 제정하였다. 하지만, 처음에 SIAM을 도입할 경우에, 어느 프로세스부터 적용해야 하는지, 어느 정도 집중해야 하는 지 지침이 없으므로, 많은 시행착오와 어려움이 예상된다. 이에, DEMATEL 기법을 이용하여 프로세스 간의 영향관계를 분석하였고, 가중치를 계산할 수 있는 ANP기법을 이용하여 핵심 프로세스를 도출하였다. 그러므로 초기에 SIAM 프레임워크를 도입할 경우에, 핵심프로세스를 우선적으로 도입한 후, 확대하는 것이 효율적인 도입 전략이 될 것이다.

Cultural and Trade Links between India and Siam: Their Impact on the Maritime Silk Road

Dayalan DURAISWAMY 계명대학교 실크로드연구원 2024 Acta Via Serica Vol.9 No.1

India, Southeast Asia in general, and Siam in particular share a long history of cultural and commercial relations. Located in each other’s extended neighbourhood, India and Thailand have a shared maritime boundary in the Andaman Sea. Situated in the strategic position, midway between West Asia on the one hand and East Asia on the other, India and Siam combined played a significant role in the maritime transactions in Asia and beyond. The geographical proximity between India and Siam led to multifaceted maritime interactions and exchanges. Siam was in the Indian sphere of cultural, religious, philosophical, technical, and linguistic influence much before the Common Era. The cultural and mercantile networks between India and Siam are well-attested by archaeological and literary sources. The archaeological findings in Siam and other Southeast Asian countries have revealed the dynamic trade and cultural exchange between India and Southeast Asia since the pre-Common Era. The Takola (modern Takua Pa) area served as a more suitable landing place for Indian merchants and there existed the settlement of the Indian mercantile community. Ligor (Nakhon Si Thammarat), Jaya (Chaiya), Patalung (Phatalung), U Thong, Ban Don Tha Pet, Ban U Taphao, Khao Sam Kaeo, and many other sites in Siam have brought to light a large variety of objects which demonstrate that ancient Siam had close mercantile contact with India as well as the Mediterranean world and China. The paper discusses in detail the cultural and trade links between India and Siam and their impact on the Maritime Silk Road.

태국 최초의 ‘메이드 인 이탈리아’ 건축가 그라씨

신근혜,박문정 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2024 東南亞硏究 Vol.34 No.1

본 논문에서는 19세기 말, 20세기 초 시암에서 활동한 이탈리아 건축가들 중 요아킴 그라씨가 그 1세대라는 것을 밝히고, 그에 대해 상이한 태국어, 이탈리아어, 영어 자료들을 비교 분석하여 정보를 정제하였다. 그리고 그라씨가 시암에서 성공할 수 있었던 이유와 함께 시암에서 철수하여 본국으로 돌아간 배경에 대해 검토하였다. 그라씨는 시암에 와 처음으로 왕실과 귀족계층에 소위 ‘메이드 인 이탈리아’를 각인시켜 이후 많은 이탈리아 건축가, 건설가, 예술가들이 시암으로 건너와 시암의 근대화 프로젝트에 참여할 수 있는 기틀을 마련한 인물이다. 그러나 그의 출생지는 이탈리아가 아닌 현재 슬로베니아인 코페르이며, 이후 시암에서 1883년 사업 확장을 위해 프랑스 국적으로 변경하기도 한다. 또한 하나의 양식을 고수하기 보다는 다양한 서양의 건축 양식을 활용하였을 뿐 아니라 시암의 전통 양식을 혼합하여 사용하기도 하였다. 건축 양식을 혼합하고, 사업을 위해 국적을 변경하는 그의 유연성은 초기에는 시암에 정착하는데 도움이 되었지만 이후에는 오히려 불리하게 작용하여 결국 시암에서의 사업을 접고 본국으로 돌아가게 만든 요인이 되었다. This study definitively identifies Joachim Grassi as the first generation of Italian architects to work in Siam during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It refines the information by comparing and analyzing various Thai, Italian, and English documents. The study then examines the reasons for his success in Siam as well as his subsequent decline and return to his homeland. Grassi was the first to arrive in Siam and establish the “Made in Italy” image among the royal and aristocratic circles in Siam, paving the way for numerous Italian architects, builders, and artists to participate in the country's modernization projects. Although born in Koper, now Slovenia and not Italy, he became a French citizen in 1883 to expand his business in Siam. Rather than adhering to a single style, he utilized a variety of Western architectural styles and mixed traditional Siam styles. His flexibility in mixing architectural styles and changing his nationality for business purposes helped him settle in Siam in the early years. However, this ultimately became a disadvantage, and he eventually closed his business in Siam and returned to his homeland.

태국의 근대화(Siwilai)와 이탈리아인 : 1868-1910년 인프라 구축을 중심으로

박문정(Moonjung Park),신근혜(Keun-Hye Shin) 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.6

본 논문은 1868년부터 1910년까지 시암 왕국이 추진하였던 근대화 과정에서 이탈리아인들이 미쳤던 영향을 인프라 구축을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 태국에서 이탈리아의 활동은 두 국가가 수교를 맺은 1868년 이후 활발하게 나타나지만, 이미 1600년대 아유타야 왕국 시대에도 이탈리아 기술자들을 고용한 기록이 남아있다. 그리고 1861년 ‘불완전한’ 통일을 이룩한 이탈리아는 경제적 위기와 정치적 충돌은 많은 이탈리아 이민자를 양성하였다. 이들 중 많은 수가 건설업에 종사하는 노동자들이 있었는데, 일부가 시암 왕국으로 이주하였다. 이들은 시암의 이탈리아 이민 1세대가 되며 소위 “올드 시암에서 뉴 시암”으로 근대화(Siwilai)를 진행하는 시기에 시암의 인프라 구축에 참여하였다. 이들은 이미 아시아에서 식민지를 구축하고 있던 프랑스와 영국 사이에서 다소 불리한 입지였지만 이들이 가진 기술력과 시암 왕실이 강대국들 사이에서 펼치는 중립 외교의 영향으로 시암에서 입지를 확보할 수 있었다. 이는 빡남 사건 이후 이탈리아 공사관이 설립되는 과정에서 두드러진다. 그리고 이들의 활동은 20세기 초이탈리아인들이 시암 왕국에서 건축 분야에서 주축이 될 수 있는 기반이 되었다. This paper examines the influence of Italians in the modernization process promoted by the Kingdom of Siam from 1868 to 1910, focusing on the construction of infrastructure. Italian businesses had been active in Thailand since 1868, when the two countries established diplomatic relations. However, as far back as the 1600s, there have been records of Italian engineers being employed by the Ayutthaya Furthermore, in the 1800s, there was an increase in the number of Italians immigrating to Thailand because of the economic and political crises caused by the incomplete unification of 1861. Many of these immigrants were construction workers, and some of them arrived in the Kingdom of Siam, They became the first generation of Italian immigrants in Siam, and helped build Siam’s infrastructure during the so-called “Siwilai” (modernization) period, during which it transitioned from Old Siam to New Siam. Italian immigrants were somewhat disadvantaged compared to those from France and Britain countries that had already established colonies throughout Asia. However, they managed to secure a niche in Siam thanks to their technical competence and because of the Siamese royal family’s established neutral stance with powerful countries. This became even more clear during the process of establishing the Italian legation after the Paknam incident in 1893. Thus, their activities built a foundation for Italians to play key roles in the major architectural projects of the Kingdom of Siam during the early 20th century.

이탈리아 최초의 태국학 연구자 제리니

신근혜 ( Keun-hye¸ Shin ),박문정 ( Moonjung¸ Park ) 한국태국학회 2021 한국태국학회논총 Vol.28 No.1

This paper analyzes the activities of Gerolamo Emilio Gerini (1850-1913), who was among the first generation of Italian immigrants to move to Thailand at the end of the 19th century. Scholarly attention on Gerini’s activities has largely been limited to his military and political achievements: Gerini is known for being a trusty associate of King Chulalongkorn, and his contributions to the modernization of Siam’s military earned him a coveted place in “The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant.” However, during his 25 years in Siam, Gerini also traveled extensively around Siam and to neighboring countries, collecting 3,000 ancient documents for research and analysis. Further, he is also regarded as the first scholar to introduce Siam and the Thai academic community to modern archiving methods at the end of the 19th century. Gerini also founded the “Siam Society” in 1904, which was charged with studying and promoting knowledge about Siam, its history, and culture. Even after returning to Italy in 1906, Gerini continued to study the culture and language of Siam and disseminate his research to Italian academia. He accompanied during King Chulalongkorn's second visit to Europe and was responsible for arranging the exhibition of the Thai Pavilion at the 1911 Turin International Exposition. Drawing on his research and academic achievements, this thesis examines whether it is possible to identify Gerini as “the first Thai scholar in Italy.”

The ‘Last’ Friendship Exchanges between Siam and Vietnam, 1879–1882: Siam between Vietnam and France—and Beyond

Junko Koizumi 서강대학교 동아연구소 2016 TRaNS(Trans –Regional and –National Studies of Sou Vol.4 No.1

Studies of Siam’s diplomatic relations from the mid-nineteenth century have been focussed on its troubled relations with Western colonial powers, often within a bilateral framework. While highlighting issues such as territorial losses and treaty revisions, scholarly interest tends to have overlooked Siam’s relations with its neighbouring countries. Based on archival records at the National Archives of Thailand, this article aims to fill this gap by examining diplomatic exchanges between the Siamese and Vietnamese courts that took place between 1879 and 1882. In April 1879, a royal mission from the Vietnamese court bearing gifts and a royal letter from Tự Ðức to Chulalongkorn arrived in Bangkok. It was allegedly the first formal mission from the Vietnamese court in almost half a century after the two countries had come into conflict in the 1830s. By examining how Siam and Vietnam sought to maintain and manipulate ‘traditional’ interstate relations in the face of treaty arrangements that France enforced upon Vietnam, this article reveals complex issues involved in the process of negotiations, such as the questions of maintaining the equality between the two monarchies and of the ‘translation’ of the concepts of sovereignty between Thai and Sino-Vietnamese languages, and suggests the necessity to pay more attention to historical and broader regional contexts in Asia.

영화 『왕과 나』(1956)에 나타난 동양의 이미지: 탈식민주의적 관점에서의 고찰

신근혜 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2010 국제지역연구 Vol.14 No.3

1860년대 시암(Siam, 現 태국)의 왕이 자신의 자녀들과 왕족에게 영어와 서구사상, 철학을 가르칠 목적으로 영국인 미망인인 안나 부인을 가정교사로 맞이하면서 벌어지는 일을 그리고 있는 영화 <왕과 나 The King and I>(1956)는 서양인들의 동양에 대한 이국적인 호기심을 충족시키기에 충분했고, 이러한 이유로 오랜 세월 인기를 누려왔다. 하지만 태국에서는 태국의 왕실을 왜곡했다는 이유로 상영이 금지되었고, 지금껏 역사적 사실의 진위에 대한 논란이 끊이지 않고 있다. 본고에서는 영화〈왕과 나〉가 허구(fiction)로서의 필름텍스트라는 전제 하에 작품 속에서 나타나고 있는 여러 이야기와 갈등, 즉 동양과 서양, 문명사회와 미개사회, 독재와 민주주의 그리고 남성과 여성이라는 복합적인 소재들을 탈식민주의적 관점에서 고찰해 보고자 한다. 영화에서 왕과 안나는 동양과 서양, 전근대와 근대, 그리고 남성과 여성의 대립 쌍을 이루고 있는데, 문제는 이 대립쌍이 조화를 이루어 합의점을 찾는 것이 아니라 일방적으로 서구의 관점에서 평가되면서 극이 진행된다는 점에 있다. 즉 안나는 서구의 합리성을, 시암왕은 동양을 대표하는 인물로 그려지고 있는데, 감정적이고 가부장적이던 왕은 극이 진행될수록 안나의 말에 동의하고 따르는 모습을 보여준다. 영화는 시종일관 서구의 우월성을 드러내면서, 동양의 사고와 의식들은 그저 ‘문명화 되어야만 할’ 또는 ‘버려져야만 할’ 것으로 간주하고 있다. 또한 이 영화의 배경이 1862년의 시암이라는 것을 기본으로 하고 있음에도 불구하고 영화의 전편을 통해 나오는 태국인들의 모습과 풍습은 실제의 태국과는 달리 태국적인 것으로 생각하는 서양인들의 이미지의 재현일 뿐, 중국과 일본과 태국의 것이 마구 뒤섞여 새로운 변종을 생산해 내고 있음을 볼 수 있다. <The King and I>(1956) is the popular film produced from the story of Anna Leonowens, who is a strong-willed, widowed, English school teacher to the wives and children of King of Siam in 1862. It is based on Margaret Landon's 1944 novel “Anna and the King of Siam” that is based on Leonowens’ autobiographical story, considered historically questionable by some sources. Controversy has arisen over the historical accuracy of the film and its depiction of the King. Its disrespect for the monarchy led to the film's banning in Thailand. The purpose of this paper is to examine the conflicts in the story, such as the Orient vs. the Western, civilized society vs. primitive society, autocracy vs. democracy, and male vs. female, from the postcolonial perspective, under the premise that <The King and I> is a fictional film text. In the film Anna and the King are presented as opposing pairs, e.g., the Western and the Orient, Modern and Pre-Modern, and women and men. The problem is that the opposing counterparts presented throughout the film are unilaterally evaluated by the viewpoint of westerners, never to find common ground in harmony. In other words, Anna represents the rationality of the West, while the King of Siam represents the emotionality of the Orient. The King who has been an emotional and patriarchal person, however, becomes a person who agrees with Anna’s opinions and advice gradually. So the film consistently shows the superiority of Western in terms of progress, while thoughts and consciousness of the Orient are considered as things ‘to be civilized’ or ‘to be abandoned.’Although the background of this film is supposed to be Siam in 1862, figures and customs of Thai people in the film are just the representation of the images of Thailand according to westerners’ thoughts. Such representation consists of new variants which are rather the mixture of Chinese, Japanese and Thai societies and cultures.

A comparative study on the national representation of Bangkok National Museum and Museum of Siam: Cultural politics of Thainess and collective memory

이채문 한국태국학회 2016 한국태국학회논총 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study is to present a critical comparison of different narratives of nationhood and Thai identity in Thailand’s national museums: National Museum in Bangkok and Museum of Siam. Thai history in Bangkok National Museum is being exhibited according to the flow of dynasty from Sukhothai kingdom, Ayutthaya, Thonburi to current Chakri dynasty as all the Thai orthodox history. Thailand’s national symbol represents the idea of royal dynasty. On the contrary, Museum of Siam divided into three parts: Suvarnabhumi, Siam, and Thailand. There’s no mention of Sukhothai as a Thai’s first kingdom. The representations of the nation in the two museums deliver are also different. In this paper, I demonstrated how these museums are the products of different political agendas in Thai’s historical context. It was found through the historical context that museums that were known as the place of learning in general can be political arena where the leading ideology or the taste of the ruling class is reflected. Each of Bangkok National Museum and Museum of Siam represented Thainess and the selected memory in history very differently.

ความเป็นไทยและความทรงจำร่วมของชาติ ในพิพิธภัณฑ์สถานแห่งชาติพระนครและมิวเซียมสยาม

แชมุนลี ( Lee Chae-moon ) 한국태국학회 2016 한국태국학회논총 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study is to present a critical comparison of different narratives of nationhood and Thai identity in Thailand’s national museums: National Museum in Bangkok and Museum of Siam. Thai history in Bangkok National Museum is being exhibited according to the flow of dynasty from Sukhothai kingdom, Ayutthaya, Thonburi to current Chakri dynasty as all the Thai orthodox history. Thailand’s national symbol represents the idea of royal dynasty. On the contrary, Museum of Siam divided into three parts: Suvarnabhumi, Siam, and Thailand. There’s no mention of Sukhothai as a Thai’s first kingdom. The representations of the nation in the two museums deliver are also different. In this paper, I demonstrated how these museums are the products of different political agendas in Thai’s historical context. It was found through the historical context that museums that were known as the place of learning in general can be political arena where the leading ideology or the taste of the ruling class is reflected. Each of Bangkok National Museum and Museum of Siam represented Thainess and the selected memory in history very differently.

ปฏิบัติการทางวัฒนธรรมของมิวเซียมสยามในการสร้างความเป็น ไทยผ่านนิทรรศการชุด “ถอดรหัสไทย”

แชมุนลี ( Chaemoon Lee ) 한국태국학회 2019 한국태국학회논총 Vol.26 No.1

National museum represents national identity. Museum Siam is a part of the OKMD (Office of Knowledge Management and Development) business, a Mega Project initiated during the Thaksin’s term in office. The museum was established as the first national discovery museum institute to provide new vision for looking into Thai national identity. This paper studies Thai national identity, Kwham pen thai (Thainess) represented in Museum Siam’s new exhibition, “Decoding Thainess”, which was reopened in December 2017. The primary sources used in this study consist of the main exhibition contents, museum’s brochures, and interviews with curators and museum staff. This study finds that the second main exhibition centers around familiar objects easily seen in contemporary Thai society, as meaningful segments of production of Thainess. It also explores how Thainess can be built and maintained, rather than just representing Thai national identity. This is important because showing the process for creating national identity reveals that Thainess is generally regarded as a fixed, uniform notion, but in fact it has been changing through time.