한국 외래어 로마자 표기에 관한 언어의식 연구 - 대학생 앙케이트를 중심으로 -

양민호 ( Min Ho Yang ) 한국문학언어학회(구 경북어문학회) 2014 어문론총 Vol.61 No.-

In this paper, it is one of the analysis of the image of the Roman alphabet and language consciousness and actual use of Roman alphabet. First, we answer that it is expressed more than 70% of the survey language familiar. Among them, if it can be written in a loanword, many people knew more. By the presence or absence of paraphrase words, which were divided into eight patterns of survey word. As a result, the investigation is survey word can be written in loanword, level of understanding was very high when a natural paraphrase. There was no word roman alphabet is not included in the concept of loan words existing. However, it can be determined that it is the same level Roman alphabet and loan words in this survey. The following is an consciousness of Roman alphabet. In addition, more than 80% felt the heavy use of Roman alphabet. And, most of those surveyed are using the Roman alphabet. It is a question Roman alphabet was increased about what will hinder communication. As a result, it was found that there is no problem to communicate in spite of that the Roman alphabet is increased. In addition, it asked the consciousness of converting it into a Roman alphabet of a Loanword and Korean word. It was negative when it comes Korean word changes in Roman alphabet or loan words. However, changing the Roman alphabet from loan words was very generous. The last question is related to the image of the Roman alphabet. It was not aggressive with respect to evaluation of the Roman alphabet image. Roman alphabet image of the top was mostly positive. Negative image was often lower. After all, in Korea, I can be judged Roman alphabet is to have a positive image. Throughout this study, it was possible to re-recognize the research of Roman alphabet.

趙元任의 <國語羅馬字 硏究> (1)

趙元任(Yuanren Zhao),姜雲和(번역자),沈小喜(번역자) 중국어문논역학회 2023 中國語文論譯叢刊 Vol.- No.53

‘한어병음자모’는 중국어를 표기하는 로마자모이다. 로마자는 세계에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있지만, 각 국가별 로마자의 음가가 달라서 한국의 중국어 학습자들이 발음 오류를 일으키는 단초가 되기도 할 뿐만 아니라 ‘한어병음자모’를 ‘발음부호’로 오인하여 중국어 학습에 심각한 혼란을 일으키고 있다. 5⋅4 신문화 운동 후, 1923년 ‘국어통일회(國語統一會)’에서 ‘국어로마자철자법연구위원회(國語羅馬字綴字法硏究委員會)’가 조직되었고, 유복(劉復) 조원임(趙元任), 전현동(錢玄同) 여금희(黎錦熙) 등을 중심으로 ‘수인회(數人會)’가 결성되어 “국어로마자병음방식(國語羅馬字拼音方式)”을 만들어 1928년 “국음자모(國音字母第二式)”로 공포하였다. “수인회(數人會)”에서 전문적인 언어 문자 이론을 개진하여 ‘국어로마자(國語羅馬字)’ 제정에 큰 역할을 한 조원임(1892-1982)은 <국어로마자연구>에서 국어로마자의 특성과 설계 원리에 대해 상세하게 서술하였는데, 그의 주장은 “국어로마자(國語羅馬字)”(1928) 뿐만 아니라 “라틴화 신문자(拉丁化新文字)”(1931)와 “한어병음자모(1958)”에 관철되어 중국어-로마자 병음 설계의 기본 체계로 제공되었다. 그러므로 “한어병음자모”를 올바르게 인식하여 중국어 교수 및 학습에 이바지하기 위해선 조원임의 <국어로마자연구>를 숙지하여 한어병음자모의 설계 원칙과 및 활용 상황을 파악해야 할 것이다. ‘Chinese Pinyin alphabet’ is a Roman alphabet that represents Chinese. The Roman alphabet is the most used in the world, but the phonetic value of the Roman alphabet in each country is different, which can cause Chinese learners to make pronunciation errors. In addition, they recognize the ‘Chinese Pinyin alphabet’ as a ‘phonetic code’ that assists the pronunciation of Chinese characters, causing serious confusion in Chinese learning. After the 5.4 Neo-Cultural Movement, a claim was made to abolish Chinese characters and adopt the Roman alphabet, which has been widely used throughout the world as a font since then. The ‘數人會’ under ‘committee for the study of roman orthography in mandarin(國語羅馬字綴字法硏究委員會)’ was consisted of Liu Fu(劉復, 1878-1960), Chao Yuen Ren(趙元任, 1892—1982), Qian Xuan Tong(錢玄同, 1887—1939), Li Jinxi(黎錦熙, 1890—1978), etc. The ‘數人會’ created the “Romanization of Mandarin(國語羅馬字拼音方式)” and promulgated in 1928 as “Chinese characters(國音字母(第二式)”. Yuen Ren Chao(1892-1982), who played a major role in the enactment of ‘Gwoyeu Romatzyh(國語羅馬字)’ by developing a professional language character theory, described the design principle minutely in his <A Study on Romanization in Mandarin>. Not only ‘Gwoyeu Romatzyh(國語羅馬字)’ but also “Latinized Chinese Character(1931) and “Chinese Pinyin alphabet (1958) served as a foundation for designing Chinese-Roman Pinyin. Recognition of the design basic and true nature of <A Study on Romanization in Mandarin> by Yuen Ren Chao is required to understand “Chinese Pinyin alphabet” correctly.

趙元任의 <國語羅馬字 硏究> (2)

강운화,심소희 중국어문논역학회 2024 中國語文論譯叢刊 Vol.- No.54

‘Chinese Pinyin alphabet’ is a Roman alphabet that represents Chinese. The Roman alphabet is the most used in the world, but the phonetic value of the Roman alphabet in each country is different, which can cause Chinese learners to make pronunciation errors. In addition, they recognize the ‘Chinese Pinyin alphabet’ as a ‘phonetic code’ that assists the pronunciation of Chinese characters, causing serious confusion in Chinese learning. Yuen Ren Chao(1892-1982), who played a major role in the enactment of ‘Gwoyeu Romatzyh (國語羅馬字)’ by developing a professional language character theory, described the design principle minutely in his <A Study on Romanization in Mandarin>. Not only ‘Gwoyeu Romatzyh (國語羅馬字)’ but also “Latinized Chinese Character (1931)” and “Chinese Pinyin alphabet (1958)” served as a foundation for designing Chinese-Roman Pinyin. Recognition of the design basic and true nature of <A Study on Romanization in Mandarin> by Yuen Ren Chao is required to understand “Chinese Pinyin alphabet” correctly. “한자가 멸하지 않으면 중국이 망한다(汉字不灭, 中国必亡)”라는 한자에 대한 절체절명의 위기감으로 한자를 폐지하고 한자를 대체하는 표음문자를 모색하였던 시기에, 조원임 본고에서 중국인 인명은 한국한자음(한자)으로 표기하기로 한다. (趙元任, 1892-1982)은 「국어로마자 연구」에서 국어로마자의 특성과 설계 원리에 대해 상세히 서술하고 혁신적인 방안을 제시하였다. 그 후, 그의 주장은 국음자모(제2식)였던 “국어로마자(國語羅馬字)”(1928)의 바탕 이론이 되었고, “라틴화 신문자(拉丁化新文字)”(1931)를 거쳐, “한어병음자모(1958)”의 정서법에 결정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 물론 조원임이 「국어로마자 연구」에서 제안하였던 내용이 ‘한어병음자모’에 모두 관철되었다고 볼 수는 없지만, 100년 전 조원임이 제안한 ‘국어로마자’의 제정 취지와 정서법이 어떻게 변모하여 ‘한어병음자모’에 구현되었는지, 그 변화 추이를 통하여 ‘한어병음자모’의 설계 원칙과 및 활용 상황을 파악하고 ‘한어병음자모’의 본질을 재인식할 수 있을 것이다. 「趙元任의 <國語羅馬字 硏究>(1)」에서는 ‘1장 로마자를 반대하는 10가지 질문(反对罗马字的十大疑问)’, ‘2장 국어로마자 초고(国语罗马字的草稿)’이 번역되었는데, 이를 이어서 본고에서는 ‘3장 국어로마자를 설정할 때 주의해야 하는 원칙(凡是拟国语罗马字的应该注意的原则)’, ‘4장 국어로마자에 대한 의문점(关於国语罗马字的未定的疑點)’, ‘5장 국어로마자의 추진 방법(国语罗马字推行底方法)’을 번역하였다.

제2차 성씨 표기 시안에 대한 제언 : 음절단위 영문로마자(영자) 표기법

양병선 한국언어과학회 2009 한국언어과학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.08

The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Korea formally proclaimed that Korean family names will be Romanized differently from the rest of the Korean language in its new system of Romanization for the Korean Language proclaimed on July 4, 2000. After 9 years later when the National Academy of the Korean Language publically proposed Romanization of Korean family names on June 20, 2001 according to this new system, they proposed its second system of it on June 25, 2009. The main purpose of this paper is i) to point out the problems of the second proposal for Romanization of Korean family names ii) to put forward a proposal of how to write Korean family names with Roman letters which should reflect English pronunciation and its writing system, so-called, syllable-based Englishzation, not with abstract Roman alphabets.

제3차 ‘성씨의 로마자표기 권장안’에 대한 제언

양병선(Byung sun Yang) 현대문법학회 2014 현대문법연구 Vol.81 No.-

According to the current Korean government Romanization system formally proclaimed by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism on July 4, 2000, Korean family names will be Romanized differently from the rest of the Korean language. The National Institute of the Korean Language publically proposed the 1st system of Romanization for Korean family names on June 20, 2001. Nine years later, they proposed the 2nd system on June 25, 2009. The 3rd system of Romanization for Korean family names, which was done by Seoul National University Research Team, was proposed on January 27, 2012. The main purpose of this paper is i) to point out the problems of the 3rd system of Romanization for Korean family names proposed by Seoul National University Research Team, ii) to put forward a proposal of how to write Korean family names with English alphabets.

인명 영문 로마자표기법: 새전자주민증 사용에 대비하여

양병선 ( Byung Sun Yaang ) 대한언어학회 2008 언어학 Vol.16 No.1

The Ministry of Public Administration and Security announced that the Korean government had a plan to use the new Korean Citizen`s Electronic Identification Card and introduced the ID card on August 30, 2007. After additional studies the government will decide the time to change the old plastic ID cards into new electronic one. The new electronic ID includes Romanized spelling of Korean name on the back. Before the government adopts the new ID card, they need to set up a list of guidelines for writing Korean personal names with the Roman alphabet since there are no official guidelines for the Romanization of Korean personal names. The purpose of this study is to suggest a guideline for how to write Korean personal names with the English alphabet, which can be adopted for public documents such as the new ID cards, passports, credit cards, student ID cards, etc. and should reflect the English pronunciation and writing system, so-called, syllable-based Englishization.

한국인의 언어 의식의 변화

양명희(Yang Myung-hee) 한국사회언어학회 2007 사회언어학 Vol.15 No.1

  This study aims to see the change of language attitude in Korea by comparing research done in 1988 and research done in 2005. The research in 1988 and the research in 2005 have in common four domains of language attitude questions. The four themes are the standard language and dialect, honorific, loan words, the use of Chinese letters and the Roman alphabet. Koreans have changed their attitude toward standard language and dialect. They acknowledge the need of a standard language and many people(84.6%) agreed that people on television programs have to use a standard language. Koreans still have a positive attitude toward the use of the honorific. Analyzing the attitude of the honorific revealed that the status of husbands and wives have changed for the better(the status of wife is up). In business the age of speakers has more influence on the use of honorific more than the status of the speakers. Koreans have also changed their attitude towards the loan words. They had a negative attitude about the loan words but this attitude has changed. The attitude towards the use of Chinese letters and the Roman alphabet have changed as well. Koreans have a more positive attitude toward the Roman alphabet and the need of learning Chinese letters has increased. On the basis of these results, we will predict the change in language and implement a language policy.

한국어 교육의 훈민정음 관련 번역 술어 연구

김지혜(Kim Ji-hye) 어문연구학회 2020 어문연구 Vol.106 No.-

이 논문에서는 한국어 학습자를 위한 훈민정음 교육에서 번역이 필요한 핵심 술어의 목록을 체계화하고, 한국어 교재 10종을 대상으로 영어 번역 술어의 현황을 검토하여 훈민정음 관련 핵심 번역 술어를 정비하였다. 훈민정음 교육의 필수 교육 내용은 크게 ‘훈민정음 소개, 훈민정음의 제자 원리, 훈민정음 관련 정보’의 세 가지로 나뉜다. 먼저 ‘훈민정음 소개’에서 하나의 술어에 대한 여러 표기가 혼용되어 검토가 필요한 것에는 ‘한글’이 있었다. 한글은 관습적으로 Hangul로 표기되기도 하나 국어의 로마자 표기법에 따라 Hangeul로 표기하는 쪽으로 수정이 필요하다고 보았다. 다음으로 ‘훈민정음의 제자 원리’에서 하나의 술어에 대한 여러 표기가 혼용되어 검토가 필요한 것에는 ‘하늘’, ‘자모’, ‘문자’, ‘쌍자음’, ‘단모음’, ‘이중모음’이 있었다. ‘하늘’은 하늘의 둥근 모양을 상형하여 글자 ‘ㆍ’가 제자된 것이라는 점을 기술하는 문맥에서는 sky가, 음양오행의 원리가 반영된 것이라는 점을 기술하는 문맥에서는 heaven이 적절함을 살펴보았다. 한편 ‘자모’에 대한 번역 술어가 vowels and consonants로 잘못 사용되는 것은 ‘자모’의 뜻을 오인한 데서 비롯된 것임을 지적하고 ‘자모’와 ‘문자’는 동일한 번역 술어로 표기할 수 있음을 밝히었다. 그리고 훈민정음은 표의문자가 아닌 표음문자이므로 ‘문자’는 character가 아닌 alphabet으로 번역되어야 하나, 자모 낱글자가 아닌 음절 단위로서 다루는 문맥에서는 character로 번역될 수 있음을 살펴보았다. 한편 ‘쌍자음, 단모음, 이중모음’의 번역에서는 술어 하나만을 고려하는 것이 아니라 계열 관계를 고려하여 관련된 술어들을 일관성 있게 번역하여야 함을 주장하였다. 마지막으로 ‘훈민정음 관련 정보’에서는 번역어에 대한 수정이 필요한 술어는 없었고, 다만 국어의 로마자 표기를 적용해야 하는 것과 번역을 해야 하는 것을 구분할 필요가 있음을 살펴보았다. 이 연구는 훈민정음 관련 번역 술어를 검토함으로써 교육 내용과 술어의 균질화를 꾀할 수 있다는 점과, 전 세계 학습자를 대상으로 하는 온라인 강의 등에서 실용적인 활용이 가능하다는 점에서 의미가 있다. In this paper, a list of technical terms that need to be translated in Hunminjeongeum education for Korean learners was systematized, and the technical terms for translation related to Hunminjeongeum were reorganized by reviewing the status of English translation of technical terms for 10 Korean textbooks. The essential contents of the Hunminjeongeum education are largely divided into three categories.: Introduction to Hunminjeongeum, Principle of Hunminjeongeum invention, and Related information about Hunminjeongeum First, in Introduction to Hunminjeongeum , Hangeul was used as the one requiring unification because several translations for one term were used. Although Hangeul is conventionally written as Hangul , it was considered that unification was necessary to write Hangeul according to the Romanization of the Korean language. Next, Haneul(하늘) , Jamo(자모) , Munja(문자) , Ssangjaeum(쌍자음) , Danmoeum(단모음) , and Ijungmoeum(이중모음) were included in the Principle of Hunminjeongeum invention that several translations for one term were mixed and needed unification. It was examined that sky is appropriate when expressing a round shape according to the context, and heaven is appropriate when explaining the principle of the yin-yang and five elements. Meanwhile, I pointed out that the misuse of the translation term for Jamo(자모) as vowels and consonants from misunderstanding the meaning of Jamo . It was also revealed that Jamo and Munja(문자) can be written in the same translation. And since Hunminjeongeum is a phonogram, not an ideogram, it was examined that ‘Munja(문자)’ should be translated as an ‘alphabet’, not a ‘character’. On the other hand, in the translation of Ssangjaeum(쌍자음), Danmoeum(단모음), and Ijungmoeum(이중모음) , it was argued that the related terms should be translated consistently, not only in consideration of one term, but in consideration of the sequence relationship. Lastly, in Related information about Hunminjeongeum , there was no term that required unification of the translated word, but it was examined that it was necessary to distinguish between the application of the Romanization of the Korean language and the one to be translated.

음운표기의 음운론

정국 한국음성과학회 2003 음성과학 Vol.10 No.4

This paper examines transcription of sounds from a phonological perspective. It has found that most of transcriptions have been done on a segmental basis alone, without consideration of the whole phonological systems and levels, and without a full understanding of the nature of the linguistic and phonetic alphabets. In a word, sound transcriptions have not been done on the basis of the phonology of the language and the alphabet. This study shows a phonological model for transcribing foreign and native sounds, suggesting ways of improving some of the current transcription systems such as the Hangeul transcription of loan words and the romanization of Hangeul, as well as the phonetic transcription of English and other foreign languages.

5⋅4 신문화운동과 어문개혁

김상원 한국중국현대문학학회 2019 中國現代文學 Vol.0 No.91

Revolution of language and culture reformation in 5.4 new culture movements replaced the basic of modern linguistic that some intellectual class possessed to the whole member can share. And struggled to change system of Chinese character from only Chinese can understand to the world-wide can use, by change system to the Romanization. In the periods of 5.4 new culture movements, each of the attempts of reformation was not only independent but also interconnected. Movement of Written Colloquial Chinese which was the very first step of the Chinese contemporary literature was at the inseparable position with the revolution. Because of these reasons, advocate of Chinese contemporary literature actively participated to the revolution of language and culture reformation. The attempts in the periods of 5.4 new culture movements had a huge effect on past 100 years in contemporary written language, birth and development of literary language, change of language and culture’s environment and system. In this regard, it has very important point in Chinese literature, linguistics, culturology.