Evaluating intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility in histometric measurement: one-wall intrabony periodontal defects in beagle dogs

Kim, Soo-Kyung,Choi, Eun-Hee,Lee, Jung-Seok,Kim, Tae-Gyun,Choi, Seong-Ho,Cho, Kyoo-Sung,Chai, Jung-Kiu,Kim, Chong-Kwan Korean Academy of Periodontology 2010 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.40 No.4

Purpose: Accurate and exact measurement is an important factor for generating meaningful results in any properly designed study. If all the participating examiners are able to yield similar results, it will be possible to evaluate the objective results of the study more easily and quickly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of histometric measurements in the intrabony periodontal defect model. Methods: One wall intrabony defects were surgically created at the distal aspect of the second and the medial aspect of the fourth mandibular premolars in the right and left jaw quadrants in twenty beagle dogs and the defect sites received the following ${\beta}$-tri calcium phosphate, growth differentiation factor-0, growth differentiation factor-100 and sham surgery. Histometric analysis was performed after 8 weeks. Histometric parameters were recorded and repeated at three months interval by three examiners. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility was assessed. Results: Most parameters of all the groups showed high intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility. Parameters including defect height, bone regeneration height, cementum regeneration height, and formation of junctional epithelium yielded interexaminer correlation ${\geq}0.9$. The intra-examiner reproducibility showed a high result, over 0.9. Conclusions: Histometric evaluation of the one-wall intra-alveolar periodontal defect model showed high reproducibility not only for a single given examiner but also among the three examiners.

Evaluating intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility in histometric measurement: onewall intrabony periodontal defects in beagle dogs

김수경,최은희,이정석,김태균,최성호,조규성,채중규,김종관 대한치주과학회 2010 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.40 No.4

Purpose: Accurate and exact measurement is an important factor for generating meaningful results in any properly designed study. If all the participating examiners are able to yield similar results, it will be possible to evaluate the objective results of the study more easily and quickly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of histometric measurements in the intrabony periodontal defect model. Methods: One wall intrabony defects were surgically created at the distal aspect of the second and the medial aspect of the fourth mandibular premolars in the right and left jaw quadrants in twenty beagle dogs and the defect sites received the following β-tri calcium phosphate, growth differentiation factor-0, growth differentiation factor-100 and sham surgery. Histometric analysis was performed after 8 weeks. Histometric parameters were recorded and repeated at three months interval by three examiners. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility was assessed. Results: Most parameters of all the groups showed high intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility. Parameters including defect height, bone regeneration height, cementum regeneration height, and formation of junctional epithelium yielded interexaminer correlation ≥ 0.9. The intra-examiner reproducibility showed a high result, over 0.9. Conclusions: Histometric evaluation of the one-wall intra-alveolar periodontal defect model showed high reproducibility not only for a single given examiner but also among the three examiners.

Comparison of the reproducibility of panoramic radiographs between dentulous and edentulous patients

Park, Jong-Woong,Huh, Kyung-Hoe,Yi, Won-Jin,Heo, Min-Suk,Lee, Sam-Sun,Choi, Soon-Chul Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.2

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the reproducibility of panoramic radiographs of dentulous and edentulous patients. Materials and Methods: The reproducibility of panoramic radiographs was evaluated using the panoramic radiographs acquired from 30 anterior dentulous patients by using a common biting positioning device (dentulous group) and 30 anterior edentulous patients by using chin-support devices to take a panoramic radiograph (edentulous group), respectively; these patients had undergone 3 or more panoramic radiographs. The widths and angles between the designated landmarks were measured on the panoramic radiographs, and the reproducibility was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the coefficient of variation. Results: In the dentulous and edentulous groups, the ICCs of the mandibular ramus and mandibular angle areas were higher than the condylar head and zygomatic areas. The mandibular ramus and angle areas showed statistically lower mean coefficients of variation than the condylar head and zygomatic areas in the dentulous group. The mandibular angle area showed a significantly lower mean coefficient of variation than the zygomatic area in the edentulous group. By comparing the two groups, each ICC of the edentulous group was lower than that of the dentulous group, and the mean coefficients of variation of the mandibular ramus area, zygomatic area, left condylar inclination, and ramus ratio between the right and the left in the edentulous group were significantly higher than those in the dentulous group. Conclusion: Biting positioning for dentulous patients provided better positioning reproducibility than chin-support positioning when performing panoramic radiography for edentulous patients.

Comparison of the reproducibility of panoramic radiographs between dentulous and edentulous patients

박종웅,허경회,이원진,허민석,이삼선,최순철 대한영상치의학회 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.2

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the reproducibility of panoramic radiographs of dentulous and edentulous patients. Materials and Methods: The reproducibility of panoramic radiographs was evaluated using the panoramic radiographs acquired from 30 anterior dentulous patients by using a common biting positioning device (dentulous group) and 30 anterior edentulous patients by using chin-support devices to take a panoramic radiograph (edentulous group), respectively; these patients had undergone 3 or more panoramic radiographs. The widths and angles between the designated landmarks were measured on the panoramic radiographs, and the reproducibility was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the coefficient of variation. Results: In the dentulous and edentulous groups, the ICCs of the mandibular ramus and mandibular angle areas were higher than the condylar head and zygomatic areas. The mandibular ramus and angle areas showed statistically lower mean coefficients of variation than the condylar head and zygomatic areas in the dentulous group. The mandibular angle area showed a significantly lower mean coefficient of variation than the zygomatic area in the edentulous group. By comparing the two groups, each ICC of the edentulous group was lower than that of the dentulous group, and the mean coefficients of variation of the mandibular ramus area, zygomatic area, left condylar inclination, and ramus ratio between the right and the left in the edentulous group were significantly higher than those in the dentulous group. Conclusion: Biting positioning for dentulous patients provided better positioning reproducibility than chin-support positioning when performing panoramic radiography for edentulous patients.

Evaluating the Reproducibility of the Walking Test for Intermittent Claudication Associated with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Tanishima Shinji,Weishi Li,Jianzhong Hu,Jie Zhao,Huilin Yang,Nagashima Hideki 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.3

Study Design: This is a multicenter, prospective study.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of the walking test for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).Overview of Literature: Walking test is one of the useful procedures to investigate cauda equina syndrome with lumbar spinal stenosis. One the other hands, there were few studies to investigate the reproducibility of this test.Methods: In this study, we prospectively examined 70 LSS patients with intermittent claudication symptoms at a multicenter outpatient clinic. A walking test was administered at baseline and week 4 to assess patients’ walking distance and lower limb pain and numbness. Immediately after the walking test, patients were asked to use the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to rate their pain and numbness in the front, back, outside, inside, and hip of the lower legs. The reproducibility of the walking test was evaluated using Cohen’s κ analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Meanwhile, the Swiss Spinal Stenosis (SSS) Questionnaire was used to evaluate the severity of the stenosis.Results: The walking distance ICC at baseline and at week 4 remained unchanged at 0.7, with acceptable interobserver reliabilities for lower limb pain and numbness in both legs. The average VAS score for lower leg pain was 23.2±25.2 mm at baseline and 27.4±28.8 mm at week 4, while the corresponding average VAS score for numbness was 23.4±26.7 mm at baseline and 24.8±25.2 mm at week 4. The ICC score was 0.7 for leg pain and 0.7 for numbness. The mean SSS was 30.2±5.5 at baseline and 29.2±5.2 at week 4, and there was no significant difference in the severity.Conclusions: The walking test for LSS has acceptable reproducibility.

Evaluation of Reproducibility of Brain Volumetry between Commercial Software, Inbrain and Established Research Purpose Method, FreeSurfer

이정빈,이지영,오세원,정미선,박지은,문연실,전홍준,문원진 대한신경과학회 2021 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.17 No.2

Background and Purpose We aimed to determine the intermethod reproducibility between the commercial software Inbrain (MIDAS IT) and the established research-purpose method FreeSurfer, as well as the effect of MRI resolution and the pathological condition of subjects on their intermethod reproducibility. Methods This study included 45 healthy volunteers and 85 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In 43 of the 85 patients with MCI, three-dimensional, T1-weighted MRI data were obtained at an in-plane resolution of 1.2 mm. The data of the remaining 42 patients with MCI and the healthy volunteers were obtained at an in-plane resolution of 1.0 mm. The within- subject coefficient of variation (CoV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and effect size were calculated, and means were compared using paired t-tests. The parameters obtained at 1.0-mm and 1.2-mm resolutions in patients with MCI were compared to evaluate the effect of the in-plane resolution on the intermethod reproducibility. The parameters obtained at a 1.0-mm in-plane resolution in patients with MCI and healthy volunteers were used to analyze the effect of subject condition on intermethod reproducibility. Results Overall the two methods showed excellent reproducibility across all regions of the brain (CoV=0.5–3.9, ICC=0.93 to >0.99). In the subgroup of healthy volunteers, the intermethod reliability was only good in some regions (frontal, temporal, cingulate, and insular). The intermethod reproducibility was better in the 1.0-mm group than the 1.2-mm group in all regions other than the nucleus accumbens. Conclusions Inbrain and FreeSurfer showed good-to-excellent intermethod reproducibility for volumetric measurements. Nevertheless, some noticeable differences were found based on subject condition, image resolution, and brain region.

개인용 컴퓨터에서 재구성한 3차원 전산화단층영상의 두부계측 재현성

전국진,박혁,이희철,김기덕,박창서,Jeon Kug-Jin,Park Hyok,Lee Hee-Cheol,Kim Kee-Deog,Park Chang-Seo 대한영상치의학회 2003 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.33 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the reproducibility of intra-observer and inter-observer consistency of cephalometric measurements using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT), and the degree of difference of the cephalometric measurements. Materials and Methods: CT images of 16 adult patients with normal class I occlusion were sent to personal computer and reconstructed into 3D images using V-Works 3.5/sup TM/(Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea). With the internal program of V-Works 3.5/sup TM/, 12 landmarks on regular cephalograms were transformed into 21 analytic categories and measured by 2 observers and in addition, one of the observers repeated their measurements. Intra-observer difference was calculated using paired t-test, and inter-observer by two sample test. Results: There were significant differences in the intra-observer measurements (p < 0.05) in four of the categories which included ANS-Me, ANS-PNS, Cdl-Go (Lt), GoL-GoR, but with the exception of Cdl-Go (Lt), ZmL-ZmR, Zyo-Zyo, the average differences were within 2 mm of each other. The inter-observer observations also showed significant differences in the measurements of the ZmL-ZmR and Zyo-Zyo categories (p < 0.05). With the exception of the Cdl-Me (Rt), ZmL-ZmR, Zyo-Zyo categories, the average differences between the two observers were within 2 mm, but the ZmL-ZmR and Zyo-Zyo values differed greatly with values of 8.10 and 19.8 mm respectively. Conclusion: In general, 3D CT images showed greater accuracy and reproducibility, with the exception of suture areas such as Zm and Zyo, than regular cephalograms in orthodontic measurements, showing differences of less than 2 mm, therefore 3D CT images can be useful in cephalometric measurements and treatment planning.

두 종류의 스펙트럼영역 빛간섭단층촬영기를 사용한 정상 한국인의 맥락막 두께 측정의 재현성

이광현,이성철,이승규.Kwang Hyun Lee. MD. Sung Chul Lee. MD. Christopher Seungkyu Lee. MD 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.9

Purpose: To investigate the reproducibility of choroidal thickness measurements in healthy Koreans using two spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) instruments: Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) and Heidelberg Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Methods: Images were obtained in 60 eyes of 30 healthy undilated volunteers without ocular pathology in a clinical setting. The choroid was imaged in all subjects using Cirrus HD 1-line raster and Spectralis enhanced depth imaging (EDI). The choroid was measured subfoveally, 1500 μm temporal, and 1500 μm nasal to the fovea. All measurements were performed by two independent observers. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, and Bland–Altman analysis were used to compare measurements. Results: The study group consisted of 15 males and 15 females. The mean age was 50.73 ± 15.09 years (range, 24-75 years). There was no significant difference in the mean choroidal thickness (p > 0.05) between systems for any location. The choroidal thickness measurements using two instruments (Cirrus vs. Spectralis) were also strongly correlated (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In the present study of healthy Korean adults, good reproducibility was observed between choroidal thickness measurements of images obtained from Cirrus and Spectralis.

Development and Validation Study of an Instrument to Measure Work Environment of Nurses in Nursing Homes

Cho Eunhee,Min Deulle,Lee Kyongeun,Kim Jeongah,Chang Soo Jung,Kim Hyang,Kim Sinhye,Min Ari 한국노인간호학회 2019 노인간호학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Purpose: This study was done to develop an instrument to measure the work environment in nursing homes and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: Instrument development was conducted in three phases: development of the initial questionnaire, content validity and pilot-testing, and construct validity and reliability testing. Participants were 184 nurses from 62 nursing homes in South Korea. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and examination of internal consistency were used to verify the psychometric properties of the instrument. Results: The final model derived from the factor analysis yielded 27 items across five domains: nurses’ participation in nursing home affairs; well-defined scope of practice; nurse managers’ ability, leadership, and support of nurses; staff and resource adequacy; and communication and coordination. The fit indices in the confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable. Total Cronbach’s ⍺ was .93 (sub-domains ranged .77~.88). Conclusion: The results indicate that the selected items are suitable for measuring the work environment of nursing homes in South Korea. This instrument may be useful in nursing home-related research and may be used to improve the health outcomes of older adults in nursing homes.

한국형 치매 환자의 통증 사정 도구 개발

임선영,이수정,장성옥 한국노인간호학회 2022 노인간호학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (KPAIC-15) for people with dementia. Methods: Participants in this study were 200 patients with dementia in two long-term care hospitals in the Republic of Korea. The PAIC-15 was translated into Korean using the process for the translation and adaptation of instruments developed by the World Health Organization. Three bilingual nursing professionals carried out this process. The construct validity, convergent validity, Cronbach’s ⍺, inter-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability of the translated instrument were evaluated. IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used for data analysis. Results: In the confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, the KPAIC-15 exhibited an adequate model fit, with three factors accounting for 72.13% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity of the KPAIC-15. The scale had a Cronbach’s ⍺ of .91, an inter-rater reliability of .75 (p<.001), and a test-retest reliability of .71 (p<.001). Conclusion: The findings show the KPAIC-15 is valid and reliable for use in the pain assessment of people diagnosed with dementia in the Republic of Korea. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (KPAIC-15) for people with dementia. Methods: Participants in this study were 200 patients with dementia in two long-term care hospitals in the Republic of Korea. The PAIC-15 was translated into Korean using the process for the translation and adaptation of instruments developed by the World Health Organization. Three bilingual nursing professionals carried out this process. The construct validity, convergent validity, Cronbach’s ⍺, inter-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability of the translated instrument were evaluated. IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used for data analysis. Results: In the confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, the KPAIC-15 exhibited an adequate model fit, with three factors accounting for 72.13% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity of the KPAIC-15. The scale had a Cronbach’s ⍺ of .91, an inter-rater reliability of .75 (p<.001), and a test-retest reliability of .71 (p<.001). Conclusion: The findings show the KPAIC-15 is valid and reliable for use in the pain assessment of people diagnosed with dementia in the Republic of Korea.