국어사전의 ‘관련어’ 연구

이희자(Lee Hui ja),우재숙(Woo Jae suk) 한국사전학회 2006 한국사전학 Vol.- No.7

The purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis of existing dictionaries to find out what problems they faced in terms of related vocabularies, part of microstructure. And it's also meant to make a definition of a 'related word' to provide accurate information on the mean relations of entries, and the types of related words were classified. There were mixed pieces of information on 〈reference words〉 and 〈related words〉 in dictionaries about not only mean relation but grammatical and other relations. So they lacked system and made it difficult to grasp precise mean relation. In this study, a 'related word' was understood as a word that has a hierarchical, partial or complete inclusion relation with an original word, or that has a coordinate relation to an original word within the same category. And I made a definition of inclusion relation and coordinate relation, and classified 'related words' of those relations into subcategories on that base. As for inclusion relation, there were three types of related words that respectively signify hierarchical, partial and complete relations, and concerning coordinate relation, there were two types of related words that respectively represent discriminating and non- discriminating relations.

An Efficient Dynamics Analysis using a Parametric Generalized Coordinate

Dae-Sung Bae(배대성),Chul-Ho Lee(이철호),Sang-Ho Lee(이상호) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5

A parametric generalized coordinate formulation for the equations of motion and kinematic constraint equations is presented. The equations of motion and the constraint equations are simplified by introducing parametric generalized coordinates in addition to the Cartesian generalized coordinates. The proposed method has been demonstrated to be very effective for the implicit implementation of the equations of motion and constraints. Sparse matrix solver combined with the proposed formulation plays a key role in the implicit implementation. An automobile example is solved to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

RTK GPS/INS/스테레오 카메라를 활용한 3 차원 지도 기반 복합 항법의 공간 정보 생성 시스템

이유담(Yu Dam Lee),최광호(Kwang Ho Choi),임준후(Joon Hoo Lim),유원재(Won Jae Yoo),김라우(La Woo Kim),이형근(Hyung Keun Lee) 제어로봇시스템학회 2018 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.24 No.8

This paper proposes a method to obtain absolute coordinates of considerably many point clouds on designated objects by integrating Global Positioning System (GPS), an Inertial Navigation System (INS), and a stereo camera. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method enables acquiring absolute coordinates instead of relative coordinates of point clouds with respect to a global reference frame. The GPS receiver and INS sensor are used for acquiring absolute coordinates and attitude parameters of the camera. The stereo camera is used to capture image pairs to compute relative coordinates of point clouds by feature-based image matching method. In addition, a Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) software is utilized to estimate accurate coordinates of the camera, and a time synchronization method between different systems to which sensors are connected is proposed. Based on the estimated absolute coordinates and attitude parameters of the camera, the relative coordinates of point clouds with respect to the camera are converted to the absolute coordinates.

중국 제조 기업의 조화로운 노동 조정 및 고용 목표관계 연구

셰무한,이장강 대한경영학회 2022 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Extent literatures primarily examined how “three party” and “four party” coordination of labor relations affects employment relation objective in terms of maintaining employee rights. However, achieving the balance between employee rights and enterprise efficiency appears to be the ultimate objective for employment. This paper investigates the effects of employees’ self-control, enterprise management, government guidance, trade union consultation and Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) supervision on three employment relation objectives (namely, employee fairness, enterprise efficiency and employee voice), in order to delineate how the novel “five party” coordination of labor relations influence employment objectives among Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The sample survey data of this paper was obtained from surveys and interviews of manufacturing enterprises in the eastern coastal areas of China, and a valid sample size of 1169 was collected. Since the data for the sample of the study was conducted in the eastern coastal areas of China, further research is necessary to explore the impact of five coordination factors on employment relationship objectives in a general context. The current work complements the traditional “three/four party” coordination of labor relations by uncovering the role NGOs supervision as the fifth factor, and further test its down-stream effect on three important employment relationship objectives. The findings suggest that the effect of labor relation coordination factors on employment relationship objective among Chinese manufacturing enterprises is diverse, depending on the specific objective of employment. Achieving satisfactory employment objective, especially in terms of maintaining employee voice, requires the joint effects of all five coordination factors (namely, employees’ self-control, enterprise management, government guidance, trade union consultation and Non-governmental organizations supervision). This study enriches the theories of labor relations coordination mechanisms at home and abroad, breaks through the limitations of the traditional “three/four party” coordination of labor relations, and proposes a theoretical framework of a five-party coordination mechanism; another contribution is to provide useful management suggestions for Chinese manufacturing enterprises to build harmonious labor relations. The conclusions and management suggestions of this study are also of reference value to Korean manufacturing enterprises, especially those enterprises with production plants in China. 이 연구는 “삼자”조정 메커니즘 및 “사중주”조정 메커니즘과 관련된 문헌을 참조하여 “다섯 가지”조정메커니즘의 이론적 프레임워크를 제시했습니다. 공정성, 효율성, 발언권에 대한 직원의 자제력, 기업 경영능력, 정부지도력, 노동조합의 협상력, 비정부 감독능력의 구조 방정식 모델이 구축되었으며 고용 관계 목표에 대한직원의 자제력, 기업 경영능력, 정부지도력, 노동조합의 협상력 및 비정부 감독능력의 역할을 논의하고분석하여 중국 제조업체의 새로운 노사관계 조정 메커니즘을 발견했습니다. 설문 조사 데이터는 중국 동부 해안 지역의 제조 기업을 대상으로 한 설문조사와 인터뷰를 기반으로얻어냈으며 유효한 샘플수는 1169개입니다. 이 연구는 15개의 연구 가설을 제시하여 그 중 13개는 확인되었고2개는 위증인것으로 나타났습니다. 이 연구는 중국 제조업체의 노사관계 조정 메커니즘이 다양하며 노동관계의 조화는 직원의 자제력, 기업경영능력, 정부지도력, 노동조합의 협상력 및 비정부 감독능력의 상호 작용에 달려있으며 특히 발언권에서더 분명하다고 생각합니다. 이 연구의 샘플 데이터는 중국 동부 해안 지역의 일부 제조업체의 조사 및 인터뷰에서 파생되기 때문에직원 자제력, 기업 관리 능력, 정부 지도, 노동 조합 협상력 및 고용 관계 목표에 대한 비정부 감독의 힘을탐구하기 위해 지역 추가 연구가 필요합니다. 이 연구는 국내외 노동관계 조정 메커니즘의 이론을 풍부하게 하고, 전통적인 이론의 삼자 조정 및 사중주조정의 한계를 돌파하고, 5자 조정 메커니즘의 이론적 틀을 제시하며, 또 다른 기여는 중국 제조업체 간의조화로운 노사 관계 구축에 유용한 관리 조언을 제공하고, 이 연구의 결론과 관리 제안은 한국 제조업체, 특히 중국에 생산 공장을 건설하는 기업에 대한 참조 값을 갖는다.

Generalized Parallel Transport and Coordinate Transformations in f(R) Gravity

Emre Dil 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.12

In this paper, we study the generalized parallel transport of vectors and generalized coordinate transformations between generalized reference frames described in f(R) gravity. After constructing the generalized parallel transport relations and the generalized transformation laws in f(R) gravity, we discuss the implications of these laws and present the differences between f(R) gravity and Einstein’s general relativity. For a constant Ricci scalar case with de Sitter-like behavior for a de Sitter space-time, we find that the parallel transport is invariant under the conformal transformation from general relativity to f(R) gravity. However, for a non-de Sitter space-time, parallel transport differs by an extra field term.

The syntax of RC extraposition in Korean: Economy and repair

Myung Kwan Park 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2017 언어연구 Vol.34 No.1

This paper investigates the syntax of relative clauses (RCs) in sentence-final position in Korean, which have been analyzed as RC right dislocation (RD)/afterthought by Park and Kim (2009) and Kim and Park (2010), Ko (2014, 2015), and Chung (2016). In this paper we argue that the construction in question is not RC RD but RC Extraposition, which behaves in the similar fashion as English or German RC/AP Extraposition. We propose, following the lead of Koster (2000), that ‘extraposed’ RCs in Korean are derived by moving out of the second conjunct minimally constructed and then elided after the comma as a specifying coordinator. To capture the local/proximate association between the ‘extraposed’ RC and its host, we suggest that structure building for both the first and the second conjuncts containing them is regulated by the economy principle on specifying coordination: the two conjuncts are constructed in a bottom-up mode as minimally as possible only up to the need of specifying coordination. However, there are cases where the economy principle on structure building in RC Extraposition is violated, and thus the apparently non-local dependency between the ‘extraposed’ RC and its host holds. We submit that these cases point to the fact that grammar entertains a strategy of repairing the grammatically-illicit derivation/representation.

관계평가좌표: 상담자를 위한 제안

김용민 한국목회상담학회 2017 목회와 상담 Vol.29 No.-

Relationships are among the most important factors in counseling and psychotherapy. The counseling relationship or therapeutic alliance is a particularly important resource for counseling as well as in understanding the relationship between counselor and client. The relationship between the counselor and the client is not only a problem for the client but also a clue to solve the problem. However, the tools to measure these relationships are poor. Thus, after many years of trial and error, I have developed relationship assessment coordinates. These relationship assessment coordinates are based on a variety of counseling theories, such as the time structuring in Eric Berne’s transactional analysis, the automatic thinking of Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy, and the individuality and unity of Murray Bowen's family therapy. Also, since a mathematical diagram is used, the relationship of the client can be grasped easily and conveniently. In particular, by using polar coordinates, the relationship with an important person can be grasped clearly by two eyes through one plane. These relationship assessment coordinates are useful not merely to assess relationships, but beyond that to improve relationships. The expression of relationship assessment coordinates is an assessment of relationship recognition rather than of the relationship itself. This paper consists of four parts: theory applied to relationship assessment coordinates, preparation of relationship assessment coordinates, the interpretation method of relationship assessment coordinates, and actual cases. Relationship assessment coordinates can be used effectively by counselors. However, they are based on my personal clinical trials, so further research should be conducted to verify the validity and reliability of the data more objectively. 상담 및 심리치료에서 관계는 무엇보다도 중요한 요소 가운데 하나이다. 특히 상담 및 심리치료에서 상담관계 또는 치료동맹은 상담자와 내담자의 관계에 대한 이해뿐만 아니라 상담 자체를 위한 중요한 자원이 되고 있다. 실제로 상담자와 내담자가 각각 맺고 있는 관계는 내담자에게 문제를 유발할 뿐만 아니라 그 문제를 해결하는 실마리가 된다. 그러나 이러한 관계를 측정할 수 있는 도구는 빈약하다. 필자는 이런 필요에서 다년간의 시행착오를 거쳐 관계평가좌표를 만들었다. 관계평가좌표는 번의 교류분석의 시간의 구조화, 벡의 인지치료의 자동적 사고, 보웬의 가족치료의 개별성과 연합성 등 다양한 상담이론에 근거해 있다. 또한 수학도식을 사용하기 때문에 내담자의 관계를 쉽고 편리하게 파악할 수 있다. 특히 극좌표를 사용함으로써 중요한 인물과의 관계를 한 평면을 통해 두 눈으로 분명하게 파악할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 이러한 관계평가좌표는 단순히 관계를 평가하는 수준을 넘어 관계를 개선하는 데도 유용하다. 관계평가좌표는 정확히 표현하면, 관계자체에 대한 평가라기보다 관계인식에 대한 평가라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 관계평가좌표에 적용된 이론, 관계평가좌표의 작성, 관계평가좌표의 해석방법, 실제 사례 등 크게 네 가지 부분으로 구성되었다. 관계평가좌표가 상담자에게 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다. 그러나 이것은 필자의 개인적 임상에 근거하고 있는 만큼 추후 연구를 통해 좀 더 객관적으로 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증할 필요가 있다.

The syntax of RC extraposition in Korean: Economy and repair

박명관 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2017 언어연구 Vol.34 No.1

This paper investigates the syntax of relative clauses (RCs) in sentence-final position in Korean, which have been analyzed as RC right dislocation (RD)/afterthought by Park and Kim (2009) and Kim and Park (2010), Ko (2014, 2015), and Chung (2016). In this paper we argue that the construction in question is not RC RD but RC Extraposition, which behaves in the similar fashion as English or German RC/AP Extraposition. We propose, following the lead of Koster (2000), that ‘extraposed’ RCs in Korean are derived by moving out of the second conjunct minimally constructed and then elided after the comma as a specifying coordinator. To capture the local/proximate association between the ‘extraposed’ RC and its host, we suggest that structure building for both the first and the second conjuncts containing them is regulated by the economy principle on specifying coordination: the two conjuncts are constructed in a bottom-up mode as minimally as possible only up to the need of specifying coordination. However, there are cases where the economy principle on structure building in RC Extraposition is violated, and thus the apparently non-local dependency between the ‘extraposed’ RC and its host holds. We submit that these cases point to the fact that grammar entertains a strategy of repairing the grammatically-illicit derivation/representation.

비대칭적 문장접속 : 담화문법 하에서 독일어 분석 An analysis of German texts within the framework of disourse grammar

이해윤 서울대학교 어학연구소 2002 語學硏究 Vol.38 No.1

In this paper, I have showed the possibility to analyze asymmetric coordinate sentences of German within a formal discourse grammar. In section 2, I have surveyed that asymmetric coordinate sentences behave themselves in the syntactic and semantic aspects differently from symmetric coordinate sentences, although they have both the coordinate conjunction und. In section 3, I have seen the so-called 'Discourse Structure Grammar' of Lee (2001) on which the analyse of this paper are based. Specially, I have accepted the concept 'discourse relations' of Sanders et al. (1992; 1993) and have postulated the hierarchy of discourse relations according to the three dimensions such as operation, polarity and source. In section 4, I have analyzed German data on the basis of the Discourse Structure Grammar. First, I have handled the asymmetric texts that contain the other discourse operators besides the conjunction und. For this case, I have assumed the 'Discourse-Relation-Principle.' According to this principle, the most specific discourse relation determines the type of the whole text, even if more than two discourse relations expressed by each discourse operator appear within the text. So we could analyze some texts containing two different discourse operators as the asymmetric type by means of that principle and the assumed hierarchy of discourse relations. Second, I have showed the possibility to analyze the tests whose type date back to the meanings of each participating sentence. That is, if we assume that we can extract the discourse relation by the meanings of each sentence, we can calculate the specificity among the discourse relations. Therefore we get the texts which can be regarded at first as symmetric ones because of the conjunction und, but which are understood as the asymmetric type.

Alliance Coordination: Explaining the Logic of Biden's Taiwan Policy†

Ye Xiaodi 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2022 Pacific Focus Vol.37 No.3

The Biden administration is attempting to transform traditional US–Taiwan relations into a multilateralism-based “US + alliance–Taiwan” interactional model, which can be conceptualized as alliance coordination. This article unpacks the logic of Biden's strategic thinking in the US Taiwan policy. Adopting an asymmetric alliance perspective, it argues that US allies' reactions to Biden's foreign policy and their ideological attitude toward China have interacted with the US placement of the Taiwan question on the agenda in the alliance system to produce different degrees of alliance coordination, which can be measured by the new typology constituted by seven approaches: all-fields approach, pure high politics approach, high politics driven approach, half-measures, low politics driven approach, pure low politics approach, and strategic inaction. Three cases, including the different reactions of Japan, European countries, and South Korea, are analyzed to demonstrate how the alliance coordination operates in realpolitik. Additionally, the assessment of this article reveals that Biden's alliance coordination would place growing strategic pressure on mainland China and introduces greater volatility into cross-strait relations.