태양반사광 규제 입법에 관한 연구

이지헌,이지민 법제처 2023 법제 Vol.703 No.-

최근 빛에 의한 공해인 광해가 사회적 문제가 되고 있다. 인공광(인공조명)에 의한 피해는 2012년 인공조명에 의한 빛공해 방지법이 제정되면서 법률로 규제 및 관리되고 있지만, 자연광에 대해서는 아직까지 아무런 규제 입법이 없다. 자연광(태양광)에 의한 피해 중 직사광에 의한 피해는 자연 현상에 의한 불가항력이나, 반사광(태양반사광)의 경우 건물 축조라는 인위적인 행위가 자연광과 결합한 것으로, 경우에 따라서는 주변 지역의 사람들과 재산에 피해를 일으킬 수 있다. 그러므로 입법을 통해 인공조명에 의한 빛공해 문제를 해결한 것처럼, 태양반사광에 의한 문제 발생을 사전에 방지할 수 있는 입법적 규제가 요구된다. 외국의 일부 국가에서는 현재 태양반사광에 대한 입법적 규제가 이루어지고 있으며, 국내에서도 태양반사광에 의한 문제 발생을 사전에 방지할 수 있는 입법적 규제가 현재 시도되고 있다. 그러나 많은 국가들이 규제 법안들을 제정하지 못한 이유 중 한 가지는 규제의 기준이 될 수 있는 자연 반사광에 의한 빛 반사 피해가 참을 한도를 넘어 생활방해에 이르는 기준을 아직까지 학계에서도 구체화하지 못하였기 때문이다. 또한 건물 재료의 반사율은 자연광의 입사각에 따라 변화하는 등 낮은 반사율을 가진 건물 재료를 사용하였다고 하더라도 자연 반사광의 피해를 전부 방지할 수는 없다. 즉, 반사율만을 기준으로 한 통제는 태양반사광으로 인한 문제 해결에 적합하지 않다. 태양반사광으로 인한 피해는 건축 재료 자체의 반사율이 영향을 미치는 부분도 있으나, 태양의 남중고도 및 태양광의 반사각도 등 주변 환경 및 지리적 위치 등에도 크게 영향을 받는다. 건물의 형태, 방위, 및 높이, 계절, 시간에 따라 자연 반사광의 영향은 달라질 수 있다. 그러므로 빛 반사로 인한 피해의 규제는 일률적인 건물 재료의 반사율 기준이 아닌 건물의 형태와 방위, 그리고 건물의 높이와 인접 건물과의 거리에 따라서 한 건물에서도 각각 다른 반사율 기준이 적용되어야 한다. 따라서 획일적인 입법을 통한 규범적 규제방식보다는 건물의 형태 및 환경조건, 보행자 및 운전자의 피해, 주변 지역으로의 열방사 등 다양한 상황을 고려한 디자인 단계에서의 ‘성능 평가’를 중심으로 규제하는 것이 바람직하다. Recently, light pollution caused by artificial light has become a social issue. Damages caused by artificial light have been regulated and managed by law since the Light Pollution Prevention Act of 2012, but there is still no legislation or regulation regarding natural light. Among the damages caused by natural light (sunlight/solar glare), direct damages caused by direct sunlight are considered unavoidable due to natural phenomena. However, reflected light (reflected solar glare) is a combination of artificial actions such as building construction with natural light and can potentially cause damage to people and properties in surrounding areas. Therefore, legislative regulation is required to prevent problems caused by reflected solar glare in advance, just as the issue of light pollution caused by artificial lighting has been addressed through legislation. Some foreign countries currently have legislative regulations in place for reflected solar glare, and similar legislative regulations are being attempted domestically to prevent issues caused by reflected solar glare in advance. However, one of the reasons why many countries have not been able to enact regulatory bills is that the threshold for damages caused by reflected natural light, which can serve as a basis for regulation, has not yet been concretely defined even within the academic community, as it extends beyond tolerable limits and interferes with daily life. Furthermore, even if building materials with low reflectance are used, the reflectance changes depending on the angle of incidence of natural light, so it is not possible to completely prevent damages caused by reflected natural light. In other words, control based solely on reflectance is not suitable for resolving problems caused by reflected solar glare. Damages caused by reflected solar glare are influenced not only by the reflectance of building materials themselves but also by the surrounding environment, geographical location, solar zenith angle, and solar azimuth angle. The impact of reflected natural light can vary depending on the shape, orientation, height of the building, as well as the season and time. Therefore, regulations on damages caused by light reflection should apply different reflectance standards for each building, depending on its shape, orientation, height, and distance from adjacent buildings, rather than using a uniform standard based on reflectance of building materials. Therefore, it is desirable to regulate through a ‘performance-based requirements’ at the design stage, considering various situations such as the shape and environmental conditions of the building, damages to pedestrians and drivers, and heat radiation to surrounding areas, rather than through uniform legislation and normative regulatory approaches.

고반사 커튼월 건물의 직사일광 반사영역 산정

이종영(Lee Jong-Young),김지현(Kim Ji-Hyun),송규동(Song Kyoo-Dong) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2008 한국건축친환경설비학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

This study presents a computer-aided visualization of the influence of reflected sunlight from glass curtain wall buildings. A reflection glare area is proposed as a performance index in the evaluation of reflection glare. A reflection glare area is conducted through the computer simulation of a 1 × 1 × 1 test model with four facades made by reflective material. The model is used to reference the horizontal area that would receive reflection in order to provide the comparison base of evaluation. A reflection glare area is smaller at the summer solstice than at the spring or autumnal equinox. The reflection glare area is compared at different angles of orientation of walls and different ratio of the width, the length and the height. In order to reduce reflection glare area, a passive design approach was applied by rotating plans to evaluate how the orientation of the facade would affect reflected glare. The simulation enabled design evaluation, with an inspection above normal eye level and in a broader area, than that which normally could be achieved in a site survey at a pedestrain's or a driver's level. The computer simulation verified the influence of reflection on the urban environment by using a time-based record.

고반사 커튼월 건물의 직사일광 반사영역 산정

이종영(Lee Jong-Young),김지현(Kim Ji-Hyun),송규동(Song Kyoo-Dong) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2008 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.2 No.2

This study presents a computer-aided visualization of the influence of reflected sunlight from glass curtain wall buildings. A reflection glare area is proposed as a performance index in the evaluation of reflection glare. A reflection glare area is conducted through the computer simulation of a 1 × 1 × 1 test model with four facades made by reflective material. The model is used to reference the horizontal area that would receive reflection in order to provide the comparison base of evaluation. A reflection glare area is smaller at the summer solstice than at the spring or autumnal equinox. The reflection glare area is compared at different angles of orientation of walls and different ratio of the width, the length and the height. In order to reduce reflection glare area, a passive design approach was applied by rotating plans to evaluate how the orientation of the facade would affect reflected glare. The simulation enabled design evaluation, with an inspection above normal eye level and in a broader area, than that which normally could be achieved in a site survey at a pedestrain's or a driver's level. The computer simulation verified the influence of reflection on the urban environment by using a time-based record.

커튼월 고층 건물 빛 반사에 의한 운전자 눈부심 가능성

송형준,서영교,Song, Hyung-Jun,Seo, Young Kyo 한국안전학회 2021 한국안전학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Buildings with glass curtain walls have become popular due to their appealing aesthetics and ability to let in natural light. However, light reflection from the glass surface is unavoidable in these buildings. In particular, the reflection of light from the glass envelope can create afterimage glare, a hazard to nearby drivers and pedestrians. Despite this potential danger, glare from buildings with curtain walls has not been well-studied. Hence, we analyzed the effect of light reflection on glare around a glass-enclosed skyscraper, depending on its surface reflectance. We investigated the potential hazard of glare to drivers using a commercially available software program. The results indicate that the direction of light reflection is distinctive when the incident angle of solar light increases. Moreover, this light reflection is high enough to induce an afterimage to drivers and pedestrians near the building. We found that keeping the reflectance of the building surface under 3% is required to minimize the afterimage hazard to drivers. Consequently, we recommend managing glass reflectance and installing additional traffic safety systems to reduce traffic accidents near curtain wall buildings.

고층건물 외장재의 태양광 경면반사에 의한 눈부심 영향 평가

이종영(Lee Jong-Young),이주윤(Lee Ju-Yoon),김지현(Kim Ji-Hyun),송규동(Song Kyoo-Dong) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2009 한국건축친환경설비학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Many high-rise buildings are built with highly specular envelop such as glass and metallic materials to show the buildings as landmarks and provide the occupants with better views. These specular building envelops, however, frequently cause glare problems when the direct sunlight is reflected from the building facades. The purpose of this study is to suggest a methodology of evaluating the glare potentials from buildings with specular surfaces by computer simulation techniques. An actual building located in Seoul was evaluated in terms of glare potentials by existence of sun, disability glare, visual field, veiling glare.

규사 혼입 도장 금속 지붕의 햇빛 경면반사에 관한 연구

정근주 대한건축학회지회연합회 2014 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.16 No.6

고정하중 및 공사비 경감과 관련하여 체육관 등의 큰 공간에 경량 철골 및 금속재 지붕재료가 사용되고 있다. 이러한 금속 지붕은 매끄러운 표면에 의하여 햇빛 경면반사를 일으키고 이에 의하여 인근지역에 불능현휘를 야기 시킨다. 이러한 현상은 인근 건물에 과열, 눈 건강 위해, 열적 불쾌적, 냉방부하 증가와 같은 환경적 문제를 발생시킨다. 본 연구는 이러한 금속 지붕의 햇빛 경면반사를 감소시키기 위하여 여러 가지 도장 샘플을 제작한 다음 각각의 햇빛 반사 휘도를 측정하고 가장 효과적인 감소방법을 찾고자 한다. 본 연구에서 9개의 샘플 가운데 7개의 샘플은 불능현휘를 발생시킬 수 있는 수준의 경면반사 휘도가 나타났다. 반면 규사를 혼합하여 표면을 매우 거칠게 구성한 2개의 샘플에서 확산반사가 발생됨에 따라 확연히 경면반사를 감소시킬 수 있었다. A lightweight building envelope, such as metal roofing, is widely used to reduce the dead load and cost of construction when designing gymnasiums and other large buildings. The specular reflection of sunlight from a gymnasium roof with a highly reflective metal material can result in disability glare. The reflective phenomenon generates environmental problems, such as the overheating of the building materials, vision problems, discomfort in thermal environment and the increase of cooling load in the neighborhood. The aim of this research is to reduce the specular reflection of sunlight from a metal roof using a rough coating, such as paint mixed with silica sand. The brightness of the sun’s reflection on a metal roof of model gymnasium was investigated. The research was carried out by using 9 samples of coating material and measuring the level of brightness of the reflected sunlight under natural sunshine condition. As the result, the disability glare occurred on 7 samples without rough surface and the diffusing reflection occurred on 2 sample surfaces with rough silica mixed coating.

빛반사 시뮬레이션을 통한 건축물의 현휘영향분석 프로세스 구축

최준우(Junwoo Choi),안승호(Seungho Ahn),김신(Shin Kim),고정림(Junglim Ko),신지웅(Jeewoong Shin) 한국태양에너지학회 2018 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.4

컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 이용한 건물 외장재의 태양광 반사에 의한 눈부심 영향 평가

이종영(Lee Jong-Young),이주윤(Lee Ju-Yoon),김지현(Kim Ji-Hyun),송규동(Song Kyoo-Dong) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2009 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

Many high-rise buildings are built with highly specular envelop such as glass and metallic materials to show the buildings as landmarks and provide the occupants with better views. These specular building envelops, however, frequently cause glare problems when the direct sunlight is reflected from the building facades. The purpose of this study is to suggest a methodology of evaluating the glare potentials from buildings with specular surfaces by computer simulation techniques. An actual building located in Seoul was evaluated in terms of glare potentials by existence of sun, disability glare, visual field, veiling glare.

외부 차양을 이용한 커튼월 건물의 태양광 반사현휘 저감방안

윤태욱(Yun, Tae-Wook),송규동(Song, Kyoo-Dong) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2015 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.9 No.1

Recently many buildings have been built with glass curtain walls. Those buildings located in urban areas frequently cause discomfort and/or disability glares for adjacent building occupants and nearby automobile drivers. This study was performed to provide information for designing external shades much as vertical fins and eggcrates to prevent specular sunlight reflections off the glass curtain walls. In this study, the geometry of the external shades were expressed as Fin Index(FI) and Eggcrate Index(EI). Fin Index is the ratio of the fin length to the width between fins. The Eggcrate Index is ratio of length to width and height. Then, RADIANCE program was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the external Shades in protecting the sunlight reflections in terms of glare occurrence and the duration of the glare. The results showed that the vertical fins effectively prevented glare from occuring when the FIs were 1.2 for 90° fins and 1.0 for 45° fins. On the other hand, no glare were observed when the buildings were treated with eggcrate shades of 1.2 EI.

RADIANCE 프로그램을 이용한 태양광 경면반사에 의한 눈부심 영향 분석방안 연구

김지현(Ji-Hyun Kim),김인태(In-Tae Kim),송규동(Kyoo-Dong Song),최안섭(An-Seop Choi) 한국생활환경학회 2013 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Many high-rise buildings are built with highly specular facades such as glass and metallic materials to show the buildings as landmarks, and provide the occupants with better views. These specular facades of buildings, however, frequently cause many problems such as daylight glare of occupants in adjacent buildings, disability glares on the pedestrian street and on the driving way and increase of cooling load at adjacent buildings when the direct sunlight is reflected from the building facades. Daylight glare reflecting off specular facades has become an important urban issue recently and it is particularly important to consider daylight reflecting on the surrounding area if the building has a specular facade. The purpose of this study is to suggest a methodology of evaluating the daylight glare due to the specular reflection form buildings with specular surfaces using RADIANCE program. This method can easily generate not only the horizontal specular reflection area but also vertical one. And it allows designers to easily estimate the daylight glare of occupants in adjacent buildings and disability glares on the surrounding area during the early stages of the design process.