폐합성수지 재활용 시설에서의 물질흐름분석을 통한 실질 재활용률 산정

김건국,장용철,이소라,이승욱,정미정,전태완,신선경 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.30 No.2

This paper presents the actual recycling rates and recycling processes of waste plastic recycling facilities using material flow analysis. Determination of actual recycling rates through the processes of waste plastics is a very important subject not only from the point of plastic recycling efficiency energy conversion but also from the perspective of the recycling technology level. In this study, the recycling processes and recycling rates of waste plastic recycling facilities were evaluated by the MFA analysis based on 14 site visits and 25 questionnaires. The MFA methodology based on mass balance approach applied to identify the inputs and outputs of recyclable plastic materials in the recycling processes at recycling facilities. It is necessary to determine the composition and flows of the input materials to be recycled in a recycling facility. A complete understanding of the waste flows in the processes along with the site visit and data surveys for the recycling facilities was required to develop a material flow for the processes and determine the actual recycling rate. The results show that the average actual recycling rates for the recycling facilities by the site visit and the questionnaire was found to be approximately 87.5 ± 7.1% and 84.3 ± 14.5%, respectively. The recycling rates depended upon several factors including the quality of incoming waste plastics, the type and operating conditions of recycling processes, and the type of final products. According to the national statistics, the recycling rate of waste plastics was about 53.7%, while the actual recycling rate at national level was estimated to be approximately 45.1% by considering the recycling performance evaluated as well as the type of recycling process applied. The results of MFA for the recycling processes served as a tool to evaluate the performance of recycling efficiency with regard to the composition of the products during recycling. They may also support the development of the strategy of improvement of recycling processes to maximize resource recovery out of the waste plastic materials.

A Monitoring System Architecture and Calculation of Practical Recycling Rate for End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling in Korea

박정환,이화조,손영태,박면웅 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.1 No.1

End-of-life vehicles (ELVs) are important recycling sources, and there are several recycling stages, including dismantling, shredding, and treatment of the automotive shredder residues (ASR). The legal recycling rate should be at least 95% by 2015. To achieve this, a unified system to monitor the recycling of ELV parts and to calculate practical recycling rates is required. This paper describes a web-based monitoring system equipped with the databases for a standard parts list, dismantling & recycling, and standard recycling rate. The system effectively collects dismantling & recycling data, and it calculates a part’s recycling rate based on the collected data. It also facilitates the estimation of a reasonable recycling rate for unreported parts by utilizing a standard recycling rate and respective ratio of treatment. The system is designed and implemented in a Windows® environment, as part of a research project sponsored by the Ministry of Environment of Korea.

생활폐기물 중 플라스틱의 물질흐름 분석을 통한 실질재활용률 산출 연구

홍인기 ( In-gi Hong ),이종수 ( Jong-soo Lee ),배재근 ( Chae-gun Phae ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2023 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.40 No.4

In accordance with the implementation of the ‘Framework Act on Resource Circulation’ in 2018, local governments are required to establish a basic plan for resource circulation and calculate resource circulation indicators to establish a basic resource circulation plan. However, among the resource circulation indicators, the ‘circulation utilization rate’ refers to the ratio of the actual recycling capacity to the amount of waste generated. Therefore, the status of the residues generated in the recycling process of waste should be taken into account. However, the currently announced ‘national waste generation and treatment status’ does not include the data on the residues generated during the selection process, making it difficult to calculate the actual recycling rate. In this study, each result value was derived using a material flow chart divided into five stages and a two-stage recycling process to calculate an appropriate actual recycling rate. As a result, the actual recycling rate of plastic waste among domestic waste was calculated as 71.70, and the final disposal rate was 15.25. As a result, it is judged that realistic figures were calculated compared to the actual recycling rate (100%) and final disposal rate (0%) calculated based on the national waste generation and treatment status used in most local governments and municipalities.

전기전자제품의 재활용가능률 표준산정방법에 관한 연구

이화조(Hwa-Cho Yi),강홍윤(Hong-Yun Kang),심강식(Kangsik Shim),김진한(Jinhan Kim),심재술(Jaesul Sim) 한국청정기술학회 2009 청정기술 Vol.15 No.1

폐자동차의 실질적 재활용률 산정을 위한 모니터링 체계에 관한 연구

박정환(Jung Whan Park),이화조(Hwa-Cho Yi),박면웅(Myon Woong Park),손영태(Young Tae Sohn) 한국청정기술학회 2012 청정기술 Vol.18 No.4

Seismic Analysis on Recycled Aggregate Concrete Frame Considering Strain Rate Effect

Changqing Wang,Jianzhuang Xiao,Zhenping Sun 한국콘크리트학회 2016 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.10 No.3

The nonlinear behaviors of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) frame structure are investigated by numerical simulation method with 3-D finite fiber elements. The dynamic characteristics and the seismic performance of the RAC frame structure are analyzed and validated with the shaking table test results. Specifically, the natural frequency and the typical responses (e.g., storey deformation, capacity curve, etc.) from Model 1 (exclusion of strain rate effect) and Model 2 (inclusion of strain rate effect) are analyzed and compared. It is revealed that Model 2 is more likely to provide a better match between the numerical simulation and the shaking table test as key attributes of seismic behaviors of the frame structure are captured by this model. For the purpose to examine how seismic behaviors of the RAC frame structure vary under different strain rates in a real seismic situation, a numerical simulation is performed by varying the strain rate. The storey displacement response and the base shear for the RAC frame structure under different strain rates are investigated and analyzed. It is implied that the structural behavior of the RAC frame structure is significantly influenced by the strain rate effect. On one hand, the storey displacements vary slightly in the trend of decreasing with the increasing strain rate. On the other hand, the base shear of the RAC frame structure under dynamic loading conditions increases with gradually increasing amplitude of the strain rate.

재활용 산업관련 부가가치세 세정합리화 방안에 관한 연구

정지선 ( Chung Ji-sun ) 서울시립대학교 법학연구소 2008 조세와 법 Vol.1 No.2

21세기는 친환경적인 정책이 매우 중요한 정책이다. 그러나, 우리나라의 경우에는 친환경적인 업종 중 하나인 재활용업체에 대하여 오히려 세제상 불리하게 취급하는 등 여러 가지 문제점을 내포하고 있는 실정이다. 왜냐하면, 재활용 산업의 경우에는 당해 업종의 특성상 세금계산서의 수수가 쉽지 않을 뿐만 아니라 재활용사업자의 대부분은 그 규모가 매우 영세하여 세무신고에 있어서 많은 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정인데, 일반적인 사업자와 동일한 의무를 부여하고 있기 때문이다. 또한, 재활용 산업은 지구의 온난화 방지 등 국가적인 측면에서 매우 긍정적인 산업인데 반하여 현실적으로는 오히려 비용공제 또는 세무신고 등 세제상 여러 면에서 오히려 불리하게 취급되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 관점에서 우리나라 부가가치세에 있어서 재활용 업체와 중소기업에 한정하여 세무행정의 문제점과 개선방안을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 재활용폐자원 등에 대한 매입세액공제율은 최소한 10/110으로 상향조정하여야 할 것이다. 다만, 현재의 공제율인 6/106에서 10/110으로 공제율을 일시에 상향조정하게 되면, 세수 감소액이 지나치게 많아지는 문제점이 발생할 수 있으므로 일정한 기간을 두고 단계적으로 상향 조정하여 최종적으로는 10/110으로 하도록 하는 것이 타당하다. 둘째, 재활용업체의 특수성을 반영하여 성명 또는 명칭의 기재를 생략할 수 있도록 하는 제도적인 장치를 마련할 필요가 있다 셋째, 간이과세 배제기준을 간소화할 필요가 있으며, 업종별 부가가치율 결정의 객관성을 보장하기 위한 적절한 절차규정의 마련이 시급한 과제라고 할 것이다. 넷째, 일반적으로 재활용품의 경우에는 소득수준이 낮은 계층이 주로 소비하는 경향이 강하다. 따라서 현재의 단일비례세율구조보다는 복수의 세율구조를 도입하는 것을 심각하게 검토할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 재활용업체 등과 같이 불특정다수인으로부터 소액거래하는 업종의 경우에는 당해 업종의 특성을 감안하여 일정금액 이하인 경우에는 청구서 등의 보존의무를 면제하는 것을 검토하여야 한다. Environmental-friendly policy is very important in the 21st century. However, in Korea, recycling businesses, which is one of the eco-friendly businesses, are treated rather unfairly in terms of tax policy and in other issues. Recycling business have difficulties in retrieving tax invoices because of the business characteristics and in filing tax returns due to their small sizes; yet, same tax obligation is applied for recycling businesses as other regular businesses. Also, on the contrary to the fact that the recycling business is very beneficial for the government in many aspects such as green-house effect prevention, in reality, it is treated unfairly with expense deduction or tax filing requirements. From this perspective, issues in value-added tax administration and action plans for recycling businesses and other small businesses can be listed as following. First, deemed input tax deduction for recycled resources should be changed to at least 10/110. Only, there is a chance that changing the lax deduction from 6/106 to 10/110 at once may cause dramatic decrease in tax revenue. It is reasonable to reduce in steps for a certain period of time to ultimately reach 10/110. Second, in consideration of characteristics of recycling businesses, regulatory measures to allow omission of name of person or entity should be established. Third, there is a need for simplification of exclusion standards for simplified taxation. Establishing an adequate process regulations to preserve objectivity. Fourth, generally, people with lower income level is more likely to purchase recycled products. Therefore, multiple income tax rate must be seriously considered to replace single proportionate rate. Lastly, in consideration for the nature of the business, as in the case of recycling business which does business with many and unspecified persons in small amounts, policy to exempt from obligations to keep records, such as bills, under a certain amount should be established.

Analysis on the dynamic characteristics of RAC frame structures

Changqing Wang,Jianzhuang Xiao 국제구조공학회 2017 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.64 No.4

The dynamic tests of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) are carried out, the rate-dependent mechanical models of RAC are proposed. The dynamic mechanical behaviors of RAC frame structure are investigated by adopting the numerical simulation method of the finite element. It is indicated that the lateral stiffness and the hysteresis loops of RAC frame structure obtained from the numerical simulation agree well with the test results, more so for the numerical simulation which is considered the strain rate effect than for the numerical simulation with strain rate excluded. The natural vibration frequency and the lateral stiffness increase with the increase of the strain rate. The dynamic model of the lateral stiffness is proposed, which is reasonably applied to describe the effect of the strain rate on the lateral stiffness of RAC frame structure. The effect of the strain rate on the structural deformation and capacity of RAC is analyzed. The analyses show that the inter-story drift decreases with the increase of the strain rate. However, with the increasing strain rate, the structural capacity increases. The dynamic models of the base shear coefficient and the overturning moment of RAC frame structure are developed. The dynamic models are important and can be used to evaluate the strength deterioration of RAC structure under dynamic loading.

Seismic Analysis on Recycled Aggregate Concrete Frame Considering Strain Rate Effect

Wang, Changqing,Xiao, Jianzhuang,Sun, Zhenping Korea Concrete Institute 2016 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.10 No.3

The nonlinear behaviors of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) frame structure are investigated by numerical simulation method with 3-D finite fiber elements. The dynamic characteristics and the seismic performance of the RAC frame structure are analyzed and validated with the shaking table test results. Specifically, the natural frequency and the typical responses (e.g., storey deformation, capacity curve, etc.) from Model 1 (exclusion of strain rate effect) and Model 2 (inclusion of strain rate effect) are analyzed and compared. It is revealed that Model 2 is more likely to provide a better match between the numerical simulation and the shaking table test as key attributes of seismic behaviors of the frame structure are captured by this model. For the purpose to examine how seismic behaviors of the RAC frame structure vary under different strain rates in a real seismic situation, a numerical simulation is performed by varying the strain rate. The storey displacement response and the base shear for the RAC frame structure under different strain rates are investigated and analyzed. It is implied that the structural behavior of the RAC frame structure is significantly influenced by the strain rate effect. On one hand, the storey displacements vary slightly in the trend of decreasing with the increasing strain rate. On the other hand, the base shear of the RAC frame structure under dynamic loading conditions increases with gradually increasing amplitude of the strain rate.

Design and Control of Pneumatic System for Recycling Classification of Non-Ferrous Metals

Minjae Cho,Eunsung Kwon,Kyi-Hwan Park 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.2

South Korea is a resource-dependent country that relies on the import of most metal resources. Therefore, we should save resources through recycling. In particular, the recycle rate of non-ferrous metals is very low. This is due to the limitations of the recycling technology currently in use. To overcome these limitations, non-ferrous metal recycling studies using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy are underway. In this paper, we will discuss an automatic metal classification system that receives metal information from a laser-induced breakdown spectrum and classifies a metal scrap by material. Currently, sorting systems use non-contact pneumatic systems. Compared to the contact method, the system is durable and is controlled at high-speed. This is because the system does not directly contact the metal scrap. Therefore, we will study how to effectively use the flow rate by modeling the pneumatic system.