Polygraph검사와 GSR(Galvanic Skin Response)평가 정확성에 대한 연구

임금섭,이재석 한국범죄심리학회 2019 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.15 No.2

As long as scientists measure and comprehend objectively, the mechanistic structure that creates certain properties, including the properties of consciousness, need not be similar to those that arise therefrom. For example, explosions are not like explosives. (Gerald Edelman, 2004) The polygraph device structure generally consists of a part measuring the respiration reaction, a part measuring the skin current resistance, a part measuring blood pressure and pulse, and a power device recording the above three on the physiological reaction chart. In physiology, stimulation is a change sensed in an internal or external environment. Stimuli are sensed by sensory receptors and the body reacts to stimuli. Internal stimuli can affect the homeostatic system and external stimuli can cause reactions throughout the body, such as fighting or escape reactions. Electrodermal phenomenon has been associated with psychological factors since the 1880s, and dermal electricity is the most commonly used biological signal in modern psychophysiology. Skin electrical phenomena are widely used because of the simplicity of measurement and the magnitude of the response, which are correlated with the strength of the stimulus and psychological significance. In existing polygraph tests, the electrodermal response (EDR) of all signals collected and analyzed during psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) or polygraph test is an important location. Despite the firmness and practical simplicity of EDR (electrical skin response), psychophysiological mechanisms are complex and imperfectly understood (Lykken & Venables, 1971). Modern science is a breakthrough in molecular biology, neuroscience and brain science And the breadth of understanding is widening. 본 연구에서는 Polygraph검사 시 말초신경계의 피부 감각을 측정하는 데 중요한 파라미터(변수)로 사는데 중요한 비중을 차지하고 있다는 것을 검증하고, 사건과 관련한 PG검사 시 손가락에 부착하는 GSR의 패치를 손바닥에 붙였을 때 효과성에 대해 검증하고자 하였다. 전기피부반응인 GSR은 피부전기반응(Electrodermal Response, EDR)과 피부전기활동(Electrodermal Acti용하고 있는 GSR(Galvanic Skin Response)의 이론적 배경의 정확성과 자극에 대한 반응을 판단하vity, EDA)로 혼용하여 사용되어지며, 사람의 감정에 변화가 생기면 피부전기저항이 감소하는데 손에 땀이 나기 1초 전에 이미 GSR반응이 나타난다고 한다. Polygraph검사에서 검사관의 언어 자극에 의하여 피검사자의 시상을 통해서 대뇌피질에 통하여 전달되면 대뇌피질에서 표상되어 다시 뇌의 운동영역에서 자극에 대한 반응이 척수를 통해서 말초신경계로 전달되어 반응하게 되는데 이것은 피부반응센서를 이용하여 측정할 수 있다. 만약 피검사자가 속이려는 의도가 있을 때에는 대뇌피질에 표상(매핑)되어 인지부조화 현상으로 비정상적인 생리 반응이 표출되어 GSR센서를 통하여 검사 챠트에 기록되어 진다. 연구결과로는 GSR채널을 이용한 검사방법이 자극에 대한 반응을 판단하는데 중요한 비중을 차지하고 있다는 것을 다시 한 번 검증하였다. 또한 직업상 요리사나 염색하는 사람 등 화학물질 사용으로 인해 GSR센서 반응이 잘 나타나지 않은 사람들에 대하여 손가락이 아닌 손바닥에 붙여서 측정하였는데 피검사자의 선택 답변에 따른 자극 반응 또한 정확하게 나타났다. GSR반응 검사방법이 연구로 통해 다시 한 번 반응에 대한 정확한 평가가 이루어질 수 있다는 것을 확인하였고, Polygraph검사에서 GSR센서를 이용한 검사방법이 더욱 활발하게 연구가 진행되기를 바란다.

광고 효과 위계과정에 따른 심리생리학적 측정 방법의 적용

이시훈(Si Hoon Lee),송인덕(In Deok Song),안주아(Joo Ah Ahn) 한국광고홍보학회 2010 광고연구 Vol.0 No.85

본 연구는 광고 효과 위계과정에 따른 심리생리학적 측정 방법의 적용 가능성을 검토하는 것을 연구 목적으로 하고 있다. 인지적 주의, 시각적 주의, 각성, 감정적 유인가 등을 심장 혈관계 활동, 안구 운동, 전기피부활동, 안면 근전도 등의 심리생리학적 지표로 측정한 후, 자기보고식 설문결과와 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 인지적 주의를 제외한 심리생리학적 지표들에서 광고물 노출 전과 노출 후에 측정값의 차이가 나타났다. 이는 심리생리학적 지표들이 시각적 주의, 각성, 즐거움 등의 종속변인들을 제대로 측정해 주고 있음을 의미한다. 하지만, 위협 수준의 차이가 광고 효과에 미치는 영향은 심리생리학적 지표가 제대로 측정하는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우가 모두 나타났다. 이는 자기보고식 설문이 위협 수준에 따른 여러 광고 효과의 차이를 입증한 것과 비교가 되는 결과였다. 이러한 차이는 추후 연구를 통해서 그 원인을 규명해 볼 필요가 있다. The purpose of the present study is to examine the applicability and suitability of psychophysiological measures to the hierarchical process of advertising effects. Cognitive attention, visual attention, arousal, and emotional valence were measured in psychophysiological measures including cardiovascular activity, eye movement, electrodermal activity, and facial electromyography, which were, then, compared with the self-reported responses. The results show that there were differences in all the psychophysiological measures(except cognitive attention) before and after exposure to the advertisement, indicating that psychophysiological measures may reflect well the psychological responses such as visual attention, arousal, and pleasure. However, psychophysiological measures were found not to be as sensitive to the differences in threat as the self-reported responses were. This result suggests that the following studies need to further examine the differences between psychophysiolocal measures and self-reported responses.

사용자 경험의 측정과 평가를 위한 심리생리학적 접근

박정순(Park, Jeong Soon) 한국디자인지식학회 2010 디자인지식저널 Vol.15 No.-

주관적 보고(subjective report)와 같이 사용자 경험을 평가하기 위해 사용되는 전통적인 방법들은 점점 그 문제점을 노출하고 있다. 이런 방법들은 사용자가 어떤 상황에 한참 몰입해 있는 동안 자신이 느낀 경험이나 감정이 어떤지 말하거나 기술하도록 요구해 사용자의 경험 과정을 방해한다. 사용자의 생리적 반응을 이용하는 방법은 사용자의 경험과정을 방해하지 않으면서 전체적인 경험과정에 대한 데이터를 제공해 주는 새로운 평가 방법론이다. 본 연구에서는 심리생리학적 방법론의 전반적인 개요에 대해 살펴보고 인간과 시스템의 상호작용에 의해 유발되는 사용자 경험의 측정과 평가에 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지 고찰하였다. 특히 생리학적 방법이 가지고 있는 가능성과 도전과제 그리고 앞으로의 전망 등에 대해 중점적으로 논의하였다. 사용자 경험 평가에 생리적 반응을 이용하는 방법은 제품 개발에 매우 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이며, 기존의 전통적인 방법에 의해 수집된 정보를 더 깊이 있고 의미 있게 만들어 줄 것이다. Several problems have been pointed out concerning traditional methods for measuring the user experience such as subjective report. These methods interrupt the process of user experience as participants have to be asked for reporting their experiences and emotions while being absorbed in his/her task. Psychophysiological methods give new possibilities of the UX evaluation methodology, which offer data throughout the process of experience without interrupting the experience of the participants. In this paper we provide a short overview of psychophysiological methods for user experience research and investigate how to apply to the evaluation of the user experience caused by haman-system interaction. Especially our outcomes will be discussed considering the possibilities, challenges and feasibility of these methods in the area of interactive system development. User experience evaluation based on the psychophysiological measurements provide very important informations and can help to deepen and expand the insights gathered by traditional methods.

APPLYING BIOMETRIC METHODS TO UNDERSTAND LUXURY CONSUMERS’ EMOTIONAL RESPONSES

Billy Sung,Ian Phau 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Measuring consumers’ emotion with self-report methods has remained a challenge in luxury marketing. In comparison to self-report measure, psychophysiological methods promise to provide a scientific, objective and sensitive measure of the neurophysiological basis of emotional processes. The objective of this paper is to: (1) examine the feasibility of using psychophysiological methods in luxury marketing; (2) compare the capability of psychophysiological methods to capture emotion beyond those measured by self-report methods; and (3) better under luxury consumers’ emotion processes. In this study, brain wave analysis, heart rate, skin conductance, and facial expression were used to investigate consumers’ emotional response toward luxury marketing stimuli. The psychophysiological findings identified anger, interest and arousal as key emotional processes that affect consumers’ reaction to luxury branding. These findings show that psychophysiological methods are not only feasible in informing luxury branding practices but also provide insights into luxury consumers’ emotional experience beyond those captured by self-report methods.

외상 후 스트레스 장애의 정신생리학

오동훈,김석현 漢陽大學校 精神健康硏究 2003 精神健康硏究 Vol.22 No.-

한의학의 정신 생리와 병리에 대한 소고 -황제내경의 오신, 칠정을 중심으로-

최우진 ( Woo-jin Choi ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2018 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the theories about the psychophysiology and psychopathology of Korean Medicine. Methods: The concepts and functions of spirit (神), soul (魂魄), five spirits (五神), and seven emotions (七情) occurring in the Huangdineijing have been interpreted, and the correlation between thought and emotion considered. Results and Conclusions: (1) Spirit (神) refers to the source and discipline of vital activity and mental activity. (2) With soul (魂魄), ethereal soul (魂) manifests itself as the mental process, and corporeal soul (魄) as the physical sensory interaction, such as the nervous system. (3) In the five spirits, ethereal soul (魂) is the recognition process of drawing out memories. Spirit (神) is the process of creative thought. Cognition (意) is the ability to recognize and integrate information. Corporeal soul (魄) is the process of selecting what is important and choosing it. Will (志) is the process of storing memories. Ethereal soul (魂) and corporeal soul (魄) of the five spirits (五神) and soul (魂魄) use the same characters, but the meaning differs. Also, spirit (神) and the spirit (神) in five spirits (五神) are the same character, but, because the meaning is different, they need to be interpreted according to the context. (4) Heart (心),·Cognition (意),·Will (志),·Thought (思),·Consideration (慮), and·Wisdom(智) are all cognitive processes, like perception, recognition, and thinking. (5) Psychopathology is when excessive emotion affects the five viscera, harming the Energy (氣) and Blood (血) and eventually affecting the five spirits, which causes problems in thinking. Therefore, for healthy mental functioning, not only must the emotions be regulated so that they do not become excessive, but the five viscera also need to be kept healthy.

일인칭 슈팅게임에서 심리생리학적 방법을 이용한 사용자 경험의 측정과 평가

박정순(Park Jeong Soon) 한국디지털디자인학회 2012 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.12 No.2

게임의 효과적인 개발을 위해서는 게이머가 게임을 하면서 느끼는 여러 가지 경험들을 실증적으로 이해해야하며, 이를 위해 최근 게임의 사용자 경험 연구에 심리생리학적 방법론을 적용하려는 시도가 새롭게 나타나고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 설문지를 통해 주관적으로 자신의 상태를 기술하는 자가보고 방법과 객관적인 정신생리학적 측정방법을 사용해 게임에 의해 유발되는 사용자 경험의 다양한 특성을 실험적으로 알아보는 것이다. 실험에서는 사용자가 일인칭 슈팅게임인 "카운터스트라이크"의 세 가지 변형본을 플레이하는 동안 안면 근전도와 피부전기반응을 측정하였으며, 각각의 에피소드가 끝난 직후 자가보고를 위한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 실험결과 자가보고에서 통계적 유의성이 입증된 긴장과 도전 항목의 경우 전투에 의한 몰입 경험을 유발하도록 구성된 세 번째 에피소드에서 가장 높은 점수를 기록했으며, 생리적 반응에서도 몰입에 의한 긍정적 감정의 전형적인 지표인 큰광대근육과 눈둘레근육의 측정값이 가장 높았을 뿐 아니라 감정의 강도를 알려주는 피부전도율 역시 가장 높은 측정값을 보여주었다. 이러한 실험결과를 바탕으로 객관적으로 측정한 정신생리학적 지표와 실험참가자가 주관적으로 기술한 자가보고 사이에 어느 정도 뚜렷한 상관관계가 있음을 유추할 수 있었다. 이런 상관관계는 심리생리학적 방법론이 얼마나 신뢰할 만한 것인지 보여주는 것이며, 게임이 진행되는 동안 게이머가 느끼는 감정상태를 좀 더 객관적이고 실시간으로 파악하는데 심리생리학적 방법이 가지고 있는 잠재적 가능성을 입증해주는 것이다. Game developer should understand empirically the variety of experiences that players encountered when playing a game. And there has been a recent shift of focus toward trying to apply psychophysiological methods to game-play experience research. The aim of this study was to investigated different traits of user experience using subjectively reported game-play experience through questionnaires and objectively measured game-player responses with psychophysiological methods. In experiment, participants played three level design modifications of first-person shooter game "Counter Strike" while measures such as facial-EMG and electrodermal activity(EDA) were taken. After completion of each episode level, participants filled out a paper version of the game experience questionnaire(GEQ) to rate their experience. The results of this study showed that the third episode level designed for combat-oriented flow experience scored the highest on tension and challenge dimensions of questionnaire. And also, this level designed for the flow condition demonstrated the highest values for positive valence(measured by OO and ZM activity) as well as for arousal(i.e., EDA). Based on this results, we inferred that objectively measured psychophysiological index had some significant relationship with self-reported emotional state within game-play. This correlation had great potential for providing real-time emotional profiles of game-play, and the study reported here supported that psychophysiological responses could be an indicator of player states in game-play experience as indicated by relation to subjective player reports.

The New Design of Brain Measurement System for Immersive Virtual Reality

Gyoung Mo Kim(김경모),Joonhyun Jeon(전준현) 한국HCI학회 2017 한국HCI학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.4

최근 인지과학의 활발한 연구와 기술의 발달로 인해 사회과학분야에서 정신생리학적 연구를 통한 뇌의 다양한 측정과 정교한 분석 기법이 개발 되었다. 그러나 뇌파를 이용한 뉴미디어활용에 관한 연구는 장비들을 장착하는 과정에서의 한계점으로 인해 진행되지 못하였다. 이러한 문제를 극복하고자, 가상현실장비를 착용한 상태에서도 전 영역의 뇌파측정이 가능한 캡을 디자인하고 활용방법을 제안한다. With the technological development, benefits of Virtual Reality (VR) has become a key of medium in communication research. In addition, explaining human minds with physiological data has become more popular since more accurate and detailed data can be expressed. However, reading brain signals in a virtual environment setting with psychophysiological measures (e.g. EEG and fNIRS) has remained a difficulty for researchers due to a technical constraint. Since a combination of cables for brain measures attached to a head cap obstruct wearing a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) over the cap, measuring brain activities with multiple channels on several areas of the brain is inappropriate in the VR setting. Therefore, we have developed a new brain measurement cap that includes probe connectors and brackets enabling a direct connection to the HMD. We highly expect this method would contribute to cognitive psychology research measuring brain signals with new technology.

Preliminary Evidence for the Psychophysiological Effects of a Technological Atmosphere in E-Commerce

Jung, Yeo Jin,Lee, Yuri,Kim, Ha Youn,Yoon, So-Yeon Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility 2018 감성과학 Vol.21 No.1

As information and communication technologies (ICTs) become more advanced, consumers are able to experience retailing activities such as searching for products and services in online retail shops and for Internet-exclusive branded contents. Specifically, fashion retailers are facing the need to develop more novel experiential design than one another to maximize customers' experience in Internet websites and secure sustainable competency. Confirming methods of organic integration of experiential and visual features of both online and mobile channels is an important aspect of the study of extended consumers' interfaces of retail channels. Mehrabian and Russell's stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) paradigm and Sugiyama and Andree's attention, interest, search, action, and share (AISAS) model were used for this research. Specifically, the present study considered the effect of e-commerce website features on consumers' emotional reactions (pleasure and arousal) and the consequent impact on online consumer behaviors (search, action, and share). Hence, plus the self-reported survey methods, each subject's psychophysiological indicators (i.e., pleasure and arousal) were measured to obtain more objective and reliable data and to redeem the results of the self-reported survey. Findings revealed the implications of the e-commerce website feature by comprehending the S-O-R paradigm and AISAS model and extending the understanding of the role of variables associated with comprehended frameworks based on psychophysiological data.

Influence of Fragrances on Psychophysiological Functions in Healing Agriculture

Ponnuvel Deepa,손하라라잔 칸다사미,김성문 한국잔디학회 2023 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.12 No.3

In aromatherapy, fragrances produced from various natural products have played a key role in the psychophysiological functions of human beings for hundreds of years. Fragrances are volatile components with <300 Dalton (Da) molecular weight. Fragrant components are perceived by humans via the olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory system. Numerous studies documented that exposure to fragrances rapidly affects human behavior and cognitive functions by altering brain wave activity. Among different electrophysiological methods, an electroencephalograph (EEG) can be effectively used to identify the negative or positive impacts of fragrances on brain functions. The EEG recording offers information regarding the physiological state of the brain by measuring the changes in brain waves (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). The activation of a respective wave is closely associated with the particular brain function. In this context, several studies have been performed to determine the effect of fragrance inhalation on human brain functions such as cognition, mood, and social behavior. In this review, we discussed the influence of fragrances on the psychophysiological functions of humans from previously published papers. This review could be useful to develop different perfumery products in order to improve human brain functions. In addition, this review is highly likely to be used in the field of healing agriculture, which has recently risen in the field of agriculture.