Immediate Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Balance and Proprioception During One-leg Standing

Je Jeongwoo,최우철 한국전문물리치료학회 2022 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Background: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a physical modality used to activate skeletal muscles for strengthening. While voluntary muscle contraction (VMC) follows the progressive recruitment of motor units in order of size from small to large, NMES-induced muscle contraction occurs in a nonselective and synchronous pattern. Therefore, the outcome of muscle strengthening training using NMES-induced versus voluntary contraction might be different, which might affect balance performance. Objects: We examined how the NMES training affected balance and proprioception. Methods: Forty-four young adults were randomly assigned to NMES and VMC group. All participants performed one-leg standing on a force plate and sat on the Biodex (Biodex R Corp.) to measure balance and ankle proprioception, respectively. All measures were conducted before and after a training session. In NMES group, electric pads were placed on the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles for 20 minutes. In VMC group, co-contraction of the three muscles was conducted. Outcome variables included mean distance, root mean square distance, total excursion, mean velocity, 95% confidence circle area acquired from the center of pressure data, and absolute error of dorsi/plantarflexion. Results: None of outcome variables were associated with group (p > 0.35). However, all but plantarflexion error was associated with time (p < 0.02), and the area and mean velocity were 37.0% and 18.6% lower in post than pre in NMES group, respectively, and 48.9% and 16.7% lower in post than pre in VMC group, respectively. Conclusion: Despite different physiology underlying the NMES-induced versus VMC, both training methods improved balance and ankle joint proprioception.

턱관절과 넙다리뒤근 고유수용성신경근촉진 중재가 능동 입벌리기 및 넙다리뒤근 유연성에 미치는 영향

윤삼원 ( Sam-won Yun ),손호희 ( Ho-hee Son ) 대한신경치료학회 2017 신경치료 Vol.21 No.2

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) intervention for temporomandibular joints and hamstring on active mouth opening and hamstring flexibility. Methods 17 healthy adults were included in this randomized, single blind, crossover design study. The possibility of carry over effect could not be excluded. Before and after intervention, forward flexion distance, popliteal angle and active mouth opening were evaluated and results were analyzed. After first participating in the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) intervention for temporomandibular joints, each subject visited again after a week to prevent the carry_over effect and then participate in the other intervention. Results Both proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) intervention significantly improved forward flexion distance, popliteal angle and active mouth opening. Comparing the two intervention, TM joint intervention significantly improved popliteal angle. Hamstring intervention significantly improved active mouth opening. No significant differences in forward flexion distance test were found between interventions. Conclusion Although proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) intervention on hamstring had a effect on indirect intervention of active mouth opening, it is considered that more study is needed for clinical application.

Effects of Aquatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Pattern Exercise on Balance, Gait ability and Depression in Patients with Chronic Stroke

이동규,황태연 대한물리치료학회 2019 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Purpose: This study examined the effects of aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise on the balance, gait ability, and depression in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic stroke were assigned randomly to an experimental (n=15) or control (n=15) group. The experimental group performed aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise. The control group performed ground proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week for six weeks. The balance ability was measured using the Berg balance scale. The gait ability was measured using the 10 Meter walk test. Depression was measured using the Beck depression inventory. Results: As a result of a comparison within groups, the experimental and control group showed a significant difference for balance, gait ability, and depression after the experiment (p<0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group, in which aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise was applied, showed more significant changes in balance, gait ability, and depression than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise effectively improved the balance, gait ability and depression in patients with chronic stroke.

Effects of Aquatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Pattern Exercise on Balance, Gait ability and Depression in Patients with Chronic Stroke

Lee, Dong-Kyu,Hwang, Tae-Yeun 대한물리치료학회 2019 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Purpose: This study examined the effects of aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise on the balance, gait ability, and depression in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic stroke were assigned randomly to an experimental (n=15) or control (n=15) group. The experimental group performed aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise. The control group performed ground proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week for six weeks. The balance ability was measured using the Berg balance scale. The gait ability was measured using the 10 Meter walk test. Depression was measured using the Beck depression inventory. Results: As a result of a comparison within groups, the experimental and control group showed a significant difference for balance, gait ability, and depression after the experiment (p<0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group, in which aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise was applied, showed more significant changes in balance, gait ability, and depression than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise effectively improved the balance, gait ability and depression in patients with chronic stroke.

Effects of Aquatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Pattern Exercise on Balance, Gait ability and Depression in Patients with Chronic Stroke

( Dong-kyu Lee ),( Tae-yeun Hwang ) 대한물리치료학회 2019 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Purpose: This study examined the effects of aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise on the balance, gait ability, and depression in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic stroke were assigned randomly to an experimental (n=15) or control (n=15) group. The experimental group performed aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise. The control group performed ground proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week for six weeks. The balance ability was measured using the Berg balance scale. The gait ability was measured using the 10 Meter walk test. Depression was measured using the Beck depression inventory. Results: As a result of a comparison within groups, the experimental and control group showed a significant difference for balance, gait ability, and depression after the experiment (p<0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group, in which aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise was applied, showed more significant changes in balance, gait ability, and depression than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise effectively improved the balance, gait ability and depression in patients with chronic stroke.

고유수용성 신경근 촉진법과 자가 보조적 관절 가동운동이 견관절 유착성 관절낭염 치료에 미치는 영향

윤장순 ( Jang Soon Yoon ),정해익 ( Hai Ik Jung ) 대한물리의학회 2013 대한물리의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of the study was to investigate a influence in Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and self-assisted ROM exercise of shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Methods : The methods of the study was to investigate a change in range of motion (ROM), an increase in ROM, visual analogue scale (VAS) and disability questionnaire by Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and self-assisted ROM exercise on 32 patients who were diagnosed with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Results : There was no significant difference between the two groups who were treated in the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and self-assistive ROM exercise group for flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, VAS and disability questionnaire. Both group`s flexion, extension, internal ratation, and external rotation levels were significantly different before and after the treatment. And significant statistical decrease in VAS and disability was seen. The extension of the shoulder joint was closely related to external rotation (r=0.84). There was a close relationship between internal rotation and external rotation at the shoulder joint. There was no increased range of extension through the exercise method. However, flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, VAS, and disability questionnaire of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation groups were obviously higher than in the self-assisted ROM exercise group. Conclusion : Our study suggest that considering Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation for the patient who has shoulder adhesive capsulitis in clinic.

The Impact of Functional Electrical Stimulus and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation to Scapula Adductor on Upper Limb Functions and Gait of the Patients with Stroke

Sang Hyun Moon,Wan Sung Hong,Sang Soo Kim,Ho Jung An,Young Hwa Song,Yong Kwon Kim,Jung Hyun Choi,Bo Kyoung Kim,Sung Ho Kim,Wan Suk Choi,Kyoung Ok Min 국제물리치료학회 2010 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.1 No.2

The present study examined the effects of functional electrical stimulus( group 1), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(group 2) and combined training of functional electrical stimulus and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(group 3) with scapula adductor muscles on scapula movement, upper limb function and gait in fifteen subjects stroke patients. The training was thirty minutes a day, five times a week for six weeks, obtained result as follow, upper limb function was significant difference in the group 2(p<.05) but no significant difference in other groups. The change of weight bearing were significant difference in all the groups(p<.05), and increase of gait velocity were significant difference in all the group(p<.05). In conclusion, when applied with functional electrical stimulus, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and combined training to the scapular adductor muscles, it was oberved in the course of the experiment that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation was the most effective treatment among the three methods applied to the scapula adductors.

The Impact of Functional Electrical Stimulus and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation to Scapula Adductor on Upper Limb Functions and Gait of the Patients with Stroke

Moon, Sang-Hyun,Hong, Wan-Sung,Kim, Sang-Soo,An, Ho-Jung,Song, Young-Hwa,Kim, Yong-Kwon,Choi, Jung-Hyun,Kim, Bo-Kyoung,Kim, Sung-Ho,Choi, Wan-Suk,Min, Kyoung-Ok International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2010 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.1 No.2

The present study examined the effects of functional electrical stimulus(group 1), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(group 2) and combined training of functional electrical stimulus and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(group 3) with scapula adductor muscles on scapula movement, upper limb function and gait in fifteen subjects stroke patients. The training was thirty minutes a day, five times a week for six weeks, obtained result as follow, upper limb function was significant difference in the group 2(p<.05) but no significant difference in other groups. The change of weight bearing were significant difference in all the groups(p<.05), and increase of gait velocity were significant difference in all the group(p<.05). In conclusion, when applied with functional electrical stimulus, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and combined training to the scapular adductor muscles, it was oberved in the course of the experiment that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation was the most effective treatment among the three methods applied to the scapula adductors.

고유수용성신경근촉진법 패턴 운동과 스크램블러 치료가 유방암 환자의 통증과 가동범위 및 어깨기능장애에 미치는 영향

박재철,박한규,이동규 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2023 PNF and Movement Vol.21 No.1

Purpose: The study aims to examine the effects of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise and scrambler therapy on pain, range of motion (ROM), and shoulder dysfunction in breast cancer patients. Methods: In total, 30 breast cancer patients were recruited and randomized to group I (n = 10), group II (n = 10), and group III (n = 10). Pain was measured using a visual analogue scale, ROM was measured using a goniometer, and shoulder dysfunction was measured using a shoulder pain and disability index. Group I practiced the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise and underwent scrambler therapy, group II underwent scrambler therapy only, and group III practiced the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise only. Results: A within-groups comparison showed that all groups demonstrated significant differences in pain, ROM, and shoulder dysfunction after the experiment (p<0.05). Further, according to a comparison of the three groups, group I showed a more significant difference in effectiveness than groups II and III in terms of pain, ROM, and shoulder dysfunction before and afterthe experiment (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise and scrambler therapy are effective in treating pain, ROM issues, and shoulder dysfunction in breast cancer patients.

고유수용성신경근촉진법 패턴 운동과 단백질 섭취가 근감소증 노인의 균형과 보행 및 다리 근력에 미치는 영향

박재철,이동규,Park, Jae-Cheol,Lee, Dong-Kyu 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2021 PNF and Movement Vol.19 No.3

Purpose: The study examined the effects of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise and protein intake on balance, gait ability, and lower extremity muscular strength for sarcopenia in the elderly. Methods: A total of 30 elderly people (65~74years) with sarcopenia were recruited and randomized to Group I (n=10), Group II (n=10), and Group III (n=10). Their balance ability was measured using the functional reach test. Group I performed the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise and protein intake. Group II performed the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise. Group III performed protein intake. Their gait ability was measured using the Timed Up and Go test. Lower extremity muscular strength was measured using the Five Times Sit to Stand test. Results: As a result of comparison within groups, Group I and Group II showed a significant difference in balance, gait, and lower extremity muscular strength after the experiment (p<0.05), and Group I showed a more effectively significant difference than either Group II or Group III in balance, gait, and lower extremity muscular strength before and after the experiment (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns exercise and protein intake was effective in balance, gait ability, and lower extremity muscular strength for sarcopenia in the elderly.