근전도 트리거 손목 재활 훈련 시스템 개발

김영훈,리두이콴,지영준,안경관,황창호,Kim, Younghoon,Le, DuyKhoa,Chee, Youngjoon,Ahn, Kyoungkwan,Hwang, Changho 대한의용생체공학회 2013 의공학회지 Vol.34 No.3

This study is about the development of the wrist rehabilitation system for the patient who has limited capability of movement after stroke. Electromyography triggered training system (ETTS) can play the role between complete passive training and patient activating training system. Surface EMG was measured on pronator teres muscle and biceps brachii muscle for wrist pronation and supination. Our system detects whether the subject makes muscular effort for pronation or supination or nothing in every 50 ms. When the effort level exceeds the preset percentage of maximal voluntary contraction, the motor rotates according to the direction of the intention of the subject. EMG triggers the motor rotation for the wrist rehabilitation training until the preset angle. To evaluate its performance, the maximum voluntary contraction level was measured for 4 subjects at first. With the audio-visual instruction to rotate the wrist (pronation or supination) the subjects made effort to follow the instruction. After calculating root mean square (RMS) for 50 ms, the controller determines whether there was muscular effort to rotate while holding the motor. When there was an effort to rotate, the controller rotates the motor 0.8 degree. By comparing the RMS values from two channels of EMG, the controller determines the rotational direction. The onset delay is $0.76{\pm}0.24$ s and offset delay is $0.65{\pm}0.22$ s for pronation. For supination the onset delay is $1.24{\pm}0.41$ s and offset delay is $0.77{\pm}0.22$ s. The system responded fast enough to be used for rehabilitation training. The controller perceived the direction of rotation 100% correctly for the pronation and 97.5% correctly for supination. ETTS was developed and the fundamental functions were validated for normal subjects. The clinical validation should be done with patients for real world application. With ETTS, the subjects can train voluntarily over the limitation of the range of motion which increases the effectiveness of the rehabilitation training.

Correlation Between the Height and the Subjective Discomfort Ratings and Muscle Performance at performing the Lower Arm's Pronation and Supination according to the Changes in Height of Working Table

Yoo, Kyung Tae,Choi, Jung Hyun,Kim, Hee Jung,Lee, Bom,Jung, Jea Wook,Choi, Wan Suk,Yun, Young Dae,Kim, Soon Hee International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2012 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between the stature and the muscle performance ratings and the subjective discomfort rations at performing lower arm's pronation and supination according to change sin the height of working table for more efficient performance at designing a working table and performing a work. For the purpose, this study conducted an experiment targeting 40 people in their 20s, who were classified into 4 groups each group composing 10 people at intervals of 5cm from the standard stature of 166.5cm. The experiment measured the maximum isometric pronation and the supination muscular power, and at measuring the factors, the heights of working tables were set as 800mm, 850mm, and 900mm. From the measurement results, it was found that the stature and the maximum muscular power was correlated. That is, as the experiment groups's average stature is higher, the maximum muscular power was higher. For the correlation between the motion patterns(pronation and supination) and the maximum muscular power, it was seen that the maximum muscular power was higher at performing the pronation than the supination. In the correlation between motion patterns and the subjective discomfort ratings, it was seen that the subjective discomfort rating was higher at performing the supination than the pronation. For the correlation between height adjustment and the subjective discomfort ratings, as the height of working table was lower, the subject discomfort rating was lower. Therefore there was no difference in the maximum muscular power according to the height changes of working table, but it was found that as the working table was higher, the user felt more comfortable.

복싱 원-투 스트레이트 동작시 전완의 회내유무에 따른 신체 각 분절의 운동학적변인 분석

김성주(Kim, Seong-Joo) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.1

In the general result of this study, the effect of one- two straight in 3-segmentation of 3 types to which wheel and axle is applied shows average difference in type with respect to time, right hand speed, acceleration and angle of elbow, it does not show statistically significant difference. The central displacement, speed of left hand and angle of left/right shoulder joint shows significant difference as per existence/inexistence of pronation of forearm (p<.05). In the angular velocity of elbow joint, the type 1/3 show DM 4.84°/s (p<.05) in phase 1, type 1/2 show DM 12.95°/s in phase 2 and type 1/3 show 11.72°/s, which is significant difference(p<.001). As pronation movement shows faster angular velocity than non-pronation movement in the left/fight elbow angular velocity in each type, it can be considered as the cause that increases linear velocity of hand. Furthermore, the pronation movement of forearm of main joint shows time and velocity in type 2/3 which is faster than that of type 1 in phase 2. The displacement is also large in shoulder joint depending on existence/inexistence of pronation. Thus, it was concluded that type 1 is proper to fast punch in short distance, type 2 to fast and strong punch in medium distance and type 3 to counter punch in long distance. If utilizing and using the most proper distance and space in 3 types on the basis of conclusion of this study, the ideal and effective technique can be exercised.

Correlation Between the Height and the Subjective Discomfort Ratings and Muscle Performance at performing the Lower Arm's Pronation and Supination according to the Changes in Height of Working Table

Kyung Tae Yoo,Jung Hyun Choi,Hee Jung Kim,Bom Lee,Jea Wook Jung,Wan Suk Choi,Young Dae Yun,Soon Hee Kim 국제물리치료학회 2012 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between the stature and the muscle performance ratings and the subjective discomfort rations at performing lower arm's pronation and supination according to change sin the height of working table for more efficient performance at designing a working table and performing a work. For the purpose, this study conducted an experiment targeting 40 people in their 20s, who were classified into 4 groups each group composing 10 people at intervals of 5cm from the standard stature of 166.5cm. The experiment measured the maximum isometric pronation and the supination muscular power, and at measuring the factors, the heights of working tables were set as 800mm, 850mm, and 900mm. From the measurement results, it was found that the stature and the maximum muscular power was correlated. That is, as the experiment groups's average stature is higher, the maximum muscular power was higher. For the correlation between the motion patterns(pronation and supination) and the maximum muscular power, it was seen that the maximum muscular power was higher at performing the pronation than the supination. In the correlation between motion patterns and the subjective discomfort ratings, it was seen that the subjective discomfort rating was higher at performing the supination than the pronation. For the correlation between height adjustment and the subjective discomfort ratings, as the height of working table was lower, the subject discomfort rating was lower. Therefore there was no difference in the maximum muscular power according to the height changes of working table, but it was found that as the working table was higher, the user felt more comfortable.

골프 드라이브 스윙 시 엎침과 뒤침에 대한 근전도 비교

양충모 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2004 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

This study analyzed Average %MVC using the muscles of five high school golf players(career over 4 years), and five university students(career under 10 months)....

보행 속도에 따른 후족, 하퇴 및 대퇴 분절의 운동학적 특성 및 커플링의 변화

신제민(Jae Min Shin) 한국사회체육학회 2012 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.48

The purpose of this study was to analyse the changes of coupling on rear foot, shank, and thigh using vector coding technique. Subjects were selected 10 healthy college mal e students and they walked on the treadmill with the fast(2.8km/h), normal(4.0km/h) and slow(5.2km/h) speed. 3D motion capture was sampled 120Hz by 6 infrared cameras. Coupling angles were produced with vector coding to qualify the coupling on rear foot pronation/supination with shank and thigh external rotation. There was no the typical pattern of the peak angle in the axes and walking speed but there was apparent difference of the peak time in the axes. The duration of in-phase of rear foot dorsi flexion with shank internal rotation was greater than in the foot frontal and transverse plane motion with shank internal rotation. The duration of out-of-phase of rear foot adduction with thigh internal rotation in the fast speed was greater than in the normal and slow speed. There was no significant difference the coupling duration in the whole motion planes to be couple except in the rear foot trans-verse plane with the thigh transverse plane motion. Increasing of out-of-phase duration of the rear foot adduction with the thigh external rotation of in the fast speed was the additional feature which segment coupling was influenced by walking speed.

원발성 서자진전 B형, 서자자세-특수성인가?

서만옥,Seo, Man-Wook 대한임상신경생리학회 2000 Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology Vol.2 No.2

Purpose : Primary writing tremor(PWT) can be classified as either type A or type B depending on whether tremor appeared during writing or whilst writing and also on adopting the hand postures normally used for writing. Through the clinical experience author has had an impression that PWT type B may not be purely dependant on specific writing postures. The objective of this study was to clarify whether PWT type B have writing posture-specificity or not. Results : The data indicated that type B PWT is not writing posture-specific. Various pronation and supination postures could evoke tremor as well as writing postures. Furthermore most of other pronation- and supination-related tasks could evoke tremors as well as action of writing. Conclusions : The present data suggest that PWT should be limited only on the pure form of task-spesific PWT type A.

파워 볼링 투구 동작 시 상지분절의 3차원 움직임 변화

이훈표 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze about the motion change of swing from the top point of the back-swing to the terminal point of the follow-through in the power bowling. For these, two male members from the national team and three male university players were chosen for this study. Based on a rigid body model. reflective marker triads were attached on the 3 segments. Three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates for each marker were determined at the time of recording using DLT technique with Kwon 3d 2.1 software. Coordinate data were low-pass filtered using a fourth-order Butterworth with cutoff frequency of 6Hz. The angles of adduction-abduction. extension-flexsion, and pronation-supination about the swing motion were determined for Matlab 6.5. The following conclusion were drawn; 1. In the motion change of the upper and forearm segment during the swing, the flextion and extension showed a consistantly trajectory. But the hand segment showed the motion change of flexion-extension-flexion order. 2. In the adduction and abduction change, the upper and forearm segments showed a same trajectory during the swing motion. But the hand segment showed a many deviation between the subjects. 3. The subjects showed bigger pronation motion than supination at the release event for increase the rotation force of the ball.

자연과학 : 보행 시 발 교정구 착용에 따른 운동학적 비교 연구

송주호 ( Joo Ho Song ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2008 체육과학연구 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 30~40대 건강한 남, 여 각 10명을 대상으로 보행시 발이 지면과 접촉할 때 발 교정구 착용 전ㆍ후에 따른 운동학적 효과를 분석ㆍ평가하는데 목적이 있다. 분석 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 무릎, 발목관절의 배측/저측 굴곡 평균각에서 남자의 경우 착용 전과 후 간의 유의한 수준에서 존재하는 것으로 나타났으나, 내전/외전, 회내/회외는 남녀 모두 Alzner 주효과와 이벤트별 주효과, 착용 전ㆍ후에 따른 이벤트 상호작용의 효과 등의 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 착용 전ㆍ후에 따른 이벤트별 차이를 나타내는 주효과는 남녀 모두 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 착용 전ㆍ후 모두 정상보행을 실시한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 아킬레스건 각과 후족 각의 경우 발 교정구 착용유무 간에 남녀 모두 비교적 유사한 각의 변화로 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 한편 지지구간인 착지에서 지지까지의 아킬레스건각의 증가와 후족각의 감소를 나타낸 것은 후족 제어 변인의 범위가 발 교정구 착용 후 다소 작게 나타나 각도의 과도한 변화를 방지하는 후족 제어 기능이 착용 전보다는 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate kinematic effects about wearing foot orthotics when feet are attached on the surface of the land. The subjects of this study consist of ten healthy men and ten healthy women at the age of thirties to forties. I draw a following conclusion after analyzing. First, as for low side flection average angle of knee joint and ankle joint of the men, there are meaningful differences between wearing foot orthotics and not wearing foot orthotics. However, concerning adduction/abduction and pronation/supination, main effects of Alzner, events, event interaction between wearing foot orthotics and not wearing foot orthotics don`t show any particular differences statistically. On the other hand, men and women show meaningful differences about the main effects of each event between wearing foot orthotics and not wearing foot orthotics. They make a normal gait whether wearing foot orthotics or not wearing foot orthotics Second, relating to an Achilles and rear foot, both genders show comparatively similar angle changes. But there is no difference statistically. Wearing foot orthotics makes Achilles angle expand and makes rearfoot angle decline from attaching to detaching. That is, the range of rearfoot variable is reduced after wearing foot orthotics. In conclusion, Wearing foot orthotics improves the function of rearfoot control-prevention of excessive angle change-effectively.

Sonographic Quantification of Pronator Quadratus Activity During Gripping Effort

Shin, Won-Jeong,Kim, Jong-Pil,Kim, Jeong-Sang,Park, Hee-Jung American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2015 Journal of ultrasound in medicine Vol.34 No.12

<P><B>Objectives—</B></P><P>The aim of this study was to obtain quantitative data related to the activity of each head of the pronator quadratus based on dynamic sonographic parameters during gripping effort and to assess their relationships with grip and pronation strengths.</P><P><B>Methods—</B></P><P>The forearms of 33 healthy volunteers were evaluated at 5 positions of axial rotation (full supination, 45° supination, neutral, 45° pronation, and full pronation). Echogenic intensity ratios and muscle thicknesses of each head of the pronator quadratus were measured from transverse cross-sectional sonograms obtained during maximal grip and release. Grip strengths and maximal isokinetic pronation torques at 90°/s and 360°/s were evaluated as strength parameters and correlated with sonographic measures.</P><P><B>Results—</B></P><P>Echogenic intensity ratios of both heads significantly decreased during power grip (<I>P</I>≤ .002). Changes in echogenic intensity ratios of the superficial head were greater when the forearm was pronated compared to supination (<I>P</I>< .001), whereas changes in echogenic intensity ratios of the deep head were constant at all forearm positions. Muscle thicknesses of the superficial head maximally increased at the neutral position during power grip (<I>P</I>< .001), whereas muscle thicknesses of the deep head did not change. There were significant negative correlations between grip strength and echogenic intensity ratios of both heads at all respective forearm positions (<I>P</I> ≤ .048). Pronation torque was significantly correlated with echogenic intensity ratios of the superficial head at all forearm positions and the deep head at 45° and full pronation positions (<I>P</I> ≤ .034).</P><P><B>Conclusions—</B></P><P>The data revealed that the superficial head of the pronator quadratus more actively contracts when the forearm is in pronation, whereas the deep head constantly contracts at all positions. This study suggests that both heads of the pronator quadratus also play a role in grip strength, but the superficial head contributes more to pronation strength.</P>