Probe 위치 변화에 따른 이음향방사의 변화

장봉익,이재욱,김상렬,강명구,김리석 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.7

피로수명과 가공공차를 고려한 수직형 탐침의 형상 설계에 관한 연구

박종현(J. H. Park),이종길(J. K. Lee) 한국소성가공학회 2010 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.5

Probe card of the vertical probe design is one of the very important issue for meet the high density. Maintaining a stable electrical contact is required to secure the appropriate contact force for wafer inspection probe. The probe of the wafer bonding pad oxide destroyed by the electrical contact resistance of less than 1Ω is to meet the level. Another thing to consider is the fatigue life cycle of an important requirement Probe. Wafer Probe and contact the bonding pad to the internal stress by calculating the value of the life of the expected fatigue life cycle, the process of expression is necessary. Wafer inspection probe to forecast the lifetime of the probe stress-fatigue criterion using life prediction based on the shape of the probe. To meet these performance for Wafer Inspection Probe for the shape of the finite element analysis to design and perform the test of life. Finite element analysis and the shape of the Wafer Inspection Probe relevance to the contact force and stress, and, when calculated using the stress and fatigue life prediction, compared with the test results verify the validity of that. This study suggested the consideration of fatigue life of the wafer probe in a systematic way to design a vertical probe card can be used effectively to improve the quality and performance is expected.

성인형 치주염 환자에 있어 manual probe의 Florida probe의 임상적 비교

유향미,정진형,Yu, Hyang-Mi,Chung, Chin-Hyung 대한치주과학회 1996 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.26 No.1

The periodontal probe is a commonly used instrument to assess periodontal conditions. And so, there has been many studies to develop the accuracy and reproducibility of the periodontal probe. The purpose of this study was to compare two different periodontal probes for measurement reliability and time required to use in subjects with moderate periodontitis. It was done after evaluating reproducibility of probing depth by stent guiding for a Manual probe and a Florida probe in subjects with healthy periodontal condition. The results were as follows 1. In experiment to evaluate the reproducibility of probing depth by stent guiding for a Manual probe and Florida probe in subjects with healthy periodontal condition, there was no major significant difference between intraprobe and interprobe relationships. 2. There were reduced probing measuremint error by using the Florida probe for posterior teeth and by using the Manual probe for anterior teeth of subjects with moderate periodontitis. 3. At proximal area, there was higher measurement error by using the Manual probe than the Florida probe. 4. The mean of pocket depth measurement using Manual probe was signifi cantly higher than that using Florida probe(p<0.05). With increasing pocket depth, interprobe difference increased and reproducibility reduced. 5. There was no significant difference in time required to use between Manual probe and Florida probe(p<0.05). 6. There was slight probing measurement difference between Manual probe and Florida probe at different site, but both probes have similar degrees of reproducibility and similar time required to probe.

Recent progress on the development of glutathione (GSH) selective fluorescent and colorimetric probes

Lee, Songyi,Li, Jun,Zhou, Xin,Yin, Jun,Yoon, Juyoung Elsevier 2018 Coordination Chemistry Reviews Vol.366 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Glutathione (GSH) plays a key role in many cellular functions. Abnormal levels of GSH is considered to be sign of many diseases. As a result, various fluorescent imaging probes and/or chemosensors for GSH have been developed. Compared to other analytical methods, fluorescence has unique merits, such as excellent detection limits and sensitivity for use in imaging cells, tissues and small animals. However, colorimetric probes undergo distinct color changes, which in most cases can be detected by using the naked eye. This review of studies aimed at the development of GSH probes is presented in a format that is organized by structural features and chemical reactions of the probes. The topics include probes that are based on nanoparticles or nanocomposites, metal ion displacement and coordination and chemical reactions. The reaction based probes are further classified into probes that undergo cleavage of sulphonamide, sulfonate ester and related functional groups, SeN bond cleavage, aryl substitution reactions, disulfide bond cleavage followed by cyclization, Michael additions, and other processes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fluorescent and colorimetric probes for GSH based on nanoparticles and small organic molecules are reviewed. </LI> <LI> Sensing mechanisms of GSH selective fluorescent and colorimetric probes are discussed. </LI> <LI> Probes for bioimaging GSH and applications to disease diagnosis. </LI> </UL> </P>

핵자기공명 영상법과 핵자기공명 분광법을 위한 뒤집음-탐침의 개발에 대한 연구

이동훈,고락길,정은기,Lee, Dong-Hun,Go, Rak-Gil,Jeong, Eun-Gi 대한의용생체공학회 1995 의공학회지 Vol.16 No.3

RF (radio-frequency) probes of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance are one of the important factors and should be designed and built properly depending upon the geometry of the samples and the information. In general there are two kinds of rf probes : one encircles the sample while the other is placed on the surface of the sample. However, in case that the samples on human internal organs have a tube shape, the two kinds of rf probes, as specified above, are usually unsuitable for the internal imaging due to the degradation of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's). In this case a probe should be positioned as close to the area as possible by putting the probe in the tubelike sample to improve filling factor In the present study inside-out probes have been constructed in the three different shapes such as an anti-solenoidal, a saddle and a dual surface types. RF-field distributions have also been calculated depending upon the geometrical changes of anti-solenoid probes. Moreover, the performance of the inside-out probes has been checked by measuring SNR's of the images acquired. The inside-out probes constructed in this study produced better SWR's and rf-field uniformity in the area close to the probes in comparing with any other commercial probes. There is a high feasibility that the constructed probes in the present study are applicable to the diagnosis of human bodies.

Novel four-sided neural probe fabricated by a thermal lamination process of polymer films

Shin, Soowon,Kim, Jae-Hyun,Jeong, Joonsoo,Gwon, Tae Mok,Lee, Seung-Hee,Kim, Sung June Elsevier 2017 Journal of neuroscience methods Vol.278 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Ideally, neural probes should have channels with a three-dimensional (3-D) configuration to record the activities of 3-D neural circuits. Many types of 3-D neural probes have been developed; however, most of them were designed as an array of multiple shanks with electrodes located along one side of the shanks.</P> <P><B>New method</B></P> <P>We developed a novel liquid crystal polymer (LCP)-based neural probe with four-sided electrodes. This probe has electrodes on four sides of the shank, <I>i.e.</I>, the front, back and two sidewalls. To generate the proposed configuration of the electrodes, we used a thermal lamination process involving LCP films and laser micromachining.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The proposed novel four-sided neural probe, was used to successfully perform <I>in vivo</I> multichannel neural recording in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex.</P> <P><B>Comparison with existing method</B></P> <P>The multichannel neural recording showed that the proposed four-sided neural probe can record spiking activities from a more diverse neuronal population than single-sided probes. This was confirmed by a pairwise Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) analysis and a cross-correlation analysis.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>The developed four-sided neural probe can be used to record various signals from a complex neural network.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We developed a novel liquid crystal polymer (LCP)-based neural probe with four-sided electrodes. </LI> <LI> To generate the proposed configuration of the electrodes, we used a thermal lamination process involving LCP films and laser micromachining. </LI> <LI> The developed four-sided neural probe can record spiking activities from a more diverse neuronal population than single-sided probes. </LI> </UL> </P>

Whole-genome DNA 프로브를 이용한 구강 Bacteroides 균종의 식별

최세원,이정숙,최선진,김각균 대한구강생물학회 1992 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.16 No.1

The need for a rapid and sensitive microbiological assay has become necessary for both research and clinical diagnostic. This need has become clear as a result of extensive documentation linking specific bacterial species and periodontal destruction. DNA probe technology seems to be able to provide both a sensitive and specific assay and may be able to alleviate the concern for transport of fastidious microorganisms. We have been trying to establish the method of identifying the periodontopathic microorganisms by DNA probe. As the first step we tried to know if whole-genomic DNA probe could differentiate between bacterial species, using three different serotype-strains of both bacteroides gingivalis and bacteroides intermedius. Also we tested if there is any cross-hybridization between bacteroides spp· and Streptococcus spp. The experimental procedures were as follows: anaerobic culture of bacterial cells, preparation of whole-genomic DNA from bacteria and measurement of DNA concentration, immobilization of DNA onto a nitrocellulose filter using dot-blot apparatus after 2-fold serial dilution of DNA, radio-labelling of DNA with ^32P by random oligonucleotide-primed synthesis, which would serve as a DNA probe, blocking unbound nitrocellulose with 0.05×BLOTTO, hybridization of the filter with ^32P-labelled probe, and washing and detection of bound probe by autoradiography. The results were as follows. The whole-genomic DNA probe of B. gingivalis strain 381 (serotype a) was able to hybridize with all three serotypes a, b, and c) of the species. Also, the whole-genomic DNA probe of B. intermedius strain 9336 (serotype b) was able to hybridize with all three serotypes of the species. There was no detectable cross-hybridization between B. gingivalis and B. intermedius or bacteroides DNA probe with streptococcal DNA, within the range of DNA amount used in the experiment. The DNA probe was able to detect 3ng of homologous DNA in a dot. It seems likely that whole-genomic probe could be used for identification of Bacteroides spp, in the clinical samples using DNA probe, if a suitable method to lyse the cell on the filter is provided.

분기된 구조를 갖는 수직형 MEMS 프로브의 설계

하정래(Jungrae Ha),김종민(Jongmin Kim),김병기(Byung-Ki Kim),이준상(June-Sang Lee),배현주(Hyeonju Bae),김정엽(Jung Yup Kim),이학주(Hak Joo Lee),나완수(Wansoo Nah) 한국전자파학회 2010 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.21 No.7

일반적으로 수직형 프로브는 가늘고 긴 S-자형 구조가 중복되기 때문에 신호 전달 특성이 저하되므로 이것에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 본 논문에서 제안된 프로브는 캔틸리버형보다 적은 면적을 차지하는 수직형으로 동시에 많은 메모리를 테스트하기에 적합하며, 특히 외부 압력이 가해졌을 때 분기된 스프링에 의해 폐 루프(closed loop)가 형성되어 기존의 S-자형 수직형 프로브보다 기계적 특성뿐만 아니라 전기적 신호 전달 특성이 개선된 새로운 형태의 수직형 프로브를 제안하였다. 제안된 프로브를 제작하여 측정 및 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존의 S-자형 수직형 프로브보다 오버드라이브(overdrive)는 1.2배, 컨택 포스(contact force)는 2.5배, 신호 전달특성은 0~10 ㎓에서 최대 1.4 ㏈ 개선되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 프로브 카드(probe card)의 신호 전달 특성을 예측할 수 있는 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하였다. 이를 위하여 프로브 카드를 구성하는 각 부품의 기하학적특성에 맞도록 2.5D 또는 3D Full-wave 시뮬레이터를 사용하였으며, 계산된 결과는 측정 결과와 매우 잘 일치하였다. The conventional vertical probe has the thin and long signal path that makes transfer characteristic of probe worse because of the S-shaped structure. So we propose the new vertical probe structure that has branch springs in the S-shaped probe. It makes closed loop when the probe mechanically connects to the electrode on a wafer. We fabricated the proposed vertical probe and measured the transfer characteristic and mechanical properties. Compared to the conventional S-shaped vertical probe, the proposed probe has the overdrive that is 1.2 times larger and the contact force that is 2.5 times larger. And we got the improved transfer characteristic by 1.4 ㏈ in 0~10 ㎓. Also we developed the simulation model of the probe card by using full-wave simulator and the simulation result is correlated with measurement one. As a result of this simulation model, the cantilever probe and PCB have the worst transfer characteristic in the probe card.

치은 염증 상태에 따른 치주낭 측정 깊이와 방사선학적 측정 깊이, 외과적 측정 깊이의 비교 연구

백동훈,채중규,조규성,김종관,Baik, Dong-Hoon,Chai, Jung-Kiu,Cho, Kyoo-Sung,Kim, Chong-Kwan 대한치주과학회 1994 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationship of probing attachment levels, radiographic measurements and surgical measurements according to gingival inflammatory condition. Patients with incipient to moderate periodontitis were selected. Upper and lower premolar and molar teeth excluding third molars were measured. At first visit, gingival index and bleeding on probing were taken, and subjects were grouped into 4 categories as follows : Experimental group I : gingival index 1 and no bleeding on probing. Experimental group II : gingival index 2 and no bleeding on probing absent. Experimental group III : gingival index 1 and bleeding on probing present. Experimental group IV : gingival index 2 and bleeding on probing present. Probing attachment levels were measured with manual probe on mesial and distal surfaces from cementoenamel junctions to terminal ends of probe. Radiographic measurements were made to assess bone loss by measuring the distance from cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest. After thorough scating, a flap was raised exposing the alveolar bone and surgical measurements were made from cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone. The results were as follows: 1. Differences between probing attachment level and radiographic measurements showed $1.01{\pm}0.73mm$ for experimental group I, $0.98{\pm}0.48mm$ for experimental group II, $0.59{\pm}0.66mm$ for experimental group III, $0.98{\pm}0.38mm$ for experimental group IV and with no significant difference between groups. 2. Differences between probing attachment level and surgical measurements showed $1.36{\pm}0.80mm$ for experimental group I, $1.47{\pm}0.54mm$ for experimental group II, $1.06{\pm}0.39mm$ for experimental group III, $1.41{\pm}0.40mm$ for experimental group IV and with no significant difference between groups. 3. Differences between surgical and radiographic measurements showed $0.36{\pm}0.48mm$ for experimental group I, $0.51{\pm}0.54mm$ for experimental group II, $0.57{\pm}0.72mm$ for experimental group III, $0.41{\pm}0.49mm$ for experimental group IV and with significant difference between experimental group I and experimental group II, III, IV(P<0.05).

초음파용 프로브 설계의 인간공학적 분석

정하영,이나현,임진호,이승주,유희천 대한인간공학회 2022 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.41 No.3

Objective: The present study is intended to analyze the design characteristics of ultrasonic probes in different sizes and shapes and identify the preferred design characteristics by ergonomic evaluation. Background: The use of an ultrasound probe among sonographers in improper postures with high repetitions for long periods of time has resulted in a high incidence of musculoskeletal symptoms and/or disorders. Method: While sonographers (n = 12) simulated ultrasound scanning tasks with two linear array probes (small-flat, SF; large-curved, LC) in different sizes and shapes by applying forces of 20±4N, EMG activities, body motions, and grip postures were measured. After completing the ultrasound simulation tasks, a comparative evaluation of subjective satisfaction with the two probe designs was conducted. Results: The SF probe required a larger range of motion at the elbow (up to 9.9° on average), higher RMS EMG levels (-1.8~48.4%) during the probe rotation task at the shoulder (pectoralis and infraspinatus), neck (right/left sterno-cleido-mastoid and trapezius), and upper-arm (biceps), and larger finger joint angles (-6.3~15.8°) than the LC probe. Conclusion: The SF probe was preferred to the LC probe in terms of grip fit, the opposite was found in terms of the efficiency of force transfer. Application: The analysis and evaluation methods of ultrasound probe design and the identification of the preferred design characteristics of linear array probe will be of use to develop ergonomic probe designs that can reduce musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders among sonographers.