택배 서비스 이용자의 프라이버시 침해 경험이 심리와 행동에 미치는 영향에 대한 이해 : 태도이론 측면

임세헌,김단종,유현미 한국경영정보학회 2023 Information systems review Vol.25 No.3

본 연구는 택배 이용자의 프라이버시 침해 경험이 프라이버시 심리와 행동에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 택배 이용자가 프라이버시 침해 경험을 가지고 있는가에 따라, 프라이버시 침해 사건에 대해 학습이 이루어지고, 인지가 형성되고, 감정이 형성되고, 행동이 나타난다. 이러한 택배 이용자의 프라이버시 심리의 변화 과정은 프라이버시 보호 행동 반응을 예측하는데 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 태도이론을 응용해 택배 이용자의 프라이버시 심리를 설명하기 위한 연구의 이론적 프레임워크를 개발하였다. 이 프레임워크에 기반해, 택배서비스 이용자의 프라이버시 침해 경험, 인지된 프라이버시 위험, 프라이버시 염려 (즉, 개인정보 오류에 따른 염려, 비인가된 이차 이용에 따른 염려, 개인정보 수집에 따른 염려, 부적절한 개인정보에 대한 접근 염려), 프라이버시 보호 행동의 관계를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 제안된 연구모델에 대해 택배서비스 이용 경험이 있는 사람들을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였고, SMART-PLS 구조방정식 소프트웨어를 이용해 실증분석을 하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석 결과는 택배 이용과정에서의 프라이버시 침해 경험, 프라이버시 위험, 프라이버시 염려, 그리고 프라이버시 보호 행동 사이에는 인과관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 안전한 택배 서비스를 위한 프리이버시 보호 행동 연구에 유용한 이론적 시사점을 제공해 주었고, 더불어 보다 안전한 택배 비즈니스 모델 개발에 유용한 실무적 시사점을 제공해 주었다. Courier services users’ experience of violating privacy affects psychology and behavior of protecting personal privacy. Depending on what privacy infringement experience (PIE) of courier services users, learning about perceived privacy infringement incidents is made, recognition is formed, affection is formed, and behavior is appeared. This paradigm of changing in privacy psychologies of courier services users has an important impact on predicting responses of privacy protective action (PPA). In this study, a theoretical research framework are developed to explain the privacy protective action (PPA) of courier services users by applying attitude theory. Based on this framework, the relationships among past privacy infringement experience (PIE), perceived privacy risk (PPR), privacy concerns (i.e., concerns in unlicensed secondary use (CIUSU), concerns in information error (CIE), concerns in improper access (CIA), and concern in information collection (CIC), and privacy protective action (PPA) are analyzed. In this study, the proposed research model was surveyed by people with experience in using courier services and was analyzed for finding relationships among research variables using structured an equation modeling software, SMART-PLS. The empirical results show the causal relationships among PIE, PPR, privacy concerns (CIUSU, CIE, CIA, and CIC), and PPA. The results of this study provide useful theoretical implications for privacy management research in courier services, and practical implications for the development of courier services business model.

소셜미디어 사용자의 프라이버시 패러독스 현상으로 인한 개인정보 무관심 형태에 대한 연구

김연종,박상혁,Kim, Yeonjong,Park, Sanghyeok 디지털산업정보학회 2019 디지털산업정보학회논문지 Vol.15 No.4

Privacy paradox is a paradoxical behavior that provides personal information even though you are concerned about privacy. Social media users are also often concerned about their personal information exposure. It is even reluctant to describe personal information in profile. However, some users describe their personal information in detail on their profile, provide it freely when others request it, or post their own personal information. The survey was conducted using Google Docs centered on Facebook users. Structural equation model analysis was used for hypothesis testing. As an independent variable, we use personal information infringement experiences. As a mediator, we use privacy indifference, privacy concern, and the relationship with the act of providing personal information. Social media users have become increasingly aware of the fact that they can not distinguish between the real world and online world by strengthening their image and enhancing their image in the process of strengthening ties, sharing lots of information and enjoying themselves through various relationships. Therefore, despite the high degree of privacy indifference and high degree of privacy concern, the phenomenon of privacy paradox is also present in social media.

My privacy is okay, but theirs is endangered: Why comparative optimism matters in online privacy concerns

Baek, Y.M.,Kim, E.m.,Bae, Y. Pergamon 2014 Computers in Human Behavior Vol.31 No.-

It is easy to trace and compile a record of individuals' online activities, and cases of online privacy infringement (i.e., improper use of personal information) have been reported in advanced societies. Based on existing risk perception research, this study examines comparative optimism regarding online privacy infringement (i.e., users tend to believe privacy infringement is less likely to happen to oneself than to others) and its antecedents and consequences. Relying on large-scale online survey data in South Korea (N=2028), this study finds: (1) comparative optimism is higher when the comparison targets are younger; (2) online knowledge and maternalistic personality traits increase comparative optimism mainly by influencing perceived risk to others, while prior experience of privacy infringement increases comparative optimism mainly by influencing perceived personal risk; and (3) comparative optimism is related to both greater adoption of privacy-protective behaviors and a higher level of support for government policies to restrict the use of online information. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings, along with potential limitations, are discussed.

무인항공기의 사생활 침해에 대한 법적 대응: 미국 정책,입법안 분석을 중심으로

김선이 ( Sun Lhee Kim ) 한국항공우주정책.법학회(구 한국항공우주법학회) 2014 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.29 No.2

무인항공기는 조종사를 탑승하지 않고 지정된 임무를 수행할 수 있도록 제작한 비행체로서 독립된 체계 또는 우주·지상체계들과 연동시켜 운영 하는 기체이다. 이 같은 무인항공기의 경제발전의 가능성으로 인하여 정부는 무인항공기가 세계 항공기 시장에서 우리나라가 항공 선진국으로 진입할 수 있도록 적극지원 중이다. 무인항공기는 항공산업 발전의 블루오션이지만 이에 따르는 법적 분쟁 요소도 만만치 않다. 소형으로 제작된 무인항공기는 고성능 카메라 및 센서에 기록되는 이착륙 및 운항노선 주변의 기록들을 피찰영자의 동의 없이 마음 것 촬영할 수 있는바 이에 대한 사생활 침해에 대한 우려가 있다. 또한 무인항공기가 민간상용화 된다면 무분별한 사용으로 사생활 침해 발생이 예상된다. 무인항공기로 인해 국민이 원치 않는 사생활 노출이 발생한다면 무인항공기 운영자들에게 손해배상책임이 발생할 수 있고, 이는 무인항공기산업 발전을 위해 고려되어야 하는 요소이다. 현재 무인항공기 산업을 주도하고 있는 미국에서도 무인항공기 사생활 침해 관련 정책은 개발 중이며, 효율적인 대책 마련을 준비하고 있다. 무인항공기에 관련한 법이 시행되고 있지 않기 때문에 무인항공기 사생활 침해에 따른 모든 법적 대책을 마련하는 것이 필요하다. 미국과 같이 무인항공기 사생활 보호를 도모하기 위해 무인항공기 사생활보호법(안)을 제시하였다. 현재 시행 중인 법이 많기 때문에 새로운 법안을 제시하는 것은 법적 안정성을 해할 수 있지만 국민들의 안전한 삶을 위해서 법을 제정하는 것은 피할 수 없는 일이다. 개인정보보호법이 시행 중이지만 무인항공기 관련 사생활 침해가 발생했을 때 무인항공기의 특수성에 대한 개인정보보호법을 적용하기기 녹록치 않을 것이기 때문에 미국 입법안과 개인정보보호법을 참고하여 무인항공기의 사생활 침해를 대비한 사생활보호법(안)을 제시하였다. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone and also referred to as an unpiloted aerial vehicle and a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. ICAO classify unmanned aircraft into two types under Circular 328 AN/190. Unmanned aircraft, which is the core of the development of the aviation industry. However, there are also elements of the legal dispute. Unmanned aircraft are manufactured in small size, it is possible to shoot a record peripheral routes stored in high-performance cameras and sensors without the consent of the citizens, there is a risk of invasion of privacy. In addition, the occurrence of the people of invasion of privacy is expected to use of civilian unmanned aircraft. If the exposure of private life that people did not want for unmanned aircraft has occurred, may occur liability to the operator of unmanned aircraft, this is a factor to be taken into account for the development of unmanned aircraft industry. In the United States, which is currently led by the unmanned aircraft industry, policy related to unmanned aircraft, invasion of privacy is under development, is preparing an efficient measures making. Unmanned aircraft special law has not been enforced. So there is a need for legal measures based on infringement of privacy by the unmanned aircraft. US was presented Privacy Protection Act of unmanned aircraft (draft). However Korea has many laws have been enacted, to enact a new law, but will be able to harm the legal stability, there is a need for the enactment of laws for public safety of life. Although in force Personal Information Protection Law, unmanned aerospace, when the invasion of privacy occurs, it is difficult to apply the Personal Information Protection Law. So, it was presented a privacy protection bill with infringement of privacy of unmanned aircraft in the reference US legislation and the Personal Information Protection Act.

공공장소에 설치된 방범감시카메라의 법적 한계

김형훈 경찰대학교 2004 경찰학연구 Vol.0 No.7

Recently, CCTV introduced in police activity for promoting the crime prevention has been pointed out on account of high possibility of infringement of human rights, being grafted with technique of computer. In this paper, I have checked problem through legal consideration for using the CCTV in police activity, at the same time I would build up the legal understanding about the whole police activity not causing compulsion but causing limit of rights. Firstly, as the general meaning about CCTV, I explained the basic terms and functions executed by the digital system, and limited bounds of study on CCTV for prevention through analysis about each kind of the establishment. After that, I briefly introduce the effect of crime prevention of CCTV reported at dimension of criminology, the present situation of establishment, public opinion in main advanced nations and pros and cons about CCTV in domestic. Secondly, about people’s rights related with establishment and operation of CCTV, I referred the constitutional meaning of those, guaranteed contents, the outline of foreign legislation, relation with CCTV in order of ‘Right of Pursuit of Happiness', 'Right of Privacy’, ‘Right of Portrait’, ‘Information Privacy’, ‘Right of Freedom of Action’. Thirdly, I analyzed existing debates surrounding infringement of fundamental rights from establishment and operation of CCTV, and studied legal character of photographing by CCTV, legal ground according to each purpose of CCTV. Namely, the opinion that establishment and operation of CCTV is violation of constitution by itself doesn’t distinguish the risk of infringement from the infringement that becomes the object of relief by constitutional judgment. And about the opinion of accord with constitution explaining that there is collision of fundamental rights, one is ‘Right of Security from crime’ of residents, the other is ‘Information Privacy’ of passengers and there can be practical concord, I made clear that the problem don’t occur between the private individuals but occur between nation and the subject of human rights if the authority of police intervene. At that time, limit of fundamental rights of passengers without reservation of law can not be accord with constitution from the original attribute of fundamental rights aiming to protect people from nation. On the other hand, opinion of lawfulness based on affirmation theory about ‘Genealklausel’(von Deutsch) is not argued and can not be! admitted, because CCTV established against abstract risk, not against concrete risk, don’t fill up the condition that the saidclause is put in action. At this point, I changed this consideration according to each concrete purpose of photographing. Consequently the photographing to discern current lawbreaker out of safeguard scope of fundamental rights needs not special legal ground because the attribute of photographing is not compulsory. And at photographing to prevent concrete risk, individual discernment or limit of freedom of action can be performed according to competence to prevent risk or to restrain crime grounded on ‘Act on the Performance of Duties by Police officers’. But at normal time when CCTV is operated to prevent abstract risk, I put an end at the debates about legal ground, technical restrict to intercept discernment of individual must be observed not to be unconstitutional, because we could not find any ground on current statute to limit fundamental rights. Lastly, for the working of CCTV in hereafter to prevent abstract risk, we have to limit the individual discernment technically on account of absence of legal ground and make ‘the Guideline’ to observe each principal related with protection of individual information. I also suggested necessity of law-making and contents of that law to prevent the infringement of fundamental rights by CCTV, making concord to limit the fundamental rights for public good. That law controls the infringement of rights by private CCTV. In conclusion, I stressed that the studies like this must be not only for guarantee of fundamental rights, but also for making benefits of every social members by supporting the police to cope with new phenomenon in policing with a proper measure of activity timely.

범죄피해자의 프라이버시권 보호에 관한 소고

김재희(Kim, Zaehee) 성균관대학교 법학연구원 2021 성균관법학 Vol.33 No.2

정보화 사회의 발달로 온라인 상의 세상은 우리 삶의 한 영역으로 자리잡았고, 멀티미디어에 의한 정보유출과 뉴스의 재생산은 또하나의 심각한 사회문제로 떠오르고 있다. 이와 관련하여 범죄피해자의 정보보호와 신변보호의 필요성도 강조되고 있다. 이에 범죄피해자보호법 제12조에 근거한 ‘제3차 범죄피해자의 보호·지원 기본계획(2017~2021년)’도 범죄피해자의 회복과 형사절차 참여권리와 함께 2차 피해방지와 피해자의 정보 및 신변보호를 큰 축으로 제시하고 있다. 반면 뉴미디어의 등장으로 정보통신망의 융합, 방송망과 통신망의 구분이 불확실해 짐에 따라 범죄피해자의 프라이버시권의 침해의 심각성이 커짐에 반해, 뉴미디어환경에 따른 시민의 표현의 자유와 알권리 역시 주요한 기본권으로 강조되어 양자의 기본권적 충돌과 피해자 프라이버시권 침해의 양상도 다양해졌다. 따라서 이와 관련한 기본권으로써 프라이버시권의 의미와 특히 범죄피해자의 프라이버시권의 의미를 이해하고 피해자의 정보유출이 가져오는 프라이버시권의 침해의 유형을 구체적으로 파악한다. 이를 바탕으로 범죄피해자의 보호와 기본권의 보장이라는 측면이라는 측면에서 프라이버시권 보호 및 보장에 대한 정책적 방안을 제언해본다. In the event of a crime, the victim is infringed on his or her right to per-sonal safety, peaceful privacy, and honor, in addition to the protection law di-rectly violated by the crime. Damage that has already occurred cannot be re-versed, but secondary damage that occurs thereafter can be prevented or reduced. Starting with the 1985 UN “Declaration of Basic Principles for Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power”, it urged attention to the judicial status and rights of victims. Since 2005, we have established “the Project of the Reality for the Protection and Support for the Victims of Crime” on a five-year basis to prepare and implement policies. This project also calls for protecting the privacy of crime victims and protecting and supporting privacy rights, which are the right to enjoy safe and peaceful privacy. Nevertheless, we are often exposed to the status and problematic cases of secondary damage to victims in our papers, in our research papers. First of all, we would like to examine the meaning of basic rights in Article 17 of the Constitution, which is called privacy rights, and the right to privacy that is meaningful to victims. In that the victim s privacy rights should be protected, the government reviewed policies for the protection of crime victims and privacy rights and various support laws. Then, discussions were held to enhance the protection of personal security and privacy rights of future victims.

온라인 활동 참여와 미디어 이용행태가 온라인 프라이버시 침해 우려에 끼치는 영향 연구

이승은 인문사회 21 2019 인문사회 21 Vol.10 No.3

In modern society, the advancement of technology and the Internet have become important causes of online privacy violation cases. This study analyzes the effects of online media participation and media utilization ability on online privacy violation using 2017 Korean Media Panel survey data, and also analyzes gender differences. Results show that individuals with more online cafe (forum) activities, a good command of basic PC abilities and smart devices, and lower PC utilization are likely to attract a higher possibility of privacy violation. In addition, those with higher PC abilities and smart devices for basic functions and lower PC abilities on an expert level are more likely to feel anxious about online privacy infringement, which was observed in both full and gendered models. The result of considering gender differences shows that individuals with good basic PC abilities and smart devices and lower abilities of higher levels of such devices living in a non-urban area are prone to attack risks of privacy infringement. The research also provided implications based on the study results. 현대사회에서는 첨단기술 및 사물인터넷의 발전으로 인해 온라인 프라이버시 침해 사례가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 2017년 한국미디어패널조사 자료를 활용하여 온라인 활동 참여 및 미디어 활용능력의 온라인 프라이버시 침해에 대한 영향을 분석하며, 성별 차이 분석도 진행하였다. 분석결과, 카페 활동에 적극적이고, 우수한 PC・스마트기기의 기본능력과 낮은 PC 고난도 활용수준일수록, 프라이버시 침해 우려 정도가 높을 가능성이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한, PC・스마트기기의 기본능력이 우수하고, PC 고난도 활용수준이 낮을수록 온라인 프라이버시 침해 우려가 컸으며, 이는 성별 차이를 고려하지 않은 분석모델 및 남녀집단 모두에서 공통적으로 나타났다. 성별 차이를 고려한 결과는, PC・스마트기기의 기본능력이 우수하나, PC 및 스마트기기의 고난도 활용수준이 낮을수록, 비도시거주자일수록 프라이버시 침해 우려가 높게 나타났다. 논의된 결과를 바탕으로 관련 함의를 제시하였다.

재해대피소 내 이재민 프라이버시 확보 수단으로서의 파티션 구조물에 관한 사례연구

이호숭(Lee, Ho Soong) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2013 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.13 No.3

본 연구는 대규모재해 발생 직후 대피소 내에서 이재민들의 프라이버시 확보 목적으로 출현하는 파티션 설치현상에 대한 사례연구이다. 연구목표는 예측불가한 대규모재해 발생에 대응하여 방재 시설 및 용품 디자인에 있어서 참조 가능한 개념적 유의점을 도출하려는 것이다. 연구방법은 재난대피소 내 이재민 피난생활에 관한 문헌정보 그리고 재해현장의 다큐멘트 영상 등에서 다중사례를 수집하였다. 또한 수집된 자료에 대해 내용분석을 통해 대피소 내 프라이버시 확보 필요성에 대한 시사점과 대표적 파티션 사례에 대해 정성적 분석을 하였다. 사례연구를 통해 도출된 주요 연구시사점은 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. ? 재난대피소의 대부분은 남성 중심으로 운영되었으며, 그로 인해 여성의 고유 요구사항에 대한 배려가 부족하였다. ? 대피소 생활이 장기화됨에 따라서 프라이버시 침해로 인한 스트레스 문제가 증가해 가는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 여성성에 대한 존엄성 침해방지가 절실하다. ? 타인의 시선 차단을 위해 파티션을 설치하는 것은 효과적인 방법이다. 단, 이재민 사이의 공동피난생활에 위화감이 발생하지 않아야 한다. ? 이재민에게 개별공간을 부여하기 위한 우선순위는 수유실, 탈의실, 재해약자와 그 가족의 거주공간 등으로 배려할 필요가 있다. ? 대피소용 응급 파티션은 공통적으로 입수 및 설치용 이성, 보관성과 내구성, 제조가격 그리고 설치안정성 등이 고려된 형태가 되어야 할 것이다. This study is a case study regarding the partition installation phenomenon to secure privacy of refugees in the shelter right after a large disaster. The purpose of this study is to respond to unexpected large disasters and to induce referable concept similarities for disaster facility and product design. For the purpose of this study, various cases were collected from literature review on refugee life in the shelter and documentary video of disaster sites. Through contents analysis of the collected materials, a qualitative analysis on the suggestions for the necessity of privacy in the shelter and representative partition cases was made. Major implications of this case study can be summarized as follows. ? Most of shelters were operated as men?oriented and considerations on genuine requests of women were not sufficiently made. ? As the shelter life became prolonged, stress increased because of infringement of privacy. In particular, it is urgently needed to prevent infringement of feminine dignity. ? It is an effective method to install a partition to cut optic lines of others. However, it is also important not to compose disharmony in the shelter. ? The priority to allow private space shall be Nursing Room, Changing Room and living area for the week in the disaster and their family. ? The emergency partition in the shelter should consider ease of purchase and installation, storage and durability, manufacturing cost and installation stability.

무인항공기 사생활 보호 방안

이보성(Bosung Lee),이중엽(Joongyeup Lee),박유진(Yujin Park),김범수(Beomsoo Kim) 한국정보보호학회 2016 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.26 No.4

무인항공기에 의한 사생활 침해는 신고를 필요로 하지 않는 소형 무인항공기에 장착된 영상정보처리기기로 인해 발생할 가능성이 크다. 본 논문에서는 무인항공기로부터의 사생활 보호를 위해 사생활 보호 관련 법령 - 개인정보보호법, 정보통신망법–등이 무인항공기에 장착된 영상정보처리기기의 이동성을 반영할 수 있도록 보완될 것을 제안한다. 이와함께, 사생활 침해의 우려가 가장 큰 미신고 소형 무인항공기에 대한 규정을 항공관련 법령에 포함할 것을 제안한다. 또한 피촬영자의 무인항공기 인지 및 촬영된 영상정보에 대한 비식별화 조치 등의 기술적 대응 방안을 제안한다. Privacy-right infringement using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) usually occurs due to the unregistered small UAV with the image data processing equipment. In this paper we propose that privacy protection acts, Personal Information Protection Act, Information and Communications Network Act, are complemented to consider the mobility of image data processing equipment installed on UAV. Furthermore, we suggest the regulations for classification of small UAVs causing the biggest concern of privacy-right infringement are included in aviation legislations. In addition, technological countermeasures such as recognition of UAV photographing and masking of identifying information photographed by UAV are proposed.

‘정보공개법’상 개인정보 보호와 공익의 조화: 코로나19 팬데믹하에서의 프라이버시 침해를 중심으로

이근옥 한국언론정보학회 2020 한국언론정보학보 Vol.103 No.-

This study aims to examine the legal harmony between public interest and the right to privacy. To counteract the spread of the coronavirus disease COVID-19, governments and quarantine authorities have chosen ‘information exposure’ instead of ‘movement restriction.’ This way can be based on surveillance technology, smart-city infrastructure, a culture that tolerates a certain level of surveillance, neither of which can be created overnight. Along with the evaluation that the disclosure of COVID-19 confirmed cases’ movements contributed to the prevention and depending spread of infectious diseases, there was a common opinion that it caused personal information infringement problems due to excessive exposure of personal information. Therefore, this researcher considered the exceptions that must be made public for the public interest and human rights relief, which is an infringement of personal freedom and privacy, as stipulated in Article 9, paragraph (1), item (6) of the Act on Access to Information by Public Institutions. ‘Personal Information Protection Act’ precludes the application of the law in situations of the public health crisis. The problem is that there is no specific agreement on the scope of the rights and protection of information entities and the conditions for restrictions. No specific bill has been prepared, and the subject of handling personal information has been diversified. It is necessary to prepare for conflicts and problems that our society will face when COVID-19 pandemic comes to an end. This study sought to identify legal issues that arise when disclosing personal information and location information of COVID-19 cases. In addition, this study researched the legal harmony between the public interest of the people’s right to know and the right to privacy and presented present legal readjustment measures.