Pressure Algometer를 이용한 정상 한국인의 골격근 압통역치에 관한 연구

김연희 中央醫學社 1990 中央醫學 Vol.55 No.10

Pain is the most frequently complained clinical symptom and it reflects an abnormal state of physical structure. Because pain is influenced by physical, psychological and environmental factors, it is very difficult to measure the existence and severity of pain accurately and objectively. Pressure threshold is the minimal pressure (force) which induces pain. The purpose of this study is to find out mean pressure thresholds over several skeletal muscles frequently afflicted by trigger points in order to get baseline data for evaluation and follow up of muscular pain. We examined 180 normal Korean adults and measured pressure thresholds using a pressure algometer which was developed by Fisher. We also analyzed the correlation between pressure threshold and Beck's depression score and the thickness of abdominal and triceps fat tissue. The results are as follows: 1. The lowest mean pressure threshold was in the trapezius muscle having a value of 2.58 t 0.77 kg/cm2 , and highest was in the lumbar paraspinalis muscle which had a value of 5.18 t 1.68 kg/cm2. 2. Mean pressure threshold is higher in men than women in all examined skeletal muscles. 3. There was no statistically significant difference between right and left corresponding muscles. 4. Mean pressure threshold in all examined skeletal muscles was lowest in their third decade and highest in the age group older than fifty years. 5. There are statistically significant differences in pressure thresholds between individual muscles in both male and female. 6. There were positive correlations between pressure threshold over trapezius, infraspinatus and lumbar paraspinalis muscles and the thickness of abdominal fat tissue in women. 7. There was no positive correlation between Beck's depression score and pressure threshold in all examined skeletal muscles.

슬링운동과 근막이완기법이 만성 목통증 여성의 통증, 압통역치와 근활성도에 미치는 영향

황정호,최영준 한국리듬운동학회 2022 한국리듬운동학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sling exercise and myofascial release on pain, pressure pain threshold and muscle activity in women with chronic neck pain. 52 subjects participated in this study. Participants were randomly assignment to the sling exercise group(SEG, n=17), the myofascial release group(MFRG, n=17), and the control group(CG, n=18). Pain, pressure pain threshold and muscle activity test were performed for evaluate of pre-and post-intervention in participants. As a result, the pre to post-test measures revealed a significant effect in SEG and MFRG on the pain, pressure pain threshold and muscle activity(p<.05). The pain and muscle activity were significant decrease in SEG and MFRG(p<.05) than CG and it was the highest in SEG(p<.05). but there was no significant difference among the three groups in the pressure pain threshold(p>.05). The pain, pressure pain threshold and muscle activity were no significant in SEG and MFRG. In conclusion, for women with chronic neck pain, sling exercise and myofascial release intervention is effective on the pain, pressure pain threshold and muscle activity

1Hz와 200Hz의 저주파 전기자극에 따른 상부승모근 신경섬유의 반응성 감소 연구

박태성,강종호 대한스포츠물리치료학회 2016 정형스포츠물리치료학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of electrical stimulation in low- and high- frequency ranges on sensation and pressure-pain thresholds. A group of 54 subjects were randomly assigned to a 1 Hz electrical stimulation group (Group 1) and a 200 Hz electrical stimulation group (Group 2). Sensory threshold and pressure-pain threshold tests were performed before and after electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation in the low- and high-frequency ranges increased both the sensory and pressure-pain thresholds. Of note, high-frequency electrical stimulation increased the thresholds of sensation and pressure-pain more than that noted with low-frequency electrical stimulation. The findings of this study showed that high-frequency electrical stimulation was more effective than low-frequency electrical stimulation in improving sensation and pressure-pain thresholds.

경견부 근막통증증후군에 대한 침치료 효과와 압통역치의 변화

조성규,서정철,최도영,김용석,Cho, Seong-Gyu,Seo, Jung-Chul,Choi, Do-Young,Kim, Yong-Suk 대한침구의학회 2001 대한침구의학회지 Vol.18 No.5

Objective : This study was performed to confirm the effects of acupuncture on myofascial pain syndrome(MPS) through the change of visual analogue scale(VAS) and pain pressure threshold(PPT) and the usefulness of pressure algometer on the evaluation of pain. Methods : We perfomed this study with 20 outpatients complaining of upper back pain. Before acupuncture therapy(AT), immediately after AT and 2-3 days after AT, we respectively checked visual analogue scale(VAS) and pain pressure threshold(PPT) through pressure algometer, with patients seated and relaxed. The PPT was checked at major trigger point of upper trapezius, levator scapulae, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, rhomboideus minor. and the patients were needled at the same points and maintained for 15 minutes. Results : VAS of immediately after AT was mild higher than that of before AT, but not significantly different. and VAS of 2-3 days after AT was significantly lower than before AT and immediately after AT. PPT of immediately after AT was lower than before PT, but not significantly different. PPT of 2-3 days after AT was significantly higher than that of before AT and immediately after AT. Also PPT was significantly correlated with VAS. Conclusion : PPT of omen was signicantly lower than that of men. and there was no significant difference by age. PPT was increased according to pain duration. Effectiveness of acupuncture on myofascial pain syndrome through PPT and VAS is showed at 2-3 days after AT rather than immediatly after AT. and pressure algometer is useful for the evaluation of Acupuncture therapy on myofascial pain syndrome.

The Effects of Spiral Taping Theraphy-A Randomisation Controlled Trial

Choi Sung-hun,Ko Kyoung-mo,Kim Kyung-woon,Lee Yoon-kyung,Lim Seong-chul,Jung Tae-young,Lee Kyung-min,Hwang Jae-wok,Seo Jung-chul 대한침구의학회 2006 대한침구의학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Objectives : This study was designed to estimate the effects of Spiral Taping theraphy on low back pain or neck pain patients by using pressure pain threshold, visual analogue scale(VAS), and range of motion(ROM).Methods : The patients were allocated into two groups by randomisation. Spiral Taping theraphy group consisted of 11 patients and acupuncture theraphy group consisted of 10 patients. The degree of improvement of neck pain was evaluated by pressure pain threshold, VAS, and ROM before treatment and after treatment. The patients were commonly treated with acupuncture theraphy. After acupuncture Spiral Taping theraphy was performed in Spiral Taping theraphy group.Results : Pressure pain threshold and VAS were significantly different between two groups. In Spiral Taping theraphy group the pressure pain threshold of the all points was significantly increased and VAS was significantly decreased than control group. But there was no significant difference between the two groups in ROM. Conclusion : The effectiveness of Spiral Taping theraphy on low back pain and neck pain patients was shown through pressure algometer and VAS. These imply that Spiral Taping theraphy may be useful for on low back pain or neck pain. Further study is needed about Spiral Taping theraphy.

Rainbow Power Therapy의 경항통에 대한 효과

서정철,서보명,김성웅,이경민,윤종석,이세연,김경운,이윤경,임성철,정태영,황재옥,한상원,Seo, Jung-Chul,Seo, Bo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Woong,Lee, Kyung-Min,Yun, Jong-Seok,Lee, Sea-Youn,Kim, Kyung-Woon,Lee, Yoon-Kyung,Lim, Seong-Chul,Jung, Tae-Young 경락경혈학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Objective : This study was designed to estimate the effects of Rainbow Power therapy on neck pain patients by using Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and pressure algometer. Methods : Rainbow Power therapy group consisted of 18 patients and acupuncture therapy group consisted of 7 patients. The degree of improvement of neck pain was evaluated by VAS and pain pressure threshold(at the points of Jianjing GB21 and Jianwaishu SI14) before treatment, before 3rd treatment and before 5th treatment. Rainbow Power therapy was performed at the points of Jianjing GB21, Zhongfu LU1, Yangxi LI5, Ganshu BL18, Weishu BL21 and Shenshu, BL23. Each points were stimulated with RP-UM103(Rainbow Power therapy instrument) for 20 seconds. The points of acupuncture therapy were Jeonggeun, Jeongjong, Sangbaekn and Hegu LI4 and acupuncture was maintained for 15 minutes. After above therapy dry cupping was performed at the points of Jianjing GB21, Jianwaishu SI14, Gaohuang BL43, Tianzong, SI11 and Bingfeng SI12 for 5 minutes. Results : There was no significant difference between the two groups in VAS, pain threshold of Jianjing GB21 and Jianwaishu SI14 following treatment. In the two groups VAS was significantly decreased. In Rainbow Power therapy group the pain threshold of the two points was significantly increased. But there was no significant increase in acupuncture therapy groups about the pain threshold of Jianwaishu SI14. Conclusions : The effectiveness of Rainbow Power therapy on neck pain was shown through VAS and pressure algometer. These imply that Rainbow Power therapy may be useful for neck pain. Further study is needed about Rainbow Power therapy.

Immediate Effect of Pressure Pain Threshold and Flexibility in Tensor Fascia Latae and Iliotibial Band According to Various Foam Roller Exercise Methods

Ho Kim,Wonseob Shin 국제물리치료연구학회 2019 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.10 No.4

Background: The treatment of pain in the iliotibial band friction syndrome has been difficult to determine, according to studies to date. However, recent studies have suggested that flexibility in the subacute stage of pain in the iliotibial band friction syndrome may help reduce pain. Objective: To investigate the immediate effect on pressure pain threshold and flexibility of the tensor fascia latae and iliotibial band by applying static and dynamic myofascial release foam rolling and self-stretching to adults with shortening iliotibial band. Design: Randomized controlled trial Methods: In this study, 50 subjects who were selected in advance as a randomized controlled trial were randomly allocated using a R Studio program. The included subjects were randomly allocated to three intervention groups. The static self-myofascial release 18 people, dynamic self-myofascial release group 16 people separated the self-stretching group 16 people and conducted a homogeneity check in advance. Before the start of the experiment, after of the experiment, 5 minutes after the end of the experiment, the pressure pain threshold and flexibility change for each part were measured. Results: The results of this study showed that the static self-myofascial release showed a significant difference in the pressure pain threshold in the tensor fascia latae and middle, lower part of the iliotibial band, compared with the other intervention groups (p<.05). In change of flexibility, the static selfmyofascial release was significantly different than the other intervention groups (p<.05). Conclusion: The result of this study suggest that static self-myofascial release using foam roller may help to improve the pain and flexibility of the iliotibial band and to apply it as a more discerning intervention.

Rainbow Power Therapy의 경항통에 대한 효과

서정철 ( Jung Chul Seo ),서보명 ( Bo Myung Seo ),김성웅 ( Sung Woong Kim ),이경민 ( Kyung Min Lee ),윤종석 ( Jong Seok Yun ),이세연 ( Sea Youn Lee ),김경운 ( Kyung Woon Kim ),이윤경 ( Yoon Kyung Lee ),임성철 ( Seong Chul Lim ) 대한경락경혈학회 2004 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.21 No.2

Objective: This study was designed to estimate the effects of Rainbow Power therapy on neck pain patients by using Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and pressure algometer. Methods: Rainbow Power therapy group consisted of 18 patients and acupuncture therapy group consisted of 7 patients. The degree of improvement of neck pain was evaluated by VAS and pain pressure threshold(at the points of Jianjing GB21 and Jianwaishu SI14) before treatment, before 3rd treatment and before 5th treatment. Rainbow Power therapy was performed at the points of Jianjing GB21, Zhongfu LU1, Yangxi LI5, Ganshu BL18, Weishu BL21 and Shenshu, BL23. Each points were stimulated with RP-UM103(Rainbow Power therapy instrument) for 20 seconds. The points of acupuncture therapy were Jeonggeun, Jeongjong, Sangbaekn and Hegu LI4 and acupuncture was maintained for 15 minutes. After above therapy dry cupping was performed at the points of Jianjing GB21, Jianwaishu SI14, Gaohuang BL43, Tianzong, SI11 and Bingfeng SI12 for 5 minutes. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in VAS, pain threshold of Jianjing GB21 and Jianwaishu SI14 following treatment. In the two groups VAS was significantly decreased. In Rainbow Power therapy group the pain threshold of the two points was significantly increased. But there was no significant increase in acupuncture therapy groups about the pain threshold of Jianwaishu SI14. Conclusions: The effectiveness of Rainbow Power therapy on neck pain was shown through VAS and pressure algometer. These imply that Rainbow Power therapy may be useful for neck pain. Further study is needed about Rainbow Power therapy.

턱관절장애 환자의 목뼈 뒤굽음 각과 통증 및 기능장애 수준 간에 상관성 연구

In-su Lee,김선엽 한국전문물리치료학회 2020 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Background: There is an opinion that improper postures of the head and cervical spine are associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDs). Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate the proportions among the cervical kyphotic angle, physical symptoms including the pain intensity level of the TMJ, and severity of TMD disability in patients diagnosed with TMD. Methods: Sixty-two subjects participated in the study. The evaluation tools included mea-surements of the cervical kyphotic angle based on the Ishihara index, pressure pain threshold (PPT) on the TMJ, maximal mouth opening (MMO) without pain, current pain intensity level of the TMJ measured using the Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale (QVAS), Korean TMD (KTMD) disability index, KTMD Symptom Frequency/Intensity Scales (SFS/SIS), and Korean Headache Impact Test-6. Correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the correlations between the cervical kyphotic angle and parameters related to TMJ symptoms. Results: Variables that were significantly correlated with the cervical kyphotic angle were the PPT around the TMJ (r = 0.259, p < 0.05), current pain intensity level of the TMJ based on the QVAS (r = –0.601, p< 0.01), and usual pain intensity level based on the SIS (r = –0.379, p < 0.01). The level of TMD functional disability was significantly correlated with the degree of headache (r = 0.551, p < 0.01), level of PPT of the TMJ (r = –0.383, p < 0.01), pain-free MMO (r = –0.515, p < 0.01), pain intensity level of the TMJ based on the QVAS (r = 0.393, p < 0.01), TMD symptom frequency (r = 0.739, p < 0.01), usual pain intensity of the TMJ (r = 0.624, p < 0.01), and most severe pain intensity of the TMJ (r = 0.757, p < 0.01). Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the cervical kyphotic angle and PPT and a negative correlation between the current and usual pain intensity levels of the TMJ. The cervical kyphotic angle was a predictor of the pain level, tenderness threshold, and intensity of pain in the TMJ.

지실혈에서 지압의 방향에 따른 압통 역치의 변화

김재홍 ( Jae Hong Kim ),홍금나 ( Geum Na Hong ),최민주 ( Min Joo Choi ) 한국자연치유학회 2021 Journal of Naturopathy Vol.10 No.1

경혈 지압에서 모든 혈의 가압 방향은 통상적으로 수직 방향이다. 그러나 지실혈(BL52)에서는 수직 방향 이 배꼽 부위를 향하는지 몸통의 중심을 향하는지 명확하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 30명의 대상자의 BL52에 대한 지압의 방향에 따른 압통 역치를 측정하여 효과적인 지압 방향을 연구하는 것이었다. 방법: 대상자의 명문혈(GV4)을 중심으로 좌우 지실혈까지의 거리와 GV4와 배꼽까지의 거리를 측정하여 명문혈 좌우 지실혈이 배꼽을 지나는 타원을 이용하여 좌우 지실혈에서 배꼽 방향 및 몸통 중심 방향의 각도를 계산했다. BL52에 두 방향으로 가압하면서 대상자들 이 통증을 느끼는 시점의 압력을 통증 역치로 하였다. 압통역치는 대상자의 좌우 BL52에서 3분 간격으로 3번씩 측정 하였다. 결과: 대상자들의 좌우 BL52에서 측정된 압통 역치는 몸통 중심부를 향하여 가압할 때 상대적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p < .05). BL52에서는 가압 방향이 몸통의 중심부를 향할 때 압력에 대해 더 예민한 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 주 변보다 외부 자극에 더 예민한 경혈의 지압 요법에서, BL52에서는 몸통의 중심부를 향하도록 지압하는 것이 배꼽 방 향으로 지압하는 것보다 효율적이라는 것을 시사한다. Purpose: At acupoint pressure, the pressing direction of all acupoints is usually vertical. However, it is not clear whether the vertical direction is toward the belly button or the body’s center in the BL52. In this study, the effective direction of acupressure was studied by measuring the pressure pain threshold according to the direction of acupressure in 30 subjects. Methods: The distance from the subject's GV4 to the left and right BL52 and the distance from GV4 to the navel were measured, and then using the ellipse where the left and right BL52 of GV4 pass through the navel, the angles of the navel direction and the body’s center were calculated in the left and right BL52. The pressure at the time when the subjects felt pain while pressing the BL52 in two directions was used as the acupressure pain threshold. The pain threshold was measured 3 times at 3 minute intervals on the left and right BL52s of the subject. Results: The acupressure pain threshold measured in the left and right BL52 of the subjects was significantly decreased when pressed toward the trunk center (p < .05). In BL52, it was more sensitive to pressure when the direction of pressure is toward the body’s center. Con-clusions: Acupressure therapy of acupoint is more sensitive to external stimuli than the surrounding. In this study, acupressure directed toward the trunk center is more efficient than toward the belly button in BL52.