작부형태가 보리의 토양전염성 Bymovirus 발생과 매개균(Polymyxa graminis)의 밀도 변화에 미치는 영향

박종철,노태환,김미정,이상복,박철수,강천식,이정준,김태수 한국식물병리학회 2010 식물병연구 Vol.16 No.2

In this study, changes in virus disease occurrence and yield were monitored in conventional cropping system(rice-barley) and soybean-barley double cropping system in virus-prone area for 5 years. Also, changes in the density of Polymyxa graminis, a fungal vector, was investigated. In assay tests, mixed infection of Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) was observed. Disease severity was in the range of 7~9 in conventional cropping system. In continuous cropping of soybean-barley and 3-yearfallow land, disease severity also was around 7. However, disease severity was reduced to medium level (5)when barley cultivation was paused for one or two years in soybean-barley cropping. When barley cultivation was paused for a year, the density of P. graminis, a fungal vector for BaYMV and BaMMV, reduced in barley root and soil. Similarly, barley growth was also enhanced by adopting fallow seasons. Compared with the fifth year of conventional cropping, the number of tillers per ㎡ was increased by 158 when barley cultivation was paused for an year in soybean-barley cropping. When soybean and barley were cultivated continuously or complete fallow period was extended to three years, plant height and the number of tillers of barley were decreased. Yield components of barley in soybean-barley cropping were superior to those in rice-barley cropping. Compared with the fifth year of conventional cropping and soybean-barley cropping, culm length of barley was 1.3~2.3cm higher and the number of tillers per m2 was 36~90 higher when barley cultivation was paused for one or two years. However, those in continuous cropping of soybean-barley and 3-year-fallow land were lower compared with conventional cropping. Similarly, yield was increased when barley cultivation was paused for one or two years in the third, forth, and fifth years when compared with conventional cropping. 보리바이러스 발생 상습 논에서 관행(벼+보리)과 콩+보리의 작부체계가 보리의 바이러스병 발생과 수량에 미치는 영향을 5개년간 조사하였고, 윤작과 바이러스 매개균(Polymyxa graminis)의 밀도 변화를 검정하였다. 보리 감염 바이러스 종류를 검정한 결과 Barley yellow mosaic virus(BaYMV)와 Barley mild mosaic virus(BaMMV)가 혼합감염 되어 나타났다. 발병정도는 관행에서는 4년차를 제외하고는 7~9로 조사되었다. 반면 콩+보리 연작이나3년 동안 휴경한 경우는 발병정도가 7정도로 관행과 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 콩+벼 작부체계 중에서 보리를 1년 또는 2년(1년/2년) 휴경하면서 콩을 재배한 경우 발병정도가 중 정도(5)로 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 작부형태에 따른 BaYMV와 BaMMV의 매개균인 P. graminis의 보리 뿌리와 토양 중 밀도 변화를 조사하였다. 보리를 1년 휴경한 처리에서 보리 뿌리와 토양 중 매개균의 밀도가 가장 낮아졌다. 콩을 재배하면서 보리를 1년 휴경한 처리에서 5년차에는 관행에 비해 초장은 비슷하였으나, 경수는 158개/㎡ 많아 생육이 좋은 결과를 보였다. 콩과 보리를 연작하거나 3년간 보리와 콩을 재배하지 않고 휴경한 경우에는 관행에 비해 초장이나 경수 등 생육이 저조한 결과를 보였다. 수확기에 간장 등 수량 구성요소가 관행에 비해 보리+콩의 윤작처리에서 좋은 경향을 보여 콩과의 윤작 처리가 수량에도 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 간장은 보리를 1년/2년 휴경한 처리에서 5년차에 관행과 보리+콩 연작 처리에 비해 1.3~2.8cm 컸고, 수수도 36~90개/㎡ 많게 조사되었다. 그러나 콩+보리 연작이나 3년간 휴경한 처리에서는 관행에 비해 낮게 조사되었다. 수량성에서도 보리를 1년/2년 휴경한 처리에서는 3년차, 4년차,5년차에서 모두 관행에 비해 수량이 많아지는 결과를 보였다.

Polymyxa graminis에 의한 보리호위축바이러스의 전염기작에 관한 연구

소인영 한국식물병리학회 1993 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.9 No.2

Development of an Efficient Mechanical Inoculation Technique to Screen Barley Genotypes for Resistance to Barley mild mosaic virus Disease and its Comparison to Natural Infection

Jonson, Gilda,Park, Jong-Chul,Noh, Tae-Hwan,Kim, Mi-Jung,Hyun, Jong-Nae,Kim, Jong-Gon The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.4

Barley mild mosaic virus(BaMMV) is a soilborne Bymovirus vectored by root-infecting fungus, Polymyxa graminis. Mechanism of cultivar's resistance to BaMMV in field tests are difficult to assess since resistance could be either due to the virus or to P. graminis, or both. Whereas, available mechanical inoculation methods for BaMMV and other related viruses are labor intensive, give inconsistent results and generally result in low infection rates. Inoculation method using stick with gauze(SWG) was developed for BaMMV. The improved method proved to be simple, efficient, and reliable. The infected leaf tissues were preserved by drying in a frozen state under high vaccum(freeze dried barley infected leaves) to circumvent reduction of virus infectivity during storage. Five Korean barley cultivars were mechanically inoculated with BaMMV-infected sap by the improved method. Infection rates obtained were compared with natural infection. Cultivar Naehanssalbori showed resistance to BaMMV in the field trials but was found highly susceptible in the greenhouse tests by mechanical inoculation, indicating that the field resistance may be possibly due to resistance to P. graminis.

Auxin Production and Detection of the Gene Coding for the Auxin Efflux Carrier (AEC) Protein in Paenibacillus polymyxa

Fabio Faria Da Mota,Eliane Aparecida Gomes,Lucy Seldin 한국미생물학회 2008 The journal of microbiology Vol.46 No.3

Different species of Paenibacillus are considered to be plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) due to their ability to repress soil borne pathogens, fix atmospheric nitrogen, induce plant resistance to diseases and/or produce plant growth-regulating substances such as auxins. Although it is known that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the primary naturally occurring auxin excreted by Paenibacillus species, its transport mechanisms (auxin efflux carriers) have not yet been characterized. In this study, the auxin production of P. polymyxa and P. graminis, which are prevalent in the rhizospheres of maize and sorghum sown in Brazil, was evaluated. In addition, the gene encoding the Auxin Efflux Carrier (AEC) protein from P. polymyxa DSM36T was sequenced and used to determine if various strains of P. polymyxa and P. graminis possessed this gene. Each of the 68 P. polymyxa strains evaluated in this study was able to produce IAA, which was produced at concentrations varying from 1 to 17 μg/ml. However, auxin production was not detected in any of the 13 P. graminis strains tested in this study. Different primers were designed for the PCR amplification of the gene coding for the AEC in P. polymyxa, and the predicted protein of 319 aa was homologous to AEC from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, and B. subtilis. However, no product was observed when these primers were used to amplify the genomic DNA of seven strains of P. graminis, which suggests that this gene is not present in this species. Moreover, none of the P. graminis genomes tested were homologous to the gene coding for AEC, whereas all of the P. polymyxa genomes evaluated were. This is the first study to demonstrate that the AEC protein is present in P. polymyxa genome.

Nested PCR 기법을 이용한 토양으로부터 Barley yellow mosaic virus 검출

이중환,손창기,권중배,남효훈,김영태,이봉춘,신동범,Lee, Joong-Hwan,Son, Chang-Gi,Kwon, Joong-Bae,Nam, Hyo-Hun,Kim, Yeong-Tae,Lee, Bong-Choon,Shin, Dong-Bum 한국식물병리학회 2017 식물병연구 Vol.23 No.1

2단계의 nested PCR 방법을 이용하여 보리 및 벼 재배 토양에서 Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV)를 검출하였다. BaYMV 분절 RNA1 외피단백질 영역의 특이 프라이머로 1차 PCR을 하고 내부서열로부터 작성된 프라이머로 2차 PCR을 실시하여 확보된 372 bp의 PCR 산물이 BaYMV 외피단백질 영역과 98%-100% 염기서열이 일치하여 BaYMV를 검출할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이 결과는 토양으로부터 BaYMV 검출에 관한 최초의 보고이며 토양전염성 바이러스의 정확한 진단과 예찰에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), which is transmitted by the root-inhabiting protist Polymyxa graminis, causes a soil-borne disease. In this study, we detected BaYMV from soil using two-step nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specific primers based on a coat protein region of BaYMV segment RNA1 were used in the first round of amplification. Based on the sequenced amplicon, an inner primer was designed for the second round of amplification. A PCR product of 372 bp exhibited 98%-100% nucleotide sequence identity with the coat protein region of BaYMV segment RNA1. In this study, we propose an easy method for the detection of BaYMV from soil, may considerably assist in accurate fungus-transmitted virus diagnosis and subsequent disease forecasting. This is the first report on the detection of BaYMV from soil.

Isolation and Biological Characterization of Barley mild mosaic virus(BaMMV) Mild and Severe Strains in Korea

Jonson, Gilda,Park, Jong-Chul,Noh, Tae-Hwan,Kim, Mi-Jung,Hyun, Jong-Nae,Kim, Jung-Gon The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.4

Two distinct and stable isolates of Barley mild mosaic virus(BaMMV) designated as Naju82-S(severe) and Naju82-M(mild) were obtained. These two isolates differed in their symptomatology, virus transmission characteristics and cultivar specificity at various temperature. Thus, these isolates were referred to as strains in this study. BaMMV Naju-S strain showed severe mosaic symptoms accompanied by necrosis on the infected leaves. Naju82-S strain is more virulent demonstrated by shorter incubation period and relatively high virus concentration than Naju82-M strain. Five Korean cultivars were tested for their pathogenicity to different strains based on the rate of infection. Results showed that infection rate of cultivars to both strains did not significantly differed from each other. However, under different temperatures, the pathogenicity on the two cultivars such as cultivars Hopumbori and Sessalbori were significantly affected. Hopumbori was moderately resistant to both strains at $10-12^{\circ}C$ and susceptible at $15-18^{\circ}C$. Similarly, Sessalbori was moderately resistant at $10-12^{\circ}C$ to both strains but distinctly differentiated at $15-18^{\circ}C$ wherein it was resistant to mild strain and highly susceptible to severe strain. Other cultivars including Baegdong, Jinyangbori and Neahanssalbori consistently showed susceptible reaction to both strains at varying temperatures tested in this study.

Isolation and Biological Characterization of Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) Mild and Severe Strains in Korea

Gilda Jonson,Jong-Chul Park,Tae Hwan Noh,Mi-Jung Kim,Jong-Nae Hyun,Jung-Gon Kim 한국식물병리학회 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.4

Two distinct and stable isolates of Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) designated as Naju82-S (severe) and Naju82-M (mild) were obtained. These two isolates differed in their symptomatology, virus transmission characteristics and cultivar specificity at various temperature. Thus, these isolates were referred to as strains in this study. BaMMV Naju-S strain showed severe mosaic symptoms accompanied by necrosis on the infected leaves. Naju82-S strain is more virulent demonstrated by shorter incubation period and relatively high virus concentration than Naju82-M strain. Five Korean cultivars were tested for their pathogenicity to different strains based on the rate of infection. Results showed that infection rate of cultivars to both strains did not significantly differed from each other. However, under different temperatures, the pathogenicity on the two cultivars such as cultivars Hopumbori and Sessalbori were significantly affected. Hopumbori was moderately resistant to both strains at 10-12oC and susceptible at 15-18oC. Similarly, Sessalbori was moderately resistant at 10-12oC to both strains but distinctly differentiated at 15-18oC wherein it was resistant to mild strain and highly susceptible to severe strain. Other cultivars including Baegdong, Jinyangbori and Neahanssalbori consistently showed susceptible reaction to both strains at varying temperatures tested in this study.