정당과 정치인의 이미지 일치성이 유권자의 정당 충성도에 미치는 영향: 정치인 평판의 조절효과를 중심으로

안가영,진명지 한국정치커뮤니케이션학회 2022 정치커뮤니케이션 연구 Vol.- No.66

In the recent 20th presidential election in Korea, the fact that the image of a political party or politician to the public is a factor that can influence voters' voting behavior was proved through the case of Yoon, Seok-Yeol (the People's Power Party) and Lee, Jae-Myung (the Democratic Party). Accordingly, this study examined how the image of a political party and the image of a politician affect voters’loyalty to a political party. In addition, it was intended to find out how politicians' reputation (moral, political ability, leadership, communication, and administrative abilities) moderates the relationship between the image congruency of a political party with a politician and voters' loyalty to a political party. To this end, a survey was conducted on 431 adults (male: 215 and female: 216). The result showed that the image of a party had a positive effect on voters' party loyalty, and the image of a politician had a positive effect on voters’ loyalty to a party. However, it was found that the image congruency of a political party and a politician had a negative effect on voters’party loyalty. Additionally, it was revealed that only the reputation of a politician's administrative abilities showed a moderating effect in the relationship between party image and party loyalty of voters. Whereas the moderating effect of politician reputation was not confirmed in the relationship between politician image and party loyalty, and in the relationship between party and politician image congruency and party loyalty. The implication of this study is that voters do not recognize that the image of the party and the image of the politician are congruent, and the image of the party rather than the image of the politician may be a variable that affects the voters' choices. 최근 대한민국 제20대 대통령선거에서 국민에게 정당이나 정치인의 이미지가 유권자의 투표 행위에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인이라는 점이 주요 후보자였던 윤석열(국민의힘)과 이재명(더불어민주당)을 통해 증명되었다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 정당의 이미지와 정치인의 이미지가 정당에 대한 유권자의 충성도에 어떤 영향을 주는지를 살펴보았다. 또한, 정당 및 정치인의 이미지 일치성과 유권자의 정당에 대한 충성도 간의 관계를 정치인의 평판(도덕성, 정치적 능력, 리더십, 소통력, 행정력)이 어떻게 조절하는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 성인 431명(남: 215명, 여: 216명)을 대상으로 설문을 진행하였다. 그 결과, 정당 이미지가 정당 충성도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 정치인의 이미지도 정당에 대한 유권자의 충성도에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 정당 및 정치인의 이미지 일치성은 정당 충성도에 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 정당 이미지와 유권자들의 정당 충성도 간의 관계에서 정치인의 행정력 평판만이 조절효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에, 정치인 이미지와 정당 충성도 간의 관계에서와 정당 및 정치인의 이미지 일치성과 정당 충성도의 관계에서 정치인 평판의 조절효과는 확인되지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해 유권자들은 정당의 이미지와 정치인의 이미지를 일치시켜 인지하지 않으며, 정치인의 이미지보다 정당의 이미지가 유권자들의 선택에 영향을 주는 변인일 수 있다는 시사점을 갖는다.

노동운동의 위기와 지역노동운동의 대응전략 : 전라북도 대기업 노동조합의 지역사회 개입을 중심으로

이성호(Lee Seong-ho) 한국지역사회학회 2008 지역사회연구 Vol.16 No.1

Along with the expanded demand for woman's political participation, a study was conducted on the nation's mind and how the populous evaluates female politicians who participate in the 17th round congress. Regardless of gender, education level, occupation, and income, most people evaluated female politicians positively, however, 50% of people still evaluated female politicians as similar to male politicians, which means they don't feel that there is a significant difference between male and female politicians. Many female politicians have received high attention for their activities, however, due to the small number of female politicians, it is difficult to show their role well during the amendment process because they are overrun by the majority opinion in their party. Moreover, it was determined that local size or conservative mind of the locality has a greater effect on evaluating female politicians than the age, income, and education level. Also because conservative men have negative views and opinions about female politicians, one of the most important things is 'changing the mind set' to overcome conservative and paternalism mind towards female politicians. Favorable impressions about female politicians were significantly high regardless of the variables. Also there was a large percentage of pros regarding the female quota system for party nominations. Now, it requires a great deal of effort from politics, woman associations, and various citizen societies to make continuous interaction between various efforts and systematical execution to expand the participation of female politicians because those efforts can bring a more positive evaluation about female politicians, and furthermore, it can increase the amount of attention and evaluation about the overall congress and politics in general.

여성의 정치참여와 국민의식의 연관성 : 여성국회의원에 대한 국민들의 평가를 중심으로

鄭惠淑(Jung Hye-Sug) 한국지역사회학회 2007 지역사회연구 Vol.15 No.4

Along with the expanded demand for woman's political participation, a study was conducted on the nation's mind and how the populous evaluates female politicians who participate in the 17th round congress. Regardless of gender, education level, occupation, and income, most people evaluated female politicians positively, however, 50% of people still evaluated female politicians as similar to male politicians, which means they don't feel that there is a significant difference between male and female politicians. Many female politicians have received high attention for their activities, however, due to the small number of female politicians, it is difficult to show their role well during the amendment process because they are overrun by the majority opinion in their party. Moreover, it was determined that local size or conservative mind of the locality has a greater effect on evaluating female politicians than the age, income, and education level. Also because conservative men have negative views and opinions about female politicians, one of the most important things is 'changing the mind set' to overcome conservative and paternalism mind towards female politicians. Favorable impressions about female politicians were significantly high regardless of the variables. Also there was a large percentage of pros regarding the female quota system for party nominations. Now, it requires a great deal of effort from politics, woman associations, and various citizen societies to make continuous interaction between various efforts and systematical execution to expand the participation of female politicians because those efforts can bring a more positive evaluation about female politicians, and furthermore, it can increase the amount of attention and evaluation about the overall congress and politics in general.

Problems and Improvement Plan for Security against KOREAN Politician TERRORISM

Jung Kwi young,Kim Ha kyeong J-INSTITUTE 2017 Public Value Vol.2 No.2

It is a very big problem in our society to cause anxiety to the people because of the terrorism against politicians. In this respect, it is necessary to prepare new measures against the terrorist attacks on politicians. Despite the many security measures that have been carried out so far, there is a need for a new improvement plan due to the change of the age, new security equipment, and various new terrorist attacks taken place. Therefore, this study aims to identify the current problems of security for the politician and to propose a new improvement plan. This study is a case study analyzing terrorist incidents targeting politicians, after analyzing the causes of se-curity failures based on the cases of terrorist attacks on politicians in Korea, it suggested the following improve-ment plan. First, in order to improve the crisis management response and the ability of security performance in the event of the terrorist attack against politicians, it is required for the security personnel to have excellent professional knowledge on politician security and excellent practical ability. When it comes to having these qualifications required, it is necessary to study the professional knowledge at university first, along with having excellent prac-tical skills. Second, in order to improve the problems of inspection and preliminary detection that can be found through cases of terrorist attacks against politicians, it is vital to increase security personnel for politicians to develop the ability to detect in the field, to increase the number of inspection manpower before and during the security ser-vice for frequent inspections, and to improve the efficiency of the inspection through the dedicated area inspec-tion.

What Contingency Factors Affect the Image of Korean Politicians?

Sungwook Hwang,Hyo Jung Kim 한국학술연구원 2020 Korea Observer Vol.51 No.3

This study applies the contingency theory of accommodation (CTA) to examine the extent to which the contingent variables surrounding a politician can influence the public s perception of the politician s image and their voting intentions in Korea. A total of 1,126 respondents were asked to view two aspects of a politician s image: (1) the politician s capabilities and attractiveness, and (2) the corruptness and self-righteousness (RQ1). The following factors had a significant impact on the respondents perception of a politician s capabilities and attractiveness: their party leader s transformational leadership, the politician s communication activity and family history, prominent issues that the politician encounters, voter characteristics, the political party s relationship with the electorate, and the respondents monthly income (RQ2). The following factors had a significant impact on the respondents perception of a politician s corruption and self-righteousness: their party s political stability, the party s internal threats, the political environment, prominent issues that the politician encounters, and external threats to the politician (RQ2). The respondents voting intentions were positively influenced by the openness of the party, the party leader s transformational leadership, relationship between the party and the voters, the politician s communication activities, and their perceived capability and attractiveness (RQ3). Interestingly, the higher the degree of party stability and perceived corruption of a politician, the lower the respondents intention to vote for them (RQ3). After detailing these results, this study presents an in-depth discussion of its theoretical and practical implications.

한국 청소년이 지각하는 긍정적인 정치가 상(像) 분석

박희현 한국인간발달학회 2014 인간발달연구 Vol.21 No.1

This study was conducted in order to analyze positive images based on model politicians and their characteristics as they are perceived by Korean adolescents. The sample comprised 1908 Korean middle and high school students. The methodology used was inquiry based. The collected data were analyzed by content analysis. The politicians who were seen as being positive models by adolescents were mostly presidents and kings. The content analysis was divided into 5 sub-categories; personality, cognitive․thought․behavioral characteristic, attitudes toward politics, political achievement and ability, and external features. Honesty and leadership were perceived to be the most characteristics of a good politician. Politicians who did their best, worked hard, had distinct values were perceived as being the better politicians. In term of public politics, having the public interest at heart, instead of their own interests, and thinking from the position of ordinary people were perceived to be the most favorable political skills of good politicians. Ending slavery and realizing equality, development and growth in the economy, and creating Hangul were perceived to be the most important political achievements. These results will help create positive images of politicians. Additionally by analyzing images of positive politicians, this study will contribute to an educational model of respected politicians for adolescents.

막스 베버(Max Weber)의 직업으로서의 정치 에 나타난 ‘직업정치인’의 경제적 외적 조건에 관한 고찰

송백석 한독사회과학회 2025 한독사회과학논총 Vol.35 No.2

본 논문은 막스 베버의 강연문 직업으로서의 정치 에 대한 분석적 읽기를 통해 ‘직업정치인’의 외적 조건에 대해 고찰해 본다. 그리고 직업으로서의 정치 에 숨어 있는 직업정치인에 대한 막스 베버의 시대사적 이해를 조명한다. 이를 통해 베버는 직업정치인의 등장을 15세기부터 20세기 초까지 일어난 정치경제의 체제적 변동과 함께 일어나는 현상으로서 이해하고 있었음을 보여준다. 그는 직업정치인 탄생의 기원, 유형, 활동양상을 체제변화 및 국가질서변화의 맥락에서 이해했다. 베버의 통찰은 여전히 유효하여 자본주의 시장경제 시대의 현대정치를 읽어내는데 도움을 준다. 첫째, 현대 국가에서 지도자인 대통령과 총리는 각각 대선과 총선이라는 용역시장에서 국민투표라는 인증을 통하여 자신의 정치노동력을 판매하는데 성공했다. 이 결과 재임기간 동안 받는 급료를 주된 수입으로 하는 직업정치인이 되었다. 둘째, 자본주의 시장경제시대의 정치인은 이제 고용관계에 성공적으로 들어오지 못하면 경제적 수입을 걱정해야 하는 새로운 상황에 처하게 되었다. 정치인의 비전과 잠재성도 자본주의 시장경제 시대에는 하나의 상품이다. 자신의 정치상품을 시장에서 성공적으로 팔아야 한다. 그리고 고용관계 속으로 들어가 임금을 받는 직업정치인이 되어야 안정적인 수입을 창출 할 수 있다. 베버는 또한 직업정치인의 경제적 외적 조건에 크게 관심을 가지고 있었다. 그는 고용되어 임금을 가지고 살아야 하는 직업정치인의 구조적 한계의 맥락에서 재산과 돈의 현실적 문제를 분석하기도 했다. This paper examines the external conditions of ‘professional politicians’ through an analytical reading of Max Weber’s lecture on Politics as a Vocation. It also sheds light on Max Weber’s historical understanding of professional politicians hidden in Politics as a Vocation. By doing this, it shows that Weber understood the emergence of professional politicians as a phenomenon that occurred along with the systematic changes in political economy that occurred from the 15th century to the early 20th century. He understood the origins, types, and activity patterns of the birth of professional politicians in the context of changes in the system and national order. Weber’s insight is still valid and helps us read modern politics in the capitalist era. First, in modern countries, the president and prime minister could be understood to have succeeded in selling their political labor through the certification of national referendum in the service market of presidential elections and general elections, respectively. As a result, they have become professional politicians whose main income is the salary they receive during their term of office. Second, politicians in the capitalist market economy era are now faced with a new situation where they have to worry about their economic income if they fail to successfully enter into an employment relationship. The vision and potential of politicians are also a commodity in the era of capitalist market economy. One must successfully sell one's political product in the market. And one is to become a professional politician who enters an employment relationship and receive wages in order to create a stable income. Weber was also greatly interested in the economic external conditions of professional politicians. He also analyzed the practical problems of property and money in the context of the structural limitations of professional politicians who are employed and have to live off wages.

포퓰리즘 시대의 청년 정치: 온라인 커뮤니티 담론이 구성하는 청년 정치인의 ‘자격’

김선기,이준형,정보영 한국언론정보학회 2025 한국언론정보학보 Vol.131 No.-

청년 정치인들은 정치에 새로운 바람을 일으킬 세대교체의 주자로 주목받으면서도, 동시에 기성 정치인 및 정당 내의 지지자들과 반복적으로 불화를 일으켜 왔다. 우리는 이러한 현상의 배경에 최근 한국정치를 조직하는 주요한 원리가 되고 있는 포퓰리즘이라는 맥락이 있다고 보고, 포퓰리즘과 청년 정치의 관계를 살펴보려 했다. 이를 위해 21대 국회 시기의 더불어민주당 청년 정치인들을 사례로 선택하고, 온라인 커뮤니티 클리앙에서 청년 정치인과 청년 정치에 대한 어떠한 담론이 나타나고 있는지를 분석하였다. 특히 ‘바람직한 청년 정치인의 자격’이 어떻게 구성되고 있는지를 살펴보았는데, 내부 비판보다는 당의 주류적 목소리의 확성기가 되어 줄 청년, 페미니스트가 아니라서 청년층의 표를 가져올 수 있다고 여겨지는 청년, 종합편성채널을 비롯한 기성 언론에 이용당하기보다는 소위 ‘진보 유튜브’와 긍정적 관계를 맺는 청년이 좋은 청년 정치인의 기준으로 설정되고 있었다. 청년 정치인들은 정당 내의 포퓰리즘적 지지층을 배반하지 않도록 스스로 규율하거나, 아니면 이를 적극적으로 비판하면서 정당을 이탈하고 있다. 대의 구조라는 맥락에서 보면, 포퓰리즘은 청년 정치인이 각 정당 주류 지지자의 목소리와일치하지 않는 청년을 실질적으로 대표하기 어렵도록 하는 기제로 작용하고 있다. Young politicians have repeatedly caused discord with established politicians and supporters within political parties. The context of this phenomenon is populism, which has recently become a major organizing principle in Korean politics. We wanted to investigate the relationship between populism and youth politics. To this end, We selected the youth politicians of the Democratic Party of South Korea as an example and analyzed what discourses on youth politicians and youth politics appeared in the online community Clien. We looked at how the qualifications of a desirable young politician were defined. First, young politicians were preferred who would be spokespersons for the mainstream voice of the party rather than internal critics. Second, it was argued that in order to win the youth vote, a young politician should not be a feminist. Third, a young person who develops a positive relationship with alternative media rather than being used by the mainstream media was set as the standard for a good young politician. Young politicians either discipline themselves not to betray the populist support base within their parties, or they actively criticize it and leave the party. In the context of representative democracy, populism acts as a mechanism that makes it difficult for young politicians to represent young people whose voices do not align with the mainstream supporters of each party.

정치인의 노동조합 혐오표현

김종서 민주주의법학연구회 2024 민주법학 Vol.- No.86

이 글은 노동조합과 그 활동에 대한 극단적인 적의와 경멸을 드러낸 대통령 이하 많은 정치인들의 혐오발언에 대하여 국가인권위원회에 제기된 진정사건을 계기로 정치인들의 노동조합 혐오발언이 이른바 혐오표현에 해당한다는 점을 논증한 것이다. 이런 목적을 위하여 필자는 제1야당 대표에 대한 테러 사건에서 특정 인물에 대한 정치인들의 혐오발언이 혐오범죄로 이어질 수 있고 이는 노동조합에 대해서도 마찬가지이며 정치인의 혐오표현과 사회양극화 정도가 테러 발생률과 밀접한 관련이 있다는 논의에서 출발하였다(I). 이어서 혐오표현에 대한 다양한 정의를 살펴본 후 혐오표현이 겨냥한 개인이나 집단의 소수자성이 혐오표현의 개념요소인 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우를 나누어서 어느 경우에나 정치인들의 노조 비하 발언들은 혐오표현에 해당한다는 점을 논증하였다(II). 제3장에서는 국제연합이 혐오표현의 심각성 판단을 위한 하나의 기준으로 채택한 ‘라바트임계치시험’을 근거로 하여 정치인들의 노조 혐오발언들이 ‘매우 심각한 혐오표현’에 해당함을 밝혔다. ‘이러한 판단을 근거로 4장에서는 정치인들의 노조 혐오표현에 대한 대응 전략을 모색한 후 문제의 진정에서 국가인권위원회가 내린 결정을 강력하게 비판한 후 국가인권위원회가 다음과 같이 매우 적극적이고 분명한 입장을 표명했어야 한다고 주장하였다. 첫째, 12명 정치인들의 노동조합 관련 발언들은 노동조합과 그 조합원들에게 노동조합 또는 민주노총이라는 정체성을 이유로 적의와 경멸과 차별을 표명한 것으로 모두 혐오표현에 해당한다. 둘째, 이들 발언은 유엔이 제시한 라바트임계치시험 기준에 따를 때 국가에 따라서는 형사처벌의 대상이 될 수도 있는 가장 심각한 형태의 혐오표현에 해당한다. 셋째, 이런 심각한 혐오표현이 정부와 유력 정치인들에 의해 이루어졌다는 사실은 문제의 심각성을 더하며 혐오표현의 예방과 퇴치에 진력해야 할 정부와 정치인의 사명에 정면으로 배치되는 것이다. This article aims to demonstrate that anti-union rhetoric from politicians constitutes so-called hate speech and seeks to address the issue in light of a complaint filed with the National Human Rights Commission regarding hate speech by politicians, including the President, who expressed extreme hostility and contempt for trade unions and their activities. To this end, this article begins by noting the discussion that the incidence of hate speech by politicians and the degree of polarization in society is closely related to the incidence of terrorism in the wake of the terrorist attack on the leader of the main opposition party, and considers this discussion in relation to hate speech against trade union(Chapter 1). It then examines the various definitions of hate speech and distinguishes between those that consider the minority status of the individual or group targeted as a conceptual component of hate speech and those that do not, arguing that in either case, politicians’ demeaning and derogatory remarks about trade unions constitute hate speech (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 assesses the severity of the politicians’ anti-union remarks based on the Rabat Threshold Test, which has been adopted by the United Nations as the standard for determining the severity of hate speech, and finds that the remarks constitute a “very serious” level of hate speech. Based on these findings, Chapter 4 examines strategies for responding to the politicians’ anti-union speech and concludes by strongly criticizing the NHRC's decision in the complaint and arguing that the NHRC should have done the following: First, the statements made by the 12 politicians about trade unions constituted hate speech as they expressed hostility, contempt and discrimination against trade unions and their members because of their identity as trade unions or Korean Confederation of Trade Unions(KCTU). These statements constitute the most serious form of hate speech, which can be criminalized in some countries under the United Nations’ Rabat Threshold Test. The fact that such egregious hate speech has been made by governments and powerful politicians, and that it has been exacerbated by the growing polarization of society, only adds to the gravity of the problem, and flies in the face of the mission of those most responsible for preventing and combating hate speech: governments and politicians.

정치인 SNS의 메시지와 정치인 유형이 수용자의 반응에 미치는 영향

조정식,이재영,임지은 한국PR학회 2019 PR연구 Vol.23 No.5

<Objectives> In this study, we investigated the effects of politicians’ Facebook messages. We mainly studied Facebook because it is the most commonly used medium among SNS. Specifically, this study aimed to examine the effects of different message types (personal / social messages), information sources (celebrities / general politicians), and audience factors (political orientation) based on the previous findings and the characteristics of that medium. <Methods> This study conducted an online experiment to examine the effects of different types of messages posted by politicians on SNS as well as the types of politicians. Data was collected from actual voters through an online survey program in which the subjects were presented with experimental stimuli with different message types and politician types. The collected responses were examined afterwards. The subjects of this study were eligible to vote and were users of SNS, which totaled to be 237 respondents. <Results> The findings indicate that there is a statistically significant interaction effect in audiences’ attitudes and word of mouth intentions based on politician types and message types. With regards to online behavioral reaction intentions, there were significant differences in ‘comments’ and ‘shares’. Participants rated social messages more positively than personal messages. In addition, moderating effects of the types of politicians and the political orientations of the respondents were not found in the audience response according to the message types. However, the interaction effect of message type and political orientation was seen in the intention to ‘share’. <Conclusions> The authors believe that the results of this study are meaningful because they provide a new perspective in how SNS messages can influence political communication effects. In terms of academic implications, this study elucidates the effects of SNS messages on political communication as there are several important variables in the area of SNS and political communication used in this study. In addition, the results could be very beneficial to politicians, because this study focused on the actual messaging strategies in Facebook. <배경 및 목적> 본 연구에서는 SNS 중 보편적으로 사용되고 있는 페이스북을 중심으로 정치인의 SNS 활용에 대한 효과를살펴보고자 한다. 구체적으로 정치 커뮤니케이션 효과에 영향을 주는 메시지(개인적/사회적 메시지), 정보원(유명/일반 정치인), 그리고 수용자 요인(이념적 성향)에 대한 선행 연구들을 토대로 SNS 맥락에서의 정치커뮤니케이션 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. <방법> 본 연구는 정치인 SNS 내 게시된 메시지 유형과 정치인 유형에 따른 효과를 살펴보기 위해 실제 유권자들을대상으로 한 온라인 실험을 진행하였다. 자료 수집은 온라인 조사 프로그램을 통하여 진행되었는데, 메시지유형과 정치인 유형을 다르게 처치한 실험 자극물을 수용자에게 제시한 후 그 반응을 조사하였다. 실험에 참여한 피험자는 투표권이 있으며, SNS를 사용하고 있는 개인이었으며, 총 응답자 수는 237명이었다. <결과> 메시지 유형에 따른 정치인에 대한 태도와 구전 의도는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 즉각적 반응 의도의 경우, ‘댓글 달기’와 ‘공유하기’에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 실험 참가자들은 개인적 메시지보다 사회적 메시지에 보다 긍정적으로 평가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 메시지 유형에 따른 수용자 반응에 있어서 정치인의 유형과 수용자의 정치적 이념의 조절 효과는 대체로 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 ‘공유하기’ 반응 의도에 있어서 메시지 유형과 정치적 성향의 상호작용 효과는 나타났다. <논의 및 결론> 본 연구는 정치 커뮤니케이션 효과 연구에 있어서 SNS의 특징을 고려한 새로운 관점을 제시한 것에 의의가있다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 학문적으로 SNS 공간에서 정치 커뮤니케이션 메시지의 효과를 그간의SNS 매체 이용 행동 연구 및 정치 커뮤니케이션 연구들을 종합적으로 반영하여 진행한 연구라는 점에서 의의를 가질 수 있다. 또한 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 정치인들은 자신들의 유명 정도에 따라 메시지 전략이 달라져야 함을 알 수 있었고, 더불어 커뮤니케이션 대상이 누구인가에 따라서도 커뮤니케이션 전략이 달라짐을 본 연구는 보고하였다.