시민의 경찰협력 의사에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구: 경찰신뢰의 매개효과를 중심으로

홍승표,박종승 한국경호경비학회 2019 시큐리티연구 Vol.- No.61

The study aims to analyze the factors affecting citizens' willingness to cooperate in police activities and to verify the intermediation effects of citizens' trust in police in these relationships. In order to achieve the purpose of such research, we selected factors that are expected to affect cooperation in police activities and police confidence by conducting a survey of 502 adult men and women living in Seoul and utilized them for analysis. The results from the analysis are summarized as follows. First, procedural fairness was confirmed as an influence factor on the cooperative history of police activities. In other words, it is necessary to have police activities conducted more fairly and citizens recognize them in order to induce cooperation from citizens, as the fairer police activities are shown to increase the willingness of citizens to cooperate. Second, it was confirmed that the level of citizen awareness of patrol activities and level of disorder in the community affected cooperation in police activities through the medium of police trust. It can be said that the more positively citizens evaluate police patrol activities, the more police confidence increases and this trust leads to citizens' cooperation in police activities. In addition, as the disorderly environment in the community improves, citizens' trust in the police increases, leading to civic cooperation in police activities. Based on this, the police trust was able to confirm that it had a fully operational effect. Third, if the procedural fairness of police activities increases, citizens trust the police, and this police trust leads to cooperation in police activities. In addition, it was found that procedural fairness had a direct impact on citizens' cooperation in police activities, so it was able to confirm that there was a partial selling effect. 이 연구는 시민의 경찰협력 의사에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하고, 이러한 관계에 있어 경찰에 대한 시민의 신뢰가 갖는 매개효과를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이와 같은 연구의 목적을 달성하고자 선행연구 분석을 실시하여 경찰활동 협력 및 경찰신뢰에 영향을 미칠 것이라 예상되는 요인을 선정한 뒤, 이를 바탕으로 서울에 거주하는 성인남녀 502명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 분석에 활용하였다. 분석에 따른 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경찰협력 의사에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 절차적 공정성이 확인되었다. 즉, 경찰활동이 절차에 따라 공정하게 이루어질수록 경찰활동에 대한 시민의 협력의사가 증가하는 것으로 나타나 시민의 협력을 유도하기 위해서는 경찰활동이 보다 공정하게 집행되고 이를 시민이 인식하도록 하는 것이 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 순찰활동에 대한 시민의 인식정도와 지역사회 무질서 정도는 경찰신뢰를 매개로 하여 경찰 협력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 시민이 경찰의 순찰활동에 대해 긍정적으로 평가할수록 경찰신뢰가 증가하고 이러한 신뢰는 경찰활동에 대한 시민의 협력으로 이어진다고 할 수 있다. 또한 지역사회의 무질서한 환경이 개선될수록 경찰에 대한 시민의 신뢰는 증가하고, 이는 경찰활동에 대한 시민의 협력으로 이어진다고 할 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 경찰신뢰가 완전매개효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 경찰활동의 절차적 공정성이 증가하게 되면 시민은 경찰을 신뢰하고, 이러한 경찰신뢰를 바탕으로 시민은 경찰에 협력하게 된다. 또한 절차적 공정성은 시민의 경찰 협력의사에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났기 때문에 부분매개효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

사법경찰관리의 내사와 검사의 지휘

강동욱(Kang Dong Wook) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2012 경찰학연구 Vol.12 No.2

Pre-investigation activities refer to activities that the judicial police and the public prosecutor confidentially perform to find out someone's criminal suspicion before they investigate about him as the suspect by criminal booking. They called as “an interim investigation case”, too. Pre-investigation activities are being used by the investigatory organizations as one of the effective methods for criminal investigation. Someone assert that pre-investigation activities can be included under the category of the investigation by expanding the concept of investigation. And the prosecution insist they have the right to direct pre-investigation activities by the police on ground for the Art. 196① of the Criminal Procedure Act. On the contrary to this, the police interpret pre-investigation activities is not the investigation, is the one of police operation based the Art. 3 of the Police Act and the Art. 2 of the Act on the Performance of Duties by Police Officers. So, they assert the prosecutor can't command pre-investigation activities by the police on the ground for the right to lead investigation based on the Criminal Procedure Act. The revised Criminal Procedure Act allowed the right to start investigation to the police by the Art. 196 ② of the Criminal Procedure Act. And there is no the legal ground to command the prosecutor pre-investigation activities by the police because they are not investigation. Therefore I assert that the police can do pre-investigation activities without a direction of the prosecutor. In fact, it is impossible the prosecutor command all of pre-investigation activities by the police. But I think we have to grant the ex post facto supervision of the prosecutor against pre-investigation activities by the police to prevent the abuse and misuse of them because pre-investigation activities is related to criminal investigation. Furthermore I assert to strengthen the self-control by the police in connection to pre-investigation activities.

경찰활동, 무질서와 범죄두려움의구조적 관계

이선범 원광대학교 경찰학연구소 2018 경찰학논총 Vol.13 No.1

The effectiveness of reducing fear of crime through police activities will be an important factor in establishing policing policies. Because of this importance, the study on the effectiveness of reducing the fear of crime through police activities has been conducted steadily. This study that has successive meanings of previous studies and demonstrated the mediating effect of disorder from relationship between police activities and fear of crime. The survey was conducted from sample of 243 people, resident of City of Ansan, Gyeong-gi Province, to accomplish the purpose of the study. Those data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using AMOS 18.0. The main results are as follows. This study demonstrated the mediating effect of disorder from relationship between police activities and fear of crime. Firstly, we tested whether police activities influenced disorder. The result was found that the police activities had negative effects on the social and physical disorders. Secondly, we also tested whether disorder influenced fear of crime. The result was found that the social disorder had positive effects on the fear of crime but physical disorder showed no effect. Thirdly, we tested whether police activities influenced fear of crime. It was identified that fear of crime was lower when citizen were more aware of police activities. Also, it was found that the social disorder had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between the police activities and the fear of crime. In this study, it was found that the police activities perceived by the citizens could reduce the fear of disorder and crime, and reduce the fear of crime by mediating social disorder. Thus, police activities were found to be important factors in crime fear and disorder reduction. 경찰활동을 통한 범죄두려움 감소의 효과성은 치안정책 수립 시 중요한 요소가 될 것이다. 이러한 중요성으로 인해 경찰활동을 통한 범죄두려움 감소효과성에 대한 연구는 꾸준히 수행되어 오고 있다. 본 연구는 앞서 수행되었던 선행연구의 연속적인 의미를 지니는 연구로 경찰활동과 범죄두려움의 관계, 이 두 변수사이에서 무질서의 매개효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 경기도 안산시 주민 243명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, 이렇게 수집된 자료는 AMOS 18.0을 사용하여 구조방정식모형을 통한 분석을 실시하였다. 주요한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경찰활동이 무질서에 영향을 미치는지 검증해 보았다. 그 결과 경찰활동은 사회적 무질서와 물리적 무질서 모두에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 둘째, 무질서가 범죄두려움에 영향을 미치는지 검증해 보았다. 그 결과 사회적 무질서는 범죄두려움에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있었지만, 물리적 무질서는 영향을 미치고 있지 않았다. 셋째, 경찰활동이 범죄두려움에 영향을 미치는지 검증해 보았다. 그 결과 경찰활동을 높게 인지한 시민일수록 범죄두려움이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 사회적 무질서는 경찰활동과 범죄두려움의 관계에 있어서 부분매개효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 시민들이 인지하는 경찰활동이 무질서와 범죄두려움을 감소시킬 수 있으며, 사회적 무질서를 매개하여 범죄두려움을 낮출 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이에, 경찰활동은 범죄두려움과 무질서 감소에 중요한 요인이라는 것을 발견하였다.

경찰 학교안전활동의 효과성 인식에 관한 연구

임창호 ( Chang Ho Lim ) 한국경찰학회 2014 한국경찰학회보 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of safe activities around school by police, and to suggest the methods for improving the effectiveness of safe activities around school by police. This study conducts the survey on 147 policemen taking part in the safe activities around school at Daejeon Provincial Police Agency. By factor analysis, the cooperation of education institute, the understanding of students·parents·neighborhood businessmen, the initiative of policemen and school police, and the appropriacy of practice are grouped as the independent variables. And the dependent variable is the effectiveness of safe activities around school by police. The results of this study demonstrate that the effectiveness of safe activities around school by police is affected statistically by the initiative of policemen·school police and the appropriacy of practice. Therefore, police department must make the effort for increasing the initiative of policemen·school police and enhancing the appropriacy of practice. To increase the effectiveness of safe activities around school by police, police department must make a accurate and thorough plan in implementing the safe activities around school by police, and enhance the responsibility of policemen·school police.

자치경찰제도 도입에 대한 시민태도 영향요인 분

김상호 경찰대학 치안정책연구소 2019 치안정책연구 Vol.33 No.3

This study analyzed the attitudes of citizens on the introduction of an autonomous police system and identified the main factors that influence the attitudes. Conceptualized as citizens’ positive or negative views on the autonomous police system, citizens’s attitudes toward the autonomous police system is expected to play a very important role in the overall policy process. After reviewing autonomous police system and attitude influencing factors through previous studies, questionnaires by telephone survey were collected and analyzed for 500 citizens living in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The major findings are as follows. First, citizens showed a lower than normal level of understanding(2.610) of autonomous police systems. However, they showed a higher than normal level of positive attitudes (3.160) toward the introduction of the autonomous police system. Second, citizens showed a slightly different attitude toward the introduction of autonomous police system according to gender, age, educational background, and income levels. This was understood to reflect the complex interest in the benefits and costs of the introduction. Third, the variables influencing the citizen attitudes of introducing the autonomous police system were identified as age, policy knowledge, the expectation of the outcomes of police activities (law-enforcement activities and citizen-focused activities). More specifically, the older and the more the policy knowledgeable, the more likely citizens would have a negative attitude toward autonomous police. On the other hand, as citizens expect more about the performance of police activities, the more positive the citizens would be in a attitude toward the autonomous police system. Based on these finding, the main strategies for the introduction and implementation of the autonomous police system and the future research directions were discussed. 이 연구에서는 자치경찰제도를 중심으로 그 도입에 대한 시민들의 태도를 분석하고 이에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인들을 식별해 보았다. 자치경찰제도에 대한 시민태도는 자치경찰제도에 대한 시민들의 긍·부정적 시각으로 자치경찰제도의 도입과 시행 등 정책과정 전반에 매우 중요한 역할을 담당할 것으로 예견할 수 있다. 선행연구들을 통해 자치경찰제도와 태도 영향요인들을 식별한 후 경상북도에 거주하는 시민 500명에 대한 전화설문자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시민들은 자치경찰제도에 대하여 보통(3.000)보다 낮은 이해수준(2.610)을 보였으나 도입(3.160)에 대하여는 보통보다 높은 긍정적 태도를 나타내었다. 둘째, 자치경찰제도 도입에 대하여 시민들은 성별, 연령, 학력, 소득 등에 따라 조금씩 차별적인 태도를 보였고 이는 도입에 따른 혜택과 비용부담 등에 대한 복잡한 이해관계가 반영된 것으로 이해되었다. 셋째, 자치경찰제도 도입 태도에 영향을 미치는 변인들은 연령, 지식, 법집행활동 기대성과, 그리고 민생치안활동 기대성과로 확인되었다. 보다 구체적으로 연령이 높을수록, 그리고 관련 지식이 많을수록 자치경찰제도에 대하여는 부정적인 태도가 높았다. 반면, 법집행활동 성과 및 민생치안활동 성과에 대한 기대는 그것이 높아질수록 자치경찰제도에 대한 긍정적인 태도를 예견할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 자치경찰제도 도입 및 추진 과정에서 필요한 주요 전략들, 그리고 후속 연구 방향 등에 대하여 살펴보았다.

자치경찰제 도입과 지역경찰 서비스 향상 방안

정덕영 한국범죄심리학회 2023 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.19 No.4

The Korean Police System had changed from the National Police System to the Decentralized Police System. Unlike other countries, the affairs are divided into national police affairs, investigation affairs, and autonomous affairs, and the status of police officer has not the local official but the national public official. A precedent study in Korea and foreign cases analyzed that police activities in community relations had a positive effect on at least community public order satisfaction and public order status resolution, and suggested a direction when current police activities were combined with community policing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest an efficient activation strategy of community policing by based on cases of community policing activities conducted in foreign countries. As a result of this study, the direction of the current decentralized police activities is obscured, and the reflection of regional characteristic is insufficient. In addition, enforcement of outward decentralized police activities and promotion of decentralized police activities is insufficient.

A Study on the Effects of Local Police's Perception of Crime Prevention Activities on Police Trust

Haengjun Lee J-INSTITUTE 2023 International Journal of Terrorism & National Secu Vol.8 No.-

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how the crime prevention activities of the autonomous police, centering on Suwon City, have an impact on police trust, and to suggest ways to secure the reliability of the autonomous police activities in the future. Method: In this study, 320 copies of the meaningful results obtained through the survey conducted on the citizens of Suwon were analyzed. For the analysis, the crime prevention activities of the autonomous police were set as an independent variable and trust in the police was set as a dependent variable. Results: As a result of analysis on the impact of crime prevention activities(patrol, crime prevention environment creation, order maintenance) of autonomous police on police trust, it was found that patrol and crime prevention environment creation had a significant effect, and order maintenance No significant effect was found. Conclusion: In order to actively prevent crime, it is necessary to support visible police activities, such as strengthening intensive patrols using foot patrols, motorcycles, and patrol cars, as well as supporting technical equipment for effective arrest. CCTV has a very useful value in that it can be used as an efficient means of arresting criminals by filling the public security vacuum caused by insufficient police manpower at the present time and converting data into a database. In addition, more practical equipment support should be provided by securing the police's own budget to expand the development and expansion of a customized work system tailored to the local situation and to strengthen cooperative public order such as autonomous security guards and child guards.

A Study on the Factors that Decrease the Reliability of the Korean Police in HUMAN Society

Dongsoo Park J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Human & Disaster Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: Due to the nature of police work, most of the work regulates or restricts the activities of the people, so it is not easy to seek cooperation from the people, and it is not easy to increase the reliability of the police despite the legitimate law enforcement activities. Despite this environment of police work, efforts to improve police reliability are needed. Method: ‘It is necessary to seriously consider the people variables, political variables, and legal variables that make the police s just activities impossible. We would like to find problems in the three variables and find ways to improve the reliability of the police in the legitimacy of police capacity building, police bureaucracy, and police activities. Results: We analyzed the factors that deteriorated the reliability of the Korean police and looked at ways to improve the reliability of police work. There are many difficult conditions to enhance public trust due to people variables, political variables, and legal variables in police affairs. Despite this environment of police work, efforts to improve police reliability are needed. Conclusion: The ways to restore public confidence in police work are as follows. In the process of police affairs, it shall be strictly followed by principles, and in the process, it is necessary to comply with the prescribed legal procedures. In addition, the top priority is not to lose trust in the people through fair handling of work and a friendly attitude.

다문화 치안활동이 공동체 의식에 미치는 영향: 부산 지역의 다문화 구성원을 중심으로

이병문,이효민 한국경찰학회 2014 한국경찰학회보 Vol.16 No.6

A variety of Multi-cultural policies has been provided by various fields, since Korean society entered into the Multi-cultural society. Korean police also have been implementing Multi-cultural activities. Multi-cultural police activities mean that police prevent crimes for Multi-cultural family and support effective settlement of them. It build friendship between police and Multi-cultural family and gives self-confidence. Finally, These activities promote communal spirit. This study practically reviewed that the experience on Multi-cultural police activities improve the communal spirit of Multi-cultural family. The result of this study adopted the first hypotheses that Multi-cultural police activities positively influence the formation of the communal spirit. The efficacy of Multi-cultural police activities were verified that they enhanced communal spirit with the original purpose. This study confirmed that the experience on Multi-cultural police activities positively influence sub-factors of communal spirit such as the formation of membership and attachment. It shows that the awareness of Multi-cultural family on the community membership will be increased, if Multi-cultural family experience various Multi-cultural police activities. These outcomes imply that Multi-cultural police activities are melting pot policy for Multi-cultural family to be the member of local community 다문화사회를 맞아 다양한 다문화정책이 마련되고 있다. 경찰에서도 다문화 치안활동을 실시하고 있다. 다문화 치안활동은 다문화 구성원을 대상으로 범죄예방과 실질적 사회정착을 지원하여 친밀감을 형성하고 자긍심을 부여하여 공동체 의식을 함양시키는 활동이다. 이 연구에서는 다문화 구성원의 다문화 치안활동 참여경험이 공동체 의식을 목적에 맞게 제고시키는지를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 다문화 치안활동이 공동체 의식에 정(+)적인 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설 Ⅰ은 채택되었다. 다문화 치안활동은 목적에 맞게 공동체 의식을 함양시키는 것으로 나타나 효과성이 실증적으로 검증되었다. 다문화 치안활동 참여경험이 공동체 의식의 하위요인인 귀속성과 애착성에서 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 다문화 치안활동을 다양하게 경험할수록 지역사회 구성원이라는 인식이 증가하고 지역사회에 대한 선호도와 자부심이 높아지는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 경찰의 다문화 정책인 다문화 치안활동이 지역사회에 동화를 지원하는 동화주의 정책인 것을 시사한다.

주요국 대테러활동에 대한 경찰의 정책적 대응 방안 고찰

이만종(Lee, Man-Jong) 한국테러학회 2015 한국테러학회보 Vol.8 No.1

경찰의 테러대응정책에 있어서 가장 중요한 것은 인권과 안전의 두 개의 가치를 얼마나 잘 조화 시키고 운영하여야 하는가의 문제이다. 즉, 일반적으로 경찰의 대테러활동을 위한 경찰권 발동은 테러유형의 다양성과 현장에서의 돌발성 때문에 일정 부분 경찰재량을 인정 할 수밖에 없다. 그러나 정도를 초과한 경찰권행사로 인한 국민의 자유와 권리 침해는 아무리 사회 공공의 안녕과 질서유지라는 경찰목적의 달성을 감안 한다 하더라도 쉽게 용인 될 수 없는 게 현실적 상황이다. 경찰이 대테러활동을 보다 효율적으로 수행하기 위해서는 일반적인 사법경찰에 의한 예방과 진압 그리고 수사를 하는 방법으로는 대응하기 어려운 특성상 한계가 있을 수밖에 없으며, 테러범죄는 일반범죄와는 달리 그 위험성의 수준이 상당히 추상적이며 구체적인 사실의 적시가 어렵기 때문에 절차적 · 방법적인 측면에서도 예외적인 특례가 적용되어져야 한다. 주요외국의 최근사례를 살펴보면 프랑스는 파리에서 발생한 테러를 계기로 경찰들의 무장을 강화시키고 있다. 파리 외곽에서 한 젊은 여경이 공격용 소총을 든 테러범의 총격을 받고 쓰러졌을 때 그의 동료는 무기가 없어 아무런 조치도 취하지 못했었다. 비무장 "보비(경찰)"의 전통을 자랑으로 삼는 영국에서도 무장 경찰 배치가 늘어나고 있다. 테러단이 경찰서를 공격하려 했던 벨기에는 경찰들이 다시 무기를 가지고 퇴근하도록 규정 하는 등 경찰권을 강화 하고 있다. 세계주요국이 앞 다투어 테러 대응을 위한 경찰권 강화에 노력하고 있는 것에 비해 우리나라는 대응이 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 즉, 테러상황이 예상되거나 발생 시 가장 우선 적으로 국민생활현장에서 치안활동을 담당하고 있는 경찰이 적극적이고 다양한 조치를 담당 하여야 함에도 불구하고 활동이 경찰의 대테러 정책적 방안과 관련법규가 미흡 한 것 은 경찰활동을 위축하고 제약 할 수밖에 없다. 따라서 우리경찰역시 주요선진국의 대테러활동 사례를 살펴보고 국민안전의 파수꾼으로서 경찰의 본연의 임무는 물론 대테러활동 등 국가안보를 위한 역할 확대를 위한 제도적, 정책적 방안을 강구할 필요가 있다. grant a,b*/ m is a matter of police operations and how should we blend the two values of human rights and safety. That is, in general, is police trigger for counter-terrorism activities of the police has no choice but to admit police discretion in part because of the variety and type of sudden terror of the scene. But about infringement of rights and liberties of the people is police due to events beyond the matter is peace and order to achieve a realistic situation, given the purpose of maintaining even the police can not be easily tolerated in society public. The police have no choice but such a way that the prevention and suppression and investigation by the general judicial police counter-terrorism activities in order to perform more efficiently is difficult to cope with the nature limits the level of general crime and terrorist crimes, unlike the risk quite abstract and concrete procedures is difficult because of the realistic and timely way, in terms of exceptional exemption is to be applied. Looking at the recent case of major foreign France is to strengthen the armed police in the wake of the attacks occurred in Paris. When a young policewoman from being shot outside Paris, is turned down all the terrorist assault rifle his colleagues do not have a weapon had not taken any action. Unarmed "Bobby (police)," a growing armed police deployment in the UK samneun proud tradition. Belgium, who tried to stage terrorist attacks and strengthened the police station is police regulations, such as police officers to go home with a weapon again. Thus, compared to a country trying to strengthen is police burst into the world's major front for the terrorist corresponding response is very unsatisfactory situation. In other words, is that the terrorist situation is in charge of the police activity in public life preferentially site during expected or occurring despite police actively and be responsible for a range of activities that a lack of counter-terrorism policy action plan and relevant laws and regulations of the police no choice but to atrophy and constrain police activity. So we police the police your duties as keepers of public safety to look at counter-terrorism activities, as well as the institutional practices of major industrial countries also for expanding role for counter-terrorism activities, including national security, it is necessary to find a political solution.