POWERTRAIN SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION FOR A HEAVY-DUTY HYBRID ELECTRIC BUS

B. SUH,A. FRANK,정연종,E. Y. LEE,Y. H. CHANG,S. B. HAN 한국자동차공학회 2011 International journal of automotive technology Vol.12 No.1

This research concerns the design of a powertrain system for a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and presents a new design paradigm for the plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB). The criteria and method for selecting and sizing powertrain components equipped in the plug-in HEB are presented. The plug-in HEB is designed to overcome the vulnerable limitations of driving range and performance of a purely electric vehicle (EV), and it is also designed to improve the fuel economy and exhaust emissions of conventional buses and conventional HEBs. Optimization of the control strategy for the complicated and interconnected propulsion system in the plug-in parallel HEB is one of the most significant factors for achieving higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions in the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In this research, the proposed control strategy was simulated to prove its validity using the ADVISOR (advanced vehicle simulator) analysis simulation tool.

Managing and Minimizing Cost of Energy in Virtual Power Plants in the Presence of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Demand Response Program

Hassan Barati,Farshid Ashir 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.2

Virtual power plants can be regarded as systems that have entered the network after restructure of power systems. In fact, these plants are a set of consumers capable of consuming and generating power. In response to widespread implementation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, further investigation of energy management in this type of power plants seems to be of great value. In effect, these vehicles are able to receive and inject power from/into the network. Hence, study of the effects of these vehicles on management of virtual power plants seems to be illuminative. In this paper, management of power consumption/generation in virtual power plants has been investigated in the presence of hybrid electric vehicles. The objective function of virtual power plants problem management is to minimize the overall costs including not only the costs of energy production in power generation units, fuels, and degradation of batteries of vehicles, but also the costs of purchasing electricity from the network. Furthermore, the constraints on the operational of plants, loads and hybrid vehicles, level of penalty for greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂ and NOx) produced by power plants and vehicles, and demand response to the immediate price of market have all been attended to in the present study. GAMS/Cplex software system and sample power system have been employed to pursue computer implementation and simulation.

Managing and Minimizing Cost of Energy in Virtual Power Plants in the Presence of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Demand Response Program

Barati, Hassan,Ashir, Farshid The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.2

Virtual power plants can be regarded as systems that have entered the network after restructure of power systems. In fact, these plants are a set of consumers capable of consuming and generating power. In response to widespread implementation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, further investigation of energy management in this type of power plants seems to be of great value. In effect, these vehicles are able to receive and inject power from/into the network. Hence, study of the effects of these vehicles on management of virtual power plants seems to be illuminative. In this paper, management of power consumption/generation in virtual power plants has been investigated in the presence of hybrid electric vehicles. The objective function of virtual power plants problem management is to minimize the overall costs including not only the costs of energy production in power generation units, fuels, and degradation of batteries of vehicles, but also the costs of purchasing electricity from the network. Furthermore, the constraints on the operational of plants, loads and hybrid vehicles, level of penalty for greenhouse gas emissions ($CO_2$ and $NO_x$) produced by power plants and vehicles, and demand response to the immediate price of market have all been attended to in the present study. GAMS/Cplex software system and sample power system have been employed to pursue computer implementation and simulation.

Development of a Unified Research Platform for Plug-In Hybrid Electrical Vehicle Integration Analysis Utilizing the Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Concept

Chris S. Edrington,Oleg Vodyakho,Brian A. Hacker 전력전자학회 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.4

This paper addresses the establishment of a kVA-range plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV) integration test platform and associated issues. Advancements in battery and power electronic technology, hybrid vehicles are becoming increasingly dependent on the electrical energy provided by the batteries. Minimal or no support by the internal combustion engine may result in the vehicle being occasionally unable to recharge the batteries during highly dynamic driving that occurs in urban areas. The inability to sustain its own energy source creates a situation where the vehicle must connect to the electrical grid in order to recharge its batteries. The effects of a large penetration of electric vehicles connected into the grid are still relatively unknown. This paper presents a novel methodology that will be utilized to study the effects of PHEV charging at the sub-transmission level. The proposed test platform utilizes the power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) concept in conjunction with high-fidelity PHEV energy system simulation models. The battery, in particular, is simulated utilizing a real-time digital simulator (RTDS™) which generates appropriate control commands to a power electronics-based voltage amplifier that interfaces via a LC-LC-type filter to a power grid. In addition, the PHEV impact is evaluated via another power electronic converter controlled through dSPACE™, a rapid control systems prototyping software.

Energy Management Strategy of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Thermal Characteristics

Song Dafeng,Bi Daokun,Zeng Xiaohua,Wang Shiyuan 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.3

In order to explore the influence of the thermal management system (TMS) on vehicle energy management and tap the energy saving potential of TMS, this study establishes a vehicle energy management strategy control model oriented to reduce energy consumption of the TMS based on MATLAB/Simulink for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with planetary hybrid configuration. Firstly, a simulation model of vehicle dynamic machine - electric - thermal coupling working process is introduced, to evaluate the impact of TMS in the high and low temperature environment on energy consumption of the vehicle running. Then, based on the equivalent fuel consumption minimum strategy (ECMS) and considering the influence of TMS on energy consumption, an adaptive equivalent consumption minimum strategy model considering thermal characteristics (TAECMS) is established, which propose an improved adaptive equivalent factor adjustment method considering the thermal characteristics of the system is proposed. By establishing the Hamiltonian function to achieve the goal of minimum equivalent fuel consumption, considering the temperature penalty, the power of the engine and the power of the battery is reasonably allocated. Finally, the TAECMS control strategy achieves fuel saving of 6.2 % and 8.4 % respectively in high and low temperature environments through simulation verification and comparison.

A Study on the Power Management Algorithm of Centralized Electric Vehicle Charging System

도반콴(Quan-Van Do),이성준(Seong-Joon Lee),이재덕(Jae-Duck Lee),배정효(Jeong- Hyo Bae) 대한전기학회 2011 전기학회논문지 Vol.60 No.3

As Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle and Electric Vehicle (PHEV/EV) take a greater share in the personal automobile market, their high penetration levels may bring potential challenges to electric utility especially at the distribution level. Thus, there is a need for the flexible charging management strategy to compromise the benefits of both PHEV/EV owners and power grid side. There are many different management methods that depend on the objective function and the constraints caused by the system. In this paper, the schema and dispatching schedule of centralized PHEV/EV charging spot network are analyzed. Also, we proposed and compared three power allocation strategies for centralized charging spot. The first strategy aims to maximize state of vehicles at plug-out time, the rest methods are equalized allocation and prioritized allocation based on vehicles SoC. The simulation results show that each run of the optimized algorithms can produce the satisfactory solutions to response properly the requirement from PHEV/EV customers.

병렬형 플러그인 하이브리드 차량의 최적 제어 전략

김원기(Wonki Kim),이성화(Shunghwa Lee),이형철(Hyeongcheol Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2014 No.11

Due to problems of air pollution, fuel consumption regulations of the automotive industry are continuously enhanced. Environmentally friendly vehicles has been released for correspondence such regulations and plug-in hybrid cars are also in the limelight in that. Unlike the existing hybrid vehicle, the control method of the plug-in hybrid vehicle is different, because the distance that can be driven only by the motor increases now. In this paper, we discuss about the methods of control of the blended-mode plug-in hybrid vehicle and are applied to the target vehicle, which is one of optimal control ECMS control strategy. As a result, we propose a control strategy which display the improved fuel economy as compared with the conventional control method.

Optimal Policy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Charging Station Scheduling Problem

Do Tuan Khanh,Feng Gao,Tran Son Ninh 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.11

Advances in the development of electric vehicles along with policy incentives will see a wider uptake of this technology in the transport sector in the coming years. However, the widespread adoption of electric vehicles will add a substantial energy load to power grids. As a result, many technical problems related to the impact of this technology on the power grid need to be addressed, especially the management and allocation of the energy to the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), electric vehicles (PEVs). In this paper, we formulated the optimal power allocation to PHEVs/PEVs for the PHEVs/PEVs charging stations scheduling problem as a nonlinear resource allocation continuous problem. We used pegging algorithm to solve the optimal power allocation to the PHEVs/PEVs. A mathematical framework for the objective function (i.e., minimizing the average depth of discharge (DoD) at the next time step) was also given. The authors characterized the performance of optimal power allocation to PHEVs/PEVs problem and pegging algorithm using MATLAB simulation, and compared it with other charging methods.

The Conversion of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle into a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Woo, Gordon M.S.,Mak, Chai Ming,Cheng, Chi Yan,Li, Jie The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2012 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.2 No.2

Towards low carbon living and clean air quality is CLP Power Hong Kong Ltd. (CLP)'s energy vision and to achieve this goal, the promotion of a cleaner mode of transportation in Hong Kong has been one of CLP's key green initiatives. Recently, CLP has successfully converted a few Toyota Prius hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) into plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). Different from the HEV, a PHEV allows the driver to plug into a socket to connect the vehicle to the electrical grid to charge its larger battery pack that replaced the original smaller one. The objective of the conversion exercise is to test the capability and gauge the benefits of the converted PHEV to run on electricity as much as possible, whilst keeping the capability to switch back to conventional combustion engine if required for longer trips. This paper addresses the conversion technical details and shares the operation experience of employing a PHEV in the corporate fleet as well as discusses the underlying business assessment of such exercise. The benefits achieved with the PHEV in terms of reduced emissions and fuel cost savings are also reviewed.

플러그인 하이브리드 차량의 모드변환에 따른 엔진클러치 접합 제어알고리즘 연구

심규현(Kyuhyun Sim),이수지(Suji Lee),남궁철(Choul Namkoong),이지석(Ji-Suk Lee),한관수(Kwan-Soo Han),황성호(Sung-Ho Hwang) 대한기계학회 2016 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.40 No.9

플러그인 하이브리드 전기자동차는 내연기관과 전기모터를 동력원으로 사용하며 주행 상황에 따라 다양한 주행 모드을 갖는다. 주행 모드에는 전기모터로만 주행하는 EV 모드(전기주행), 내연기관으로 주행하는 엔진 운전 모드, 두 개의 동력원을 이용하는 HEV 모드(하이브리드 주행)가 있다. 특히 병렬형 구조를 갖는 하이브리드 전기자동차는 모드변환에 따라 엔진 클러지가 접합되거나 해제되는데, 클러치 접합 시 나타나는 충격은 차량의 승차감에 영향을 주기 때문에 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 플러그인 하이브리드 전기자동차의 성능 시뮬레이터를 MATLAB/Simulink를 이용하여 개발하고, 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 엔진 클러치 접합 시 나타나는 충격 특성을 분석하였다. In this paper, engine clutch engagement shock is analyzed during the mode change of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Multi-driving mode includes the EV (electric vehicle) mode, HEV (hybrid electric vehicle) mode, and engine operating mode. Depending on the mode change, the engine clutch is either engaged or disengaged. The magnitude of shock during clutch engagement is very important because it impacts vehicle acceleration and clutch synchronization speed, which affects ride comfort substantially. The performance simulator of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles was developed using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that the mode change control algorithm is necessary for minimizing shock during clutch engagement.