한강 하천제방 호안공법에 따른 식생분포 특성 연구

김원식 ( Won Sik Kim ),곽정인 ( Jeong In Kwak ),이경재 ( Kyong Jae Lee ),한봉호 ( Bong Ho Han ) 한국환경생태학회 2011 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.25 No.1

본 연구는 강동구 가래여울마을 한강제방을 대상으로 호안공법에 따른 자연적인 식생유입 현황을 분석하여 생태적인 측면을 고려한 제방 호안 식생유도를 목적으로 수행하였다. 제방 호안공법별 식생 분포 특성을 분석한 결과 장대블록에는 귀화초본이 70.7%로 우점하였고 잔디블록에는 자생초본군락이 48.5%, 방틀블록은 자생초본군락 55.7%로 자생초본군락 면적은 방틀블록에서 가장 넓었다. 제방 호안공법별 식생피도는 장대블록이 평균 27.9%로 가장 낮았고 잔디블록(평균 95.3%), 방틀블록(평균 97.5%)순으로 높았다. 식생기반면적에서는 장대블록이 가장 협소하였으며 방틀블록이 가장 넓었다. 식물군집구조에서 장대블록은 건조초본 및 덩굴성초본이 주로 우점하였고 식생피도도 낮았으며 잔디블록은 다양한 종이 소규모군락을 형성하였다. 방틀블록은 식생기반 면적이 가장 넓어 다년생 초본인 물억새, 큰김의털, 미국쑥부쟁이 등이 넓은 면적의 군락을 형성하였다. 호안공법별 평균 건물중은 장대블록은 6.75g/㎡, 잔디블록은 137.65g/㎡, 방틀블록은 187.63g/㎡으로 방틀블록 식물 건물중이 가장 많았다. 토양특성에서 토양 수분함량은 방틀블록 16.3%, 잔디블록 15.2%인 반면 장대블록은 4.7%로 토양이 매우 건조하였다. 토양 이화학적 특성 분석결과 토성, 토양산도(pH), 치환성 양이온 함량은 호안공법별로 큰 차이가 없었으며 토양유기물 함량(OM)과 유효인산(Available P2O5)은 장대블록에서 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. 따라서 향후 하천제방 호안녹화의 경우 제방의 안전을 고려하여 가능한 식생기반 면적을 넓혀주어 자연적인 식생 유입이 가능하도록 제방 호안공법 적용이 필요하였다. This study has analyzed the vegetation composition in the areas using different slope revetment techniques of riverbanks, in a way to improve the vegetation induction in the future considering the ecological aspects of the induction in Garaeyoul Village, Gangdong-gu, Seoul. The result of the vegetation distribution in each different slope revetment technique was analyzed, that the naturalized herb was dominant in the pole block accounting for 70.7%, while native herb was dominant in the lawn block occupying 48.5% and in the crib block occupying 55.7%. The vegetation coverage measured by different slope revetment techniques was highest in the crib block(average 97.5%), followed by the lawn block(average 95.3%) and pole block(average 27.9%). The vegetation base area was the most wide in the crib block and the most narrowest in the pole block. The result of community analysis in areas using different slope revetment techniques, dry herbs and vine herbs were dominated and the coverage was very poor in the pole block. In the lawn block, the barb was fragmented into narrow areas due to the blocks, which prevented the creation of large-scale plant communities. In the crib block, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Fescue arundinacea and Aster pilosus, which also consisted of large-scale communities. Average dry weight was also measured by each slope revetment technique. The weight was heaviest in the crib block with 187.63g/㎡, followed by the lawn block(137.65g/㎡) and pole block(6.75g/㎡). The soil moisture contents in the crib block and lawn block was 16.3% and 15.2%, respectively, while that of the pole block was 4.7%, which revealed the highly dry condition of the pole block soil. The analysis result of soil chemical property showed that there was little difference in soil texture, soile acidity(pH), and exchangeable ion content, however, the soil organic matter(OM) content and available P2O5 were highest in the pole block. In the future, in order to induce more vegetation into river banks and walls, a proper construction method should be applied so that the vegetation area can be expanded as much as possible, considering the safety of the banks.

결합재량에 따른 포러스 폴리머 콘크리트의 공극률과 강도 및 식생 블록 내 초기 생장 특성

성찬용,김영익,Sung, Chan-Yong,Kim, Young-Ik 한국농공학회 2010 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.52 No.6

This study was performed to evaluate the void ratio and strength of porous polymer concrete used coarse aggregates and unsaturated polyester resin to find optimum mix design of porous polymer concrete for planting block. Also, this study was performed to evaluate the planting properties of herbaceous plant and cool-season grass in porous polymer blocks based on the experimental results of porous polymer concrete to develop environmentally friendly planting blocks. Tests for the void ratio and compressive strength of porous polymer concrete were performed at the curing age 7 days. Also, kinds of plants such as Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass, Lespedeza and Alfalfa for planting were applied to porous polymer blocks. Within 6 weeks after seed, initial germination ratio, cover view and growth length for planting blocks were estimated by various methods.

바이오 복합 식생블록의 수질정화 특성 연구

김영익,연규석,최중대,김기성,서지연,김용성,Kim, Young-Ik,Yeon, Kyu-Seok,Choi, Joong-Dae,Kim, Ki-Sung,Seo, Ji-Yeon,Kim, Yong-Seong 한국농공학회 2011 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.53 No.2

This study was performed to evaluate the water purification properties of bio-composites planting blocks using oyster shell and effective microorganism that have high absorption ability of heavy metals and organics to develop environmentally friendly river embankment technique contained various factors such as oyster shells, effective microorganism, porous concrete and planting embankment block. To maximize greening effect, the seeds were arbitrarily sown. In addition, in order to analyze the effect of water quality purification after the planting, the samples were collected from each designated zone 1, 7 and 30 days after steeping in water. Then, the samples were analyzed in terms of seven test items such as SS, BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, pH, etc. on the basis of the test method for water pollution. The following conclusions were reached from the test result. As a result of analysis for water quality purification for the concrete block containing the effective microorganism, it was found that the values for SS, BOD, T-N and T-P for the sample taken after 30 days were lower than the initial values, which indicated that the water purification effect had been created. The result of the water quality purification analysis for the concrete block containing oyster shell showed that the values for SS, BOD, COD and T-P for the sample taken after 30 days were lower than the initial values which also indicated that it had been effective in water quality purification.

볏짚재를 활용한 식생콘크리트 블록 개발 및 사면 적용성에 관한 실험적 연구

성찬용 ( Sung Chan Yong ),김영익 ( Kim Young Ik ) 한국농공학회 2003 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.45 No.4

This study was performed to develop the plantable concrete block using rice straw ash and apply for inclined plane. For the planting, plantable concrete block needs infiltration of water and air through void of block. The materials used for plantable concrete block are cement, rice straw ash, and coarse aggregate (5-10, 10-20 mm). Plantable block size is 23 ×23 ×4 cm, and species of planting are Tall fescue, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata. At the 6 months after seeding, germination ratio and grown-up length of Tall fescue, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata are shown in 90%, 60%, 50%, and 40~50 cm, 90~120 cm, 60~75 cm, respectively.

폐석재와 석분을 사용한 식생블럭 제품 개발

성찬용,류능환,연규석,윤준노,김영익,남기성,노경희,박일순 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2002 석재연 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구는 폐석재와 석분을 사용하여 친환경적인 식생블럭 제품을 개발하기 위하여 폐석재의 입경과 석분의 첨가량을 각각 3종류씩 총 9종류의 식생블럭에 대하여 단위중량, 공극율, 투수량, 압축강도, 쪼갬인장강도, 휨강도, 내산성, 알카리농도에 대하여 구명하였다. 단위중량, 강도, 내산성은 골재의 입경이 작을수록 석분의 혼입량이 많을수록 크게 나타났으며, 공극율과 투수량은 작게 나타났다. 강도는 중성화 처리 유무에 따라 4∼5% 정도의 미소한 차이가 나타났다. 알카리 농도는 중성화 약품처리, 수중용출, 야외폭로 순으로 효과가 크게 나타났으며, 이는 식생블럭의 중성화 방법 선택에 매우 중요한 내용이라 할 수 있다. 또한, 식생상태는 공극율과 골재의 입경이 큰 식생블럭이 생육에 유리한 것으로 나타났다. This study was performed to develop the environment-friendly plantable block and to evaluate unit weight, void ratio, permeability, strength, acid-resistance and value of pH by the change of the grading of waste stone and the addition amount of stone dust. The unit weight, strength, acid-resistance is increased with small size of waste stone with increase of the addition amount of stone dust. But, the void ratio and permeability is decreased. The strength of neutral plantable block is decreased approximately 4-5% than that of the normal plantable block. The decreased effect of pH increased in order to neutral treatment, underwater leaching and field exposure. It is very important contents in neutral method selection of plantable block. Also, the planting state is grown rapidly with increase of the void ratio and of the waste stone size, approximately.

재생굵은골재를 사용한 다공성 폴리머 블록의 식생 특성

성찬용(Chan-Yong Sung),김영익(Young-Ik Kim) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2010 농업과학연구 Vol.37 No.1

This study was performed to evaluate the planting properties of herbaceous plant and cool-season grass in porous polymer blocks that were manufactured by using recycled coarse aggregates and unsaturated polyester resin to develop environmentally friendly planting blocks. Unsaturated polyester resin, natural and recycled coarse aggregates and CaCO₃ were used. The mix proportions were determined to satisfy the requirement for the workability and slump according to aggregate sizes(5-10 and 5-20㎜). Tests for the void ratio and compressive strength of porous polymer concrete were performed at curing age 7 days. Also, porous polymer block using recycled coarse aggregates were applied to kinds of plants such as tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass, Lesedeza and Alfalfa. After seed, initial germination, germination ratio, cover view and growth length for planting blocks were estimated by various methods.

플랜트 O&M을 위한 블록체인 기반 IoT Edge 장치의 적용에 관한 탐색적 연구

류양선,박창우,임용택,Ryu, Yangsun,Park, Changwoo,Lim, Yongtaek 한국시스템엔지니어링학회 2019 시스템엔지니어링학술지 Vol.15 No.1

Receiving great attention of IoT and 4th industrial revolution, the necessity comes to the fore of the plant system which aims making it smart and effective. Smart Factory is the key realm of IoT to apply with the concept to optimize the entire process and it presents a new and flexible production paradigm based on the collected data from numerous sensors installed in a plant. Especially, the wireless sensor network technology is receiving attention as the key technology of Smart Factory, researches to interface those technology is actively in progress. In addition, IoT devices for plant industry security and high reliable network protocols are under development to cope with high-risk plant facilities. In the meanwhile, Blockchain can support high security and reliability because of the hash and hash algorithm in its core structure and transaction as well as the shared ledger among all nodes and immutability of data. With the reason, this research presents Blockchain as a method to preserve security and reliability of the wireless communication technology. In regard to that, it establishes some of key concepts of the possibility on the blockchain based IoT Edge devices for Plant O&M (Operations and Maintenance), and fulfills performance verification with test devices to present key indicator data such as transaction elapsed time and CPU consumption rate.

Fault detection and identification using a Kullback-Leibler divergence based multi-block principal component analysis and bayesian inference

Bei Wang,Xuefeng Yan,Qingchao Jiang 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.6

Considering the huge number of variables in plant-wide process monitoring and complex relationships(linear, nonlinear, partial correlation, or independence) among these variables, multivariate statistical process monitoring(MSPM) performance may be deteriorated especially by the independent variables. Meanwhile, whether related variableskeep high concordance during the variation process is still a question. Under this circumstance, a multi-block technologybased on mathematical statistics method, Kullback-Leibler Divergence, is proposed to put the variables having similarstatistical characteristics into the same block, and then build principal component analysis (PCA) models in each lowdimensionalsubspace. Bayesian inference is also employed to combine the monitoring results from each sub-blockinto the final monitoring statistics. Additionally, a novel fault diagnosis approach is developed for fault identification. The superiority of the proposed method is demonstrated by applications on a simple simulated multivariate processand the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process.

Zone heating method for the efficient use of energy in painting process for ship blocks and plant structures

강희찬,정동수 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2017 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.41 No.10

This paper proposes a method of air conditioning in workspaces, which increases productivity and reduces the cost involved in the painting process of ship blocks and plant parts. The costs of electricity, LNG, LPG, diesel, and kerosene as energy sources for the process are compared. A zone heating method for heating the painting target is suggested instead of the conventional method of heating the entire plant. In providing the required painting conditions during summer, heating saves more in terms of energy and system costs, when compared to dehumidifying. An impinging jet is recommended for drying the painted surface to save time and energy. For the efficient use of thermal energy, a low air velocity and small-diameter for the jet are required. The optimum diameter of the jet and the distance between the target surface and jet are about 30 cm and 2.3 m, respectively.

Zone heating method for the efficient use of energy in painting process for ship blocks and plant structures

Kang, Hie Chan,Jung, Dong Su Korean Society of Marine Engineers 2017 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.41 No.10

This paper proposes a method of air conditioning in workspaces, which increases productivity and reduces the cost involved in the painting process of ship blocks and plant parts. The costs of electricity, LNG, LPG, diesel, and kerosene as energy sources for the process are compared. A zone heating method for heating the painting target is suggested instead of the conventional method of heating the entire plant. In providing the required painting conditions during summer, heating saves more in terms of energy and system costs, when compared to dehumidifying. An impinging jet is recommended for drying the painted surface to save time and energy. For the efficient use of thermal energy, a low air velocity and small-diameter for the jet are required. The optimum diameter of the jet and the distance between the target surface and jet are about 30 cm and 2.3 m, respectively.