대학캠퍼스 내에서의 퍼스널 모빌리티 이용에 대한 사용자 인식 조사

양인범 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.6

Personal mobility provides first-mile and last-mile mobilities and plays an important role in the daily short-distance movement of individuals. However, despite high expectations for the social functions and alternative roles of personal mobility, the growth of personal mobility has been limited due to several factors, such as the lack of social consensus and the infrastructure needed for personal mobility. Therefore, it is important to explore a plan to promote the dissemination of personal mobility for the future cities, and a study on the activation plan for personal mobility in a specific area, such as a university campus, is required first. So, a survey responded by college students was conducted to investigate user awareness of personal mobility. The survey results on the general user awareness of personal mobility and the user awareness of the use within the university were analyzed, and a cross-analysis was performed. Notably, the understanding of personal mobility was generally low, but the demand for the introduction and activation of personal mobility within the university was high among the respondents. In addition, the preference for the means of transportation under personal mobility was high for manpower mobility and electric scooter, while the preference for an electric bicycle was relatively low. In addition, the cross-analysis showed that user experience affected the detailed response patterns. In effect, this study is expected to be used in various related research fields, such as proposing ways to activate personal mobility, reforming legal systems to incorporate personal mobility into them, and urban personal mobility design. 퍼스널 모빌리티는 퍼스트 마일과 라스트 마일 개념의 이동성을 제공하며 동시에 개인의 일상 단거리 이동에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 이러한 사회경제적 기능과 대안 역할에 대한 높은 기대에도 불구하고, 법제도 등 사회적 합의와 지원 인프라 부족 등 여러 요인으로 인하여 제한적인 성장에 머물고 있다. 따라서, 미래 메가시티를 위한 퍼스널 모빌리티의 보급 활성화 방안을 탐색하는 것은 중요한 의미가 있으며 특히, 대학캠퍼스와 같은 특정 구역에서의 활성화 방안 연구가 우선 필요하다. 이러한 탐색의 선행 연구로써 전국 대학생을 표본으로 설문조사를 실시하여 퍼스널 모빌리티에 대한 사용자 인식 조사를 수행하였다. 퍼스널 모빌리티에 대한 일반적인 인식 조사와 대학캠퍼스 내에서의 이용에 대한 인식 조사 결과를 분석하고 항목 간 교차 분석을 수행하였다. 응답자들의 퍼스널 모빌리티에 대한 이해도는 전반적으로 낮았으나, 대학캠퍼스 내에서의 퍼스널 모빌리티 도입 및 활성화 요구는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이동 수단에 대한 선호는 인력 이동과 전동킥보드가 높았고, 전기자전거에 대한 선호도는 낮았다. 항목 간 교차 분석을 통하여 사용자 경험이 세부 응답 패턴에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 인식 조사 결과는 향후 퍼스널 모빌리티 활성화 방안 제시, 법제도 정비 및 도시형 퍼스널 모빌리티 디자인 연구 등 다양한 영역에서 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

컨조인트 분석을 이용한 공유형 개인 이동장치 주차장 선호도 분석

박유섭,오흥운 한국도로학회 2023 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.25 No.6

PURPOSES : This study is to analyze preference of shared personal mobility(shared e-scooter or shared bike) parking lot. The detailed purposes are as follows. Firstly, the attributes and attribute levels of shared personal mobility are developed. Based on combined attributes and attribute levels several profiles were composed. Preference data of shared personal mobility parking lot is collected through survey. Preference of shared personal mobility parking lot was analyzed using conjoint analysis. METHODS : Based on the literature review, the attributes and attribute levels that might affect behavior or intention of shared personal mobility parking were developed. Several profiles that contain combined attributes and attribute levels were created in a fractional factorial design. In order to collect preference data of shared personal mobility parking lot, online survey were proceeded. The survey participants were asked to mark preference point between point 1 and point 10. Lastly, preference of shared personal mobility parking lot was analyzed using conjoint analysis. RESULTS : Based on literature review, 5 attributes for conjoint analysis were set.(Distance between shared personal mobility parking lot and destination, Space for shared personal mobility parking lot, Location of shared personal mobility parking lot, Type of shared personal mobility parking lot, Interval of shared personal mobility parking lot). With the combination of 5 attributes and their levels, 16 random profiles were made. Online survey was proceeded with 300 participants who have used shared personal mobility. Using conjoint analysis utility and importance of each attribute has been calculated. As a result, the preference got higher when distance between parking lot and destination and intervals of parking lots are short. In addition racks are tended to be preferred and it seems to be more profer to install parking lot on buffer zone of pedestrian road instead of adjacent to private building. CONCLUSIONS : It could be important to install personal mobility parking lot considering preference of parking lot attributes in order to encourage users to use the proper parking lot instead of parking anywhere.

개인형 이동수단의 자전거도로 사용을 위한 도로환경디자인에 관한 연구

김승호 ( Kim Seungho ),김수홍 ( Kim Soohong ),김주연 ( Kim Jooyun ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.3

(Background and Purpose) Recently, as the personal Mobility solves the automobile-centered transportation problem, the number of users continues to increase due to the advantage of sustainable transportation. In terms of demand, it is expected to exceed 200,000 in 2022 from approximately 3,500 units in 2014. However, since legal regulations related to personal mobility methods available roads and safety standards are not yet established, various safety accidents are occurring while users use them on roads as well as on pedestrian passage. In accordance with these social problems, this study intends to present an institutional and physical composition plan for road environment design for the safe use of personal transportation. (Method) Therefore, this study first looked at the concept, characteristics, and usage status of personal mobility, and laid the foundation for research through analysis of advanced cases. The scope of personal mobility was targeted at low / medium speed single-person transportation equipment, and the institutional and physical use environment were set as the scope of the study. As a research method, first, the institutional status related to personal transportation in Korea and the major environmental factors of bicycle roads with high potential for future use were grasped. Afterwards, through the case study of advanced cases, the driving space and usage rules were examined in the institutional aspect, and in the physical aspect, elements that could be introduced into the Korea were derived by analyzing the current status of the main facility elements. (Results) As a result of this study, the direction of designing a road environment design for the safe use of personal mobility in Korea was proposed. First of all, in order to establish a related law that allowspersonal mobility to use the bicycle road, the types of target devices, allowable size, user qualification requirements, and essential safety devices were proposed. In addition, in the direction of establishing the physical environment, it proposed the extension of the standard width of the current bicycle road and changes in safety signs through the development of visual elements for personal mobility. (Conclusions) Recently, the new personal mobility means, which is rapidly increasing, has unlimited possibilities as a next-generation eco-friendly transportation method. However, users are witnessing rapidly every year, but there are no related laws, causing confusion and various safety accidents to users. For this, the establishment of institutional infrastructure and the improvement of physical factors, etc., must be carried out for the use of personal transportation on bicycle roads. Based on the suggestions of this study, continuous research on the design guidelines for bicycle roads considering the user's behavior should be conducted to revise the laws related to personal transportation and to prepare detailed regulatory guidelines and to establish a wide range of revitalization methods and infrastructure.

V2X Interactive Lighting and Warning UI Design to Prevent Personal Mobility-Vehicle Collision Accident

Jeong Hyun Seok(석정현),Chae Yeon Lee(이채연),Jun Young Park(박준영),Jong Hoon Yang(양종훈),Da Young Ju(주다영) 대한인간공학회 2021 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Objective: The aim of study is to prevent collision accidents between personal mobility and vehicle. This study suggests a new infrastructure called V2X interactive lighting and warning UI system. Background: The lack of securing visibility, which occurred by a blind spot in both features of the vehicle pillar and outside geography, is a pain point of vehicle drivers. Personal mobility drivers keep high-speed riding without the perception of hazardous areas, and this is the significant reason to lead a collision accident. Therefore, measures are required to prevent personal mobility-vehicle accidents by securing visibility and inducing speed reduction. Method: This study distinguishes the types of blind spots through case analysis of collision accidents between personal mobility and vehicle. It proposes the V2X system as the intelligent road infrastructure, which directly transmits and receives significant traffic or road information beyond the vehicle drivers’ visibility. This paper decides to adopt the C-V2X system with lots of advantages by acknowledging the status of being established by policy implementation. To define a warning UI system, this study specifies navigation warning UI guidelines through the previous research case. Ultimately, this paper selects the left turn situation at the intersection, representing the type of the highest dangerous areas, to further deducing storyboards and UI scenarios. Results: The V2X interactive lighting system collects personal mobility drivers’ location data and emits light sequentially when approaching unpredictable areas. When it lights, the warning UI provides pop-up messages and voice guidance according to three steps of warning flow. Specifically, this study determines the timing of emitting LED studs by calculating the average recognition time according to the riding speed of the personal mobility drivers. The system increases vehicle drivers’ awareness of the high-risk areas and induces personal mobility drivers’ deceleration. It is the reason that why this study mentions the term of interaction. Interactive lighting, which induces preemptive consideration for each driver, possesses comprehensive visibility by illuminating the road and takes responsibility for our safety. These lights are also a bridge, in other words, which helps interaction between vehicle and personal mobility that has been insufficient so far. Conclusion: Expanding visibility improves the quality of safe driving for both drivers. The proposed systems, which are V2X interactive lighting and warning UI, solve the persistent collision accident between personal mobility and vehicle. In conclusion, it has the potential to increase the value of personal mobility as a means of upcoming transportation. Application: The proposed system in this paper effectively prevents accidents by being placed at intersections identified as representative hazardous areas.

초소형 개인교통수단(Personal Mobility)의 확산이 2차선 연속류 교통체계에 미치는 거시적 영향 분석

임이정,황기연,이성렬 한국교통연구원 2015 交通硏究 Vol.22 No.3

This study aims to discover the validity and the effects of personal mobility when implemented in a real traffic condition. A personal mobility vehicle is a smaller and lighter vehicle and is also an electrically powered vehicle. Many automobile companies are conducting research on personal mobility which led to the vehicles Hiriko and Twizy. However, there appear to be no studies examining when personal mobility is introduced in real traffic conditions. The aim of this study is to test the validity and the effects of introducing personal mobility. First, it defines personal mobility with explanation of its characteristic according to agent-based modeling. Next, this study attempts to relieve traffic congestion with personal mobility using the agent-based modeling simulation tool NetLogo. According to the results of the simulation, regardless of the density, the more personal mobility vehicles that are run, a higher average travel speed is accomplished. Furthermore, it shows that the shorter the recognition response times, the higher the increase of average travel speed. Therefore, the results indicate that personal mobility can relieve traffic congestion. 본 연구는 최근 새로운 이동수단으로써 제안된 Personal Mobility(PM)가 도로 상황에 도입되었을 때를 가정하여, 운행에 따른 효과와 도입의 타당성 검증을 목적으로 실시되었다. PM은 기존 차량 과 비교하였을 때 초소형·초경량의 차량이며 전기 동력을 기반으로 한 신개념 자동차이다. 각국의 자동차 회사들에서는 PM에 대한 연구를 진행하고 있으며 Hiriko, Twizy와 같은 실제 차량이 구현되어 시범운행을 마치고 운행되고 있다. 그러나 PM의 도입에 따른 교통부문의 세부적인 연구가 부족한 실정이며 실제 도입 시의 개선의 정도를 확인하기 위한 연구가 뒷받침 되어야 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 우선적으로 PM에 대해 정의하였으며 ABM을 바탕으로 하여 차량의 속성을 설정하였다. 이후 시뮬레이션 환경을 구축하여 PM의 도입에 따른 교통 개선 효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 혼잡 밀도에 상관없이 PM의 수가 증가할수록 전체적인 평균통행속도가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 센서의 반응시간이 짧을수록 효과가 더 큰 것으로 분석되었으며, 이에 따라 PM이 도로 상황 개선에 기여할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

개인형 이동장치의 교통안전 개선 방안

전대양 한국범죄심리학회 2020 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.16 No.4

This is a study on the countermeasure of the traffic safety improvement for the personal mobility. The personal mobility by driven electric power which is used moving device for one person is growing spread and utilization. It is natural to delay that the law confront to the new technology and equipment. Not the legal device opposite to the new technology by head start but the law enact by public opinion to need confrontation. From the revised Road Traffic Law in May, 2020, the personal mobility can use the bicycle road like bicycle and over 13 years old can ride the personal mobility without driving license. The revised Road Traffic Law will enforce after 10, December, 2020. The revised Road Traffic Law can be gotten the criticism to high possibility of traffic accident, it is focused the easy of the personal mobility than the safety of the pedestrian. The criticism of the revised Road Traffic Law in May, 2020 caused to rerevised in December, 2020. By increasing spread and utilization of the personal mobility having merit of easy and economical efficiency, the traffic accident by personal mobility is growing, it is necessary to establish safety countermeasure among the car driver, personal mobility users, bicycle users and pedestrian. 개인형 이동장치의 보급과 이용이 급격하게 늘어나고 있다. 새로운 이동장치의 보급 확대로 인한 문제점들이 속속 드러나고 있는 실정이다. ‘도로교통법’이 2020년 5월 개정되면서 이 장치들은 자전거와 같이 자전거 전용도로를 이용할 수 있고, 13세 이상이면 운전면허 없이도 운행할 수 되었다. 개정된 도로교통법은 2020년 12월 10일부터 시행되었다. 개인형 이동장치에 대한 사고가 증가하면서 개정된 도로교통법은 안전보다 편의성을 우선적으로 고려함으로써 교통사고 가능성을 더 높였다는 비판을 피할 수 없게 되었다. 이에 도로교통법이 2020년 12월 9일 재개정되었다. 그 골자는 만 16세 이상 원동기장치자전거면허소지자 이상이 운행할 수 있고, 2인 이상의 탑승금지와 인명 보호장구 미착용자의 처벌 등이다. 이에 본고는 개인형 이동장치의 교통안전 개선방안을 제시할 목적으로 이 장치 이용에 따른 교통사고 현황과 문제점을 살펴보고 이에 대한 교통안전 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 사고 현황과 그 특징으로부터 도로이용의 적정성, 이용자 문화, 무면허, 미등록, 교통경찰의 역할미흡 등의 문제점을 도출하였다. 이에 대한 개선방안으로 외국의 입법과 규제사례들, 우리나라의 법규 및 도로 상황 및 이용자 현실을 고려하여 위의 문제점들에 대한 개선방안을 제시하였다.

Personal Mobility 활성화 방안에 관한 연구

김혜원(Kim, Hye Won),김명수(Kim, Myung Soo) 대한교통학회 2018 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.78 No.-

이 연구는 Personal Mobility 활성화 방안에 대하여 다루고 있으며 주로 이용하는 관광지를 대상으로 현장조사 및 설문조사를 통해 조사한 데이터를 분석하여 문제점을 도출하였다. 또한 Personal Mobility의 활성화를 위하여 관련 선행연구 고찰을 통해서 각각의 개념 및 특성을 정의하고 구성요소를 도출하였고, 이를 바탕으로 해외 Personal Mobility 운영 사례를 조사하고 개선방안을 종합하여 국내에서도 Personal Mobility가 활성화 될 수 있도록 그 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 결과적으로 국내 환경에 맞는 Personal Mobility의 이용환경 정비방안을 모색하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 국내 Personal Mobility의 이용 실태를 조사하여, 현황을 파악하고 Personal Mobility를 이용하기에 있어 쾌적한 환경을 조성하기 위한 개선방안을 제시하고, 국내에서도 활성화 될 수 있는 방안을 찾는데 의의가 있다.

일본 모빌리티 산업동향 및 토요타자동차 전략

박정규(Jeong-Gyu Park),이형오(Hyung-Oh Lee) 한일경상학회 2023 韓日經商論集 Vol.101 No.-

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to look at trends in the Japanese mobility industry, analyze Toyota Motor’s mobility strategy, and then seek implications for the Korean government and companies. The reason for looking at Japan’s industrial trends is that not only has Japan made various efforts early on in this field, but Korea is similar to Japan in demographic structure, and so there are many things to refer to from Japan’s industrial trends. Also, looking at Toyota Motor’s case in relation to corporate strategy, we can find that the company not only clearly presents its strategy as a mobility company, but is actually implementing it by launching various products and services. Research design, data, and methodology: As to the Japanese mobility industry trend, we first briefly look at the Japanese government’s policies, and then look at the trends by components of the mobility industry such as electric vehicles, autonomous driving, personal mobility, and flying cars. And regarding Toyota Motor’s mobility strategy, we look at electric vehicle strategies and development organizations, and look at strategies for each field, including automobiles, MaaS, personal mobility, and flying cars. Results: As a result of analyzing trends in the Japanese mobility industry, the following points were confirmed. At first, the basic direction of mobility policy in the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry was securing mobility services that provide new value, realizing carbon neutrality and reducing traffic accidents, and strengthening the industry’s international competitiveness. In the automobile industry, we find that the electrification of automobiles had a significant impact on the industrial structure, resulting in the weakening of the vertical division of labor and the advancement of the horizontal division of labor. In the mobility field, not only automobiles but also personal mobility plays an important role. The Japanese government was promoting deregulation in this field, and startups were playing a large role in the private sector. In addition, in the field of UAM, or flying cars, the government and the private sector were cooperating to improve various standards. In addition to industry trends, this study examined the strategy of Toyota Motor Corporation, and found that the company is advancing into each field that makes up the mobility industry and pursuing business in all directions. First, in the automobile sector, the company was a little late in moving to electric vehicles, but it set a new direction by announcing a large-scale electric vehicle investment plan in December 2021. In addition to investing in electric vehicles, the company was pursuing a transformation of its automobile business from hardware-centered to MaaS-centered, the key elements of which were MSPF and Autono-MaaS. The company also actively entered the personal mobility field and the UAM or flying car business. Implications: This study presented the following implications for Korea through consideration of the Japanese mobility industry. First, there is a need to actively refer to Japanese policies when establishing mobility-related policies at the Korean government level. Second, Korean companies also need to actively utilize the experience of Japanese companies, especially in the service sector, when establishing mobility strategies. Thirdly, there is a need for companies in the two countries to jointly solve social problems of both countries and to explore the global market through cooperation, and to this end, the government’s efforts to revitalize exchanges between companies from both countries are needed.

행위자기반모형을 활용한 Personal Mobility와 Partial Autonomous Vehicle의 교통혼잡개선효과 분석

이종덕,박인선,황기연 한국교통연구원 2015 交通硏究 Vol.22 No.1

According to national government statistics of Korea, the cost of traffic congestion for 2012 was estimated at 30.3 trillion won (USD $30 billion) which had been rising for a decade at an annual rate of 3.2 percent. There have been several attempts to mitigate the cost of congestion, such as traffic demand management and intelligent transport system. However, the outcomes of attempts have thus far been futile. Recently, there has been noticeable progress in vehicle technology which led to development of autonomous vehicles and personal mobility. Personal mobility shared vehicle system combined with autonomous driving technology looks the most promising as it could be considered an alternative solution to assuage traffic congestion. The purpose of this study is to use an agent-based model to estimate how the traffic flow would be improved with the introduction of autonomous vehicles and personal mobility into congested traffic. The results from our analysis reveal that both autonomous vehicles and personal mobility contribute to reducing traffic congestion and prove that personal mobility is more effective than autonomous vehicles. This study holds great significance in traffic engineering in both technical and political terms based on the fact that it anticipates the effect of autonomous vehicles and personal mobility when introduced in real traffic conditions. 2012년 국내 교통혼잡비용은 30조 3천억 원으로 10년 동안 연평균 3.2%의 증가율을 보이고 있다. 이에 대한 대책으로 교통수요관리, 교통운영체계 개선 등의 노력이 이루어져 왔으나 그 효과가 크지 않은 편이다. 이러한 상황에서 자동차 기술은 빠르게 진보하고 있고 Autonomous Vehicle(AV)과 Personal Mobility(PM) 등이 개발되고 있다. 특히, PM 중 일부는 자율주행기술이 접목된 개인을 위한 차량으로, 교통혼잡 개선을 위한 새로운 대안이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구에서는 이점에 주목하고 AV와 PM의 도입으로 개별차량이 아닌, 전체 교통 체계에 미치는 영향을 예측해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위한 방법론으로 기존 교통 Micro 시뮬레이션이 아닌 개별차량의 속성 조정이 가능한 행위자 기반 모형(ABM)을 활용하였으며, 모형에서 AV와 PM은 일반차량의 인지반응시간이 아닌 선행연구에서 도출된 인지반응시간을 적용하였다. 분석결과, 혼잡상태의 도로에서 AV와 PM이 혼재될 경우 전체 교통류 속도가 개선되어 혼잡완화효과가 있음이 입증되었으며, 향후 AV와 PM 및 시뮬레이션 환경을 보다 현실적으로 구현한다면, 장래 AV와 PM이 실제 도로에 혼입되었을 상황에 대비한 다양한 정책적 제언이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

An Effect of Land Use Characteristics and Policy Changes on Shared Personal Mobility Use

이재욱,장성만 대한국토·도시계획학회 2022 國土計劃 Vol.57 No.2

There are many studies on factors that affect transportation. According to previous studies, land use and policies are among such factors. However, studies related to personal mobility vehicles, which are increasingly attracting attention as a new means of transportation, are still relatively insufficient. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed how land-use characteristics and personal mobility vehicle-related regulation-strengthening policies affect shared personal mobility. For independent variables, we considered land-use characteristics and access to public transportation. We set the amount of shared personal mobility usage in the morning, afternoon, and evening as dependent variables, and performed regression analysis. We set the time frame of this study at 45 days before and 45 days after the strengthening of the regulation. In addition, we analyzed the spatial range in Gangseo and Yangcheon districts, Seoul, and Goyang, Gyeonggi Province. We found that land-use characteristics had a significant effect on shared personal mobility users according to the time of day. In addition, we identified different influencing factors on shared personal mobility before and after the regulation. Our analysis is expected to provide basic data necessary to examine the correlation between transportation, policy, and land use.