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암환아 부모의 교육요구 및 부모가 지각한 간호사의 교육수행 정도
한혜라,홍경자 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1996 간호학 논문집 Vol.10 No.2
Cancer is the disease which can attack our whole body regardless of age and sex. It is rare disease in childhood but 12% of childhood mortality is attributed to cancers, and second cause of mortality followed accident. From 1989 to 1990, reported incidences of cancers under fifteen years old were about 1.64% of all cancer in Korea. Leukemia is the most common type of cancer which can be seen under fifteen years old and is accounted a half of childhood cancer. Brain tumor is the next common cancer. Recently, cancer incidence is increasing due to contaminated and polluted environment. Cancer is not considered as uncurable any more due to advances of modern medicine and technology. Sixty percent of pediatric oncology patients can live more than 5 years now. Such development resulted from complex treatment which combines operation, radiation and chemotherapy. Longer survival and treatment time cause problems in lives of pediatric oncology patients and their parents, and are turned to important issues in nursing practice. Long survival of cancer patients requires long-term observation and care, and furthermore educating role of nurses for the parents of pediatric oncology patients become more important. It is because primary responsibility of care and nurture of patients depend on their parents' knowledge of care. They are usually cared by their parents at home while they are treated in outpatient clinics unless they are in critical condition. Education for the client is an independent function as well as a professional responsibility of nurses. Nurses must identify educational needs of clients before they educate them, because education should be based on the needs of clients to be successful and effective. This study was conducted to identify educational needs of parents of pediatric oncology patients and their nurses' actual educational performances perceived by them. Subjects were composed of 46 parents of pediatric oncology patients (10 fathers and 36 mothers) whose childen were hospitalized at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from March 4th to April 6th in 1994. A questionnaire for this study was developed on the basis of previous literatures and researcher's clinical experiences. The questionnaire was Likert type 5 point scale, composed of three areas(19 questions related to diagnosis and treatment of the disease, 27 questions related to care during hospitalization, 7 questions related to home care). Internal consistency of this questionnaire in this study for educational needs was cronbach α = .983, and for educational performances was cronbach α=.984. In the data analysis, MANOVA was done to test differences among three areas; t-test and ANOVA were done to determine the effect of general characteristics of subjects on their educational needs as well as perceived nurses' actual performances. The results were as follows: 1. Mean score of Educational needs of subjects were 188.68(range 0-212). Differences among areas were significant (p<.001). Educational need of Diagnosis and treatment of the disease ranked as the highest and that of care during hospitalization was the lowest. 2. Compared with the educational needs of subjects, the mean score of nurses' educational performances perceived by them, 102.29(range 0-212) was very low. Differences among areas were also significant(p<.001). Educational performance on the care during hospitalization ranked as the highest and that of home care was the lowest. 3. Subject's educational need was significantly high boys(t=2.46, p=.032). 4. Recurrence of disease and parent's level of education were emerged as important variables affecting the degree of nurses' educational performances perceived by parent without statistical significance. In conclusion, the educational needs of parents of pediatric oncology patients were very high but nurses' educational performances perceived by them relatively low. And there was difference in perception between what area need to be learned and what area taught by nurses.
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