유사언어 활용 훈련이 오디오북 텍스트 형상화에 미치는 영향 연구 - 교수자의 우호적 행동을 매개변수로 -

조예신(Ye-Shin Cho) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2020 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 발음, 강세, 목소리의 톤, 속도, 휴지(Pause), 감정표현 등 유사언어 활용 훈련이 오디오북 텍스트 형상화에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 교수자의 우호적 행동의 매개역할 관계를 알아보고자 함에 있다. 본 연구결과는 오디오북 텍스트의 동적(動的)형상화를 위한 유사언어 활용 훈련과 매개변수인 교수자의 우호적 행동에 대한 필요성과 영향력을 인식하는 참고자료가 될 것이다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유사언어 활용 훈련은 오디오북 텍스트 형상화에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 텍스트 본래의 의미를 전달하는 핵심 요인으로 작용하였다. 이에 따라 유사언어 활용 훈련의 의의와 내용을 살펴보고 유사언어 활용 훈련을 지속한다면 오디오북 텍스트 형상화에 도움이 될 것이다. 둘째, 교수자의 우호적 행동은 유사언어의 활용 훈련과 오디오북 텍스트 형상화 간에 부분 매개역할을 하였다. 교수자의 우호적 행동은 훈련생에게 호의와 신뢰를 갖게 하여 유사언어 활용 훈련에 도움을 주었으며 오디오북 텍스트 형상화에 대한 완성도를 높일 것이다. 따라서 유사언어 활용 훈련은 교수자의 우호적 행동과 함께 이루어질 때 오디오북 텍스트 형상화에 보다 효과적이라는 결과를 도출할 수 있었다. The purpose of study is to examine the role of the Professor’s friendly behavior as a parameters in the course of Paralanguage Utilization Training using pronunciation, stress, voice tone, speed, pause and expression of feelings affecting of Audiobook text shaping. the results of this study will be a reference to training on the use of Paralanguage for dynamic shaping of Audiobook text and recognizing the need and influence of professors’ friendly behavior as a parameters. The results of the study are as follows. First, training in the use of Paralanguage was shown to have a positive effect on the Shaping of Audiobook text and served as a key factor in conveying the original meaning of text. Therefore, if we look at the significance and content of training using Paralanguage and continue training using Paralanguage, it will actually help to shape Audiobook text. Second, the professor’s friendly behavior partially acted as a parameters role between training in the use of Paralanguage and shaping Audiobook text. The professor’s friendly behavior has helped form Audiobook text by providing a sense of trust and will increase the level of completion for training in the use of Paralanguage. Thus, training in the use of Paralanguage Utilization Training could result in more effective Audiobook text shaping when conducted in conjunction with the professors’ friendly actions. Therefore, it was shown that the ability to use Paralanguage and the professor’s caring and friendly behavior to help them perform better were more effective when they simultaneously affected Audiobook text shaping.

유사언어가 공신력 평가에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 -성우의 유사언어 표현을 중심으로-

성선녀 한국화법학회 2009 화법연구 Vol.0 No.15

Starting with a discussion of status and roles of voice performers, this study continues elaborating on paralanguage. With such conception in mind, this study purports to delineate the relationship among paralanguage, the perception of source credibility. The focus was given on the effects of accuracy of pronunciation, intonation, speech rate, pause, and expression of emotion. As such, the following one research question was formulated: 1. How does the usage of paralanguage affect the perception of source credibility? To answer the research question, repeated-treatment design quasi-experiments were administered. Additionally, interviews with highly experienced voice performers in the field were carried out. Such statistical methos as factor analysis, independent sample t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression, and correlation analysis were employed. As to Research Question 1, factor analysis revealed the three-factor(expertise, trustworthiness, and dynamism) solution of the source credibility, conforming to the previous research findings. Five components of paralanguage(accuracy of pronunciation, intonation, speech rate, pause, and expression of emotion) all affected the perception of expertise, trustworthiness, and dynamism. Among the three dimensions of source credibility, trustworthiness was the most affected by paralanguistic variables. Among the 5 components of paralanguage, expression of emotion was the strongest predictor of source credibility. In sum, expression of emotion was by far the strongest in terms of affecting the perception of source credibility, while the effects of speech rate and pause were minimal. These results emphasize the unique contribution of voice performers who are proficient in the expression of emotion compared to the broadcasting performers in other career tracks. Also, professional broadcasting communicators need to pursue perfection in expressing a variety of emotional states in addition to commanding the most proper levels of the accuracy of pronunciation, speech rate, intonation, and pause. Considering the contemporary trend of emphasizing one’s communication competence, this study has its own value. This study reminds us of the importance of the proper usage of paralanguage particularly in the context of Korean communication culture where the Confucius influences still occupy a larger portion. 기존의 연구를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 다매체 미디어 속에서 새롭게 정의되어 가고 있는 성우들의 위상과 역할 변화에 대한 총체적인 논의로 시작해, 유사언어의 개념 정립과 나아갈 방향을 정리하고자 하는 생각에서 시작되었다. 또한 이와 같은 문제의식과 함께 유사언어가 수용자들의 공신력 평가에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 수치적인 정의와 상관관계를 밝히려고 노력했다. 즉, 방송에서 성우들이 사용하는 언어전달 기법 중 유사언어의 중요한 요소인 발음, 음정, 속도, 휴지, 감정표현을 중심으로 유사언어 요소들이 공신력 평가에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인가에 연구의 초점을 맞추었다. 따라서 다음과 같은 연구문제를 도출했다. 연구문제 1 유사언어가 전달자의 공신력 평가에 어떤 영향을 미치는가? 이에 대한 답을 구하기 위해 사용된 통계 방법은 요인분석, 독립표본 t-검증, 분산분석, 다중회귀분석, 그리고 상관분석이었다. 연구문제 1의 연구결과 공신력은 전문성, 신뢰성, 역동성의 세 차원으로 요인 구조를 형성했다. 다섯 가지 유사언어(발음, 음정, 속도, 휴지, 감정표현) 모두 전문성과 신뢰도, 역동성 평가에 영향을 미쳤고, 특히 감정표현은 공신력 평가에 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 또한, 공신력의 세 차원 중에서 유사언어는 전문성이나 역동성에 비해서 신뢰도에 상대적으로 높은 영향을 미치는 것을 주목할 필요가 있다. 다섯 가지 유사언어들이 전달자의 전문성과 신뢰도, 역동성에 미치는 영향을 종합적으로 살펴보기 위해 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 감정표현이 전문성, 신뢰도, 역동성 평가에 가장 큰 영향을 행사하는 유사언어임을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 유사언어 중에서 감정표현은 전문성, 신뢰도, 역동성에 모두 큰 영향을 미치는 반면, 속도와 휴지의 영향을 상대적으로 작았다. 이는 다른 직종의 방송인들과 달리 감정표현이 유연한 성우의 고유 영역이 두드러진다는 점을 시사한다. 따라서 정보전달자는 정확한 발음, 속도, 음정, 휴지 등을 추구해야 하지만 이외에도 희, 노, 애, 락의 적절한 감정표현이 수반되어야 함을 강조하고 있다. 이러한 연구 결과는 오늘날 커뮤니케이션 능력이 점점 더 확대되고 새롭게 정의되는 것을 고려해 볼 때, 유교적 영향이 아직 많이 남아있는 한국의 커뮤니케이션 문화에서 본 연구는 유사언어의 중요성을 일깨워 주었다는 점에서 큰 의미를 지닌다.

유사언어가 공신력 평가에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 -성우의 유사언어 표현을 중심으로-

성선녀 ( Soung Neao Soung ) 한국화법학회 2009 화법연구 Vol.0 No.15

기존의 연구를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 다매체 미디어 속에서 새롭게 정의되어 가고 있는 성우들의 위상과 역할 변화에 대한 총체적인 논의로 시작해, 유사언어의 개념 정립과 나아갈 방향을 정리하고자 하는 생각에서 시작되었다. 또한 이와 같은 문제의식과 함께 유사언어가 수용자들의 공신력 평가에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 수치적인 정의와 상관관계를 밝히려고 노력했다. 즉, 방송에서 성우들이 사용하는 언어전달 기법 중 유사언어의 중요한 요소인 발음, 음정, 속도, 휴지, 감정표현을 중심으로 유사언어 요소들이 공신력 평가에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인가에 연구의 초점을 맞추었다. 따라서 다음과 같은 연구문제를 도출했다. 연구문제 1 유사언어가 전달자의 공신력 평가에 어떤 영향을 미치는가? 이에 대한 답을 구하기 위해 사용된 통계 방법은 요인분석, 독립표본 t-검증, 분산분석, 다중회귀분석, 그리고 상관분석이었다. 연구문제 1의 연구결과 공신력은 전문성, 신뢰성, 역동성의 세 차원으로 요인 구조를 형성했다. 다섯 가지 유사언어(발음, 음정, 속도, 휴지, 감정표현) 모두 전문성과 신뢰도, 역동성 평가에 영향을 미쳤고, 특히 감정표현은 공신력 평가에 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 또한, 공신력의 세 차원 중에서 유사언어는 전문성이나 역동성에 비해서 신뢰도에 상대적으로 높은 영향을 미치는 것을 주목할 필요가 있다. 다섯 가지 유사언어들이 전달자의 전문성과 신뢰도, 역동성에 미치는 영향을 종합적으로 살펴보기 위해 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 감정표현이 전문성, 신뢰도, 역동성 평가에 가장 큰 영향을 행사하는 유사언어임을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 유사언어 중에서 감정표현은 전문성, 신뢰도, 역동성에 모두 큰 영향을 미치는 반면, 속도와 휴지의 영향을 상대적으로 작았다. 이는 다른 직종의 방송인들과 달리 감정표현이 유연한 성우의 고유 영역이 두드러진다는 점을 시사한다. 따라서 정보전달자는 정확한 발음, 속도, 음정, 휴지 등을 추구해야 하지만 이외에도 희, 노, 애, 락의 적절한 감정표현이 수반되어야 함을 강조하고 있다. 이러한 연구 결과는 오늘날 커뮤니케이션 능력이 점점 더 확대되고 새롭게 정의되는 것을 고려해 볼 때, 유교적 영향이 아직 많이 남아있는 한국의 커뮤니케이션 문화에서 본 연구는 유사언어의 중요성을 일깨워 주었다는 점에서 큰 의미를 지닌다. Starting with a discussion of status and roles of voice performers, this study continues elaborating on paralanguage. With such conception in mind, this study purports to delineate the relationship among paralanguage, the perception of source credibility. The focus was given on the effects of accuracy of pronunciation, intonation, speech rate, pause, and expression of emotion. As such, the following one research question was formulated: 1. How does the usage of paralanguage affect the perception of source credibility? To answer the research question, repeated-treatment design quasi-experiments were administered. Additionally; interviews with highly experienced voice performers in the field were carried out. Such statistical methods as factor analysis, independent sample t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression, and correlation analysis were employed. As to Research Question 1, factor analysis revealed the three-factor(expertise, trustworthiness, and dynamism) solution of the source credibility, conforming to the previous research findings. Five components of paralanguage(accuracy of pronunciation, intonation, speech rate, pause, and expression of emotion) all affected the perception of expertise, trustworthiness, and dynamism. Among the three dimensions of source credibility, trustworthiness was the most affected by paralanguistic variables. Among the 5 components of paralanguage, expression of emotion was the strongest predictor of source credibility. In sum, expression of emotion was by far the strongest in terms of affecting the perception of source credibility, while the effects of speech rate and pause were minimal. These results emphasize the unique contribution of voice performers who are proficient in the expression of emotion compared to the broadcasting performers in other career tracks. Also, professional broadcasting communicators need to pursue perfection in expressing a variety of emotional states in addition to commanding the most proper levels of the accuracy of pronunciation, speech rate, intonation, and pause. Considering the contemporary trend of emphasizing one`s communication competence, this study has its own value. This study reminds us of the importance of the proper usage of paralanguage particularly in the context of Korean communication culture where the Confucius influences still occupy a larger portion.

교사의 비언어적 의사소통 행동이 학생 개인 특성에 따라 수업에 미치는 영향

이춘우(Chun-Woo Lee),김선연(Sun-Yun Kim) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2016 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.10 No.5

본 연구는 교사의 비언어적 의사소통 행동(신체언어, 공간언어, 유사언어, 인공언어)이 학생의 개인 특성(성별, 학교급, 학업성취 수준)에 따라 수업에 영향을 미치는지를 연구하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중·고등학교 학생을 대상으로 설문지를 통한 조사연구를 실시하였다. 개인 특성에 따른 주요 연구결과는 첫째, 성별에 따라 비언어적 의사소통 행동의 수업에 대한 영향력은 다르게 나타났는데, 여학생이 남학생 보다 모든 유형에서 그 영향력이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학교급에 따라서도 비언어적 의사소통 행동의 수업에 대한 영향력은 다르게 나타났다. 신체언어와 유사언어에서는 고등학생이, 인공언어에서는 중학생이 더 크게 영향을 받았다. 셋째, 학업성취 수준에 따라서도 비언어적 의사소통 행동의 수업에 대한 영향력은 달랐는데, 인공언어를 제외한 모든 유형에서 중·상위권 학생들이 하위권 학생들보다 더 큰 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 대한 가능성 있는 이유로서 남녀간 성차에 따른 정서와 감정의 차이, 중·고등학생의 수업과 학습에 대한 상이한 스트레스, 중·상위권 학생과 하위권 학생들의 수업과 학습에 대한 차이점, 그리고 비언어적 의사소통 행동들의 수업과 학습의 관련성이 논의되었다. This study was to empirically analyze the effects of teachers’ non-verbal communication behaviors(kinesics, proxemics, paralanguage, artifacts) on instruction depending on students’ individual characters (gender, school level, & achievement level). For this purpose, the study conducted survey research, subjects of which were middle and high school students. Major findings regarding the individual characters are as follows: First, the study showed that the effects of nonverbal communication behaviors on instruction were different according to gender difference, showing that female students were influenced more than male students in all types of nonverbal communication behaviors. Second, the study revealed that there were significantly different between school levels in the effects of nonverbal communication behaviors on instruction, showing that high school students were influenced more than middle school ones in kinesics and paralanguage, while middle school students were influenced more than high school ones in artifacts. Third, the study found that the effects of nonverbal communication behaviors on instruction differed from their achievement levels, showing that upper and mid-level students were influenced more than lower level ones in kinesics, proxemics, and paralanguage. The study discussed the plausible reasons, including the gender differences in emotion and affection, different stress in learning and instruction between middle and high school students, and the relationship between learning/instruction and nonverbal communication behaviors.

통역에서 비언어적 커뮤니케이션에 대한 고찰 - 설교 순차통역을 중심으로 -

신혜인 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2024 통번역학연구 Vol.28 No.2

This paper argues that interpreter training, which previously focused on verbal and linguistic elements, should revisit non-verbal elements for incorporation, as non-verbal elements can convey both subtle and strong messages. This paper examines non-verbal communication in the consecutive interpretation of sermons as preachers often heavily rely on non-verbal elements for appellative effect. In order to see how non-verbal elements are utilized in sermon interpreting, this paper studies two actual sermon interpreting cases focusing on kinesics and paralanguage. Based on these findings, this paper suggests that first, sermon interpreter training would benefit from encouraging students to become familiar with the use of non-verbal communication. Second, students would benefit from learning to flexibly accommodate various types of non-verbal communication strategies. Finally, this paper proposes role-playing in classes, watching videos of interpreting cases and evaluating different non-verbal communication strategies as measures to raise non-verbal communicative competence as part of interpreter training.

발표에서의 부차 언어 연구

손세모돌 한국화법학회 2002 화법연구 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to consider on paralanguage in announcements. It is for seeking for methods which affect to audiences and for finding out good speech styles in announcements. It is made usefulness of communication to be bigger when language and non-language facts are use together. Effect in speaking can be different from language message according to paralanguage and kinesics. So it is necessary that students learn and practice the speech skill including paralanguage and kinesics. Because There are many paralanguage styles which audiences like and dislike. Those that audiences like are loud voice, animate voice, speaking in a little fast speed, unaffected way of talking and clear pronunciation. Because these give animation to speakers. Paralanguage that audiences dislike are small voice, low voice, slow speaking, speaking with no animation, mumble and etc. Audiences think that these are make them to be borning. But students in university are poor use paralanguage to be desired in announcements. They frequently fail to use loud voice, animate voice and fail to speak in a little fast speed and can't speak unaffected way of talking and miss using clear pronunciation. About more than 30% Students speak low voice. School - boys speak slowly than school - girls. Students who speak unaffected way of talking are 16% of school - boys, 25% of school - girls. 25% of school - boys and 23% of school - girls fail to clear pronunciation.

통신언어가 가상공간의 숙의에 미치는 영향에 관한 이론적 논의

김욱영 한국소통학회 2002 한국소통학보 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구는 가상공간의 통신언어 사용 확대에 따른 새로운 커뮤니케이션 현상에 대한 이론적 논의 과정에서 통신언어가 갖는 긍정적 부정적인 면들을 살펴보았다. 가상공간이 전자민주주의를 뒷받침하는 대안적 공론권 역할을 수행할 수 있기 위해서는 개인적의견의 타당성이 공적 논쟁을 통해 검증되고, 참여자들의 의견 차이를 조정하고 협의할 수 있는 숙의의 과정을 거쳐야 한다. 그런데 가상공간의 하나인 채팅방 등에서 나타난 통신언어를 분석한 결과들에 따르면 통신비 등을 절감하기 위한 축약적인 표현과 짧은 대화는 숙의를 저해하는 요소로 지적되고 있다.통신언어의 남용으로 인한 부정적 우려에도 불구하고,통신언어는 텍스트 중심적인 가상공간 커뮤니케이션의 한계를 극복하고 보다 활발한 커뮤니케이션을 유지시키는 긍정적 측면이 있다. 또한 가상공간의 숙의에 대한 논의에 있어서 평등한 대화와 활발한 커뮤니케이션의 조건을 충족시키는 데 통신언어가 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 가상공간이 지속적으로 숙의를 위한 공론권으로서 외부 통제나 간섭 없이 유지되기 위해서는 익명성의 남용과 규제보다는 개인의 프라이버시와 권익보호 차원에서 익명성을 보장하면서 가상공간의 건전성을 확보하려는 노력이 있어야 한다. his study examines the possibilities of cyberspace for the deliberation. In order to accomplish this study, the related researches on this topic were reviewed carefully. Some studies suggested that the notion of public sphere or deliberative democracy can not be easily substantiated even in the context of cyberspace. The other studies suggested optimistic messages that cyberspace will function as an alternative public sphere though there is a wide gap between what can be done and what should be done. Also it has been found that cyberspace allowed many users to express freely their ideas as well as opinions. This finding may be seen as satisfying some conditions of deliberation. But it has been also found that there is a number of flamings as well as unreliable arguments and abusive languages by anonymous users. Online Paralinguistic expressions have been becoming general phenomena in cyberspace. Some people try to make subtle verbal variations, this process results in appearances of several paralinguistic expressions which are shown like the causes that make cyberspace to be chaos. And some scholars often said pessimistic messages that cyberspace will not function as an alternative public sphere because of such a problem. This study suggests that the Online Paralanguage can be affirma tive to develop the deliberation in cyberspace as a function of Public Sphere. Given that the internet has been diffused at a rapid rate in South Korea, and that the Online Paralanguage is used generally. The results of empirical studies don’t show negative phenomena in using Online Paralanguage so much as affirmative phenomena. For example, the Online Paralanguage can give informations or cues about the anonymous users. So it can be said that the possibility of cyberspace as a function of Public Sphere depends on how the users should use the space where the deliberation is processed. In conclusion, it is likely to be the time not only to admit the Online Paralanguage as a general language, though it is felt like a abusive language, but to examine profoundly the effects of Online Paralanguage how it is used in cyberspace. The more empirical findings are required to rethink about the possibilities of cyberspace for the deliberation. The variables must be subdivided into more reasonable authorities which are tested empirically. Besides, it is important to note that the suggestions in this study may not be generalized into other situations, due mainly to the specific nature in cyberspace context.

언어ㆍ유사언어ㆍ비언어 커뮤니케이션이 고객 만족과 충성도에 미치는 영향관계 연구: 항공사 승무원 중심

최희경,정삼권,이경은 한국호텔관광학회 2010 호텔관광연구 Vol.12 No.2

The objective of this study is to identify the influences in which the elements of communication exhibit among cabin crews (i.e. verbal, paralanguage, and non-verbal) have on the determination of customer satisfaction and loyalty for passengers using international flights of the two major national airlines, by focusing on the results of evaluation on human services provided by the cabin crews as a part of airline’s cabin service. Results demonstrated that among all communication factors, paralanguage elements pertaining to airline cabin crews had the greatest influence on the customer satisfaction. Also, results displayed that the passengers with higher customer satisfaction had improved loyalty - as an example, stronger intentions to re-use and recommend the airline as well as to becoming a frequent flyer. Although the direct verbal communication is undoubtedly the key skill used when responding to the passengers, paralanguage elements such as polite language, accurate pronunciation, gentle tone, bright first impression, and appropriate gestures as well as non-verbal communication skills seem to carry more significance in the interaction with passengers. Accordingly, airlines should facilitate in-house service training and self-development programs to instruct cabin crews on how to serve passengers appropriately and to enhance foreign language competency among cabin crews in order to secure favorable evaluation feedback in terms of cabin service, even from foreign passengers. To this end, the value of this study lies in that it focuses on airline cabin crews in terms of communication skills unlike the existing researches, and that it conducts experimental research and survey with the field of communication segmented into verbal, paralanguage, and non-verbal factors.

뉴스 전달속도가 수용자 인식에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험 연구

박경희 ( Kyoung Hee Park ) 한국화법학회 2011 화법연구 Vol.0 No.19

방송진행자는 메시지의 촉매 역할을 하는 커뮤니케이터(communicator), 즉 전달자에 해당한다. 매스미디어에 종사하는 뉴스 진행자를 비롯한 음성 전달자는 수신자의 이해력과 정보 전달량의 최적 접점을 찾는 고도의 테크닉을 요구하는 작업을 수행해야하는데 메시지의 효율적인 전달은 메시지 자체의 콘텐츠도 중요하지만 그 구성과 전달 방식도 대단히 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 그 중에서도 음성언어 전달에서 전달 속도는 수용자의 이해 측면에서 중요한 변인이다. 이처럼 방송 메시지 전달에서 속도가 갖는 의미가 매우 중요함에도 불구하고 수많은 관련 학자들은 커뮤니케이션 모델을 제시하면서 시간적인 개념을 간과했다. 또한 송신자와 수신자 즉, 화자와 청자 간의 관계에 있어 의미 공유 내지 호감도에 대한 측면도 간과해 왔다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 뉴스 전달 속도가 수용자 인식에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위해 연구문제1에서는 뉴스 전달 속도를 바탕으로 전달 속도 차이에 따라 수용자가 인지하는 유사언어적인 변별력의 차이와 선호도, 뉴스에 대한 이해도 차이, 나아가 방송 진행자의 공신력에 전달 속도가 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 연구 방법은 1939년 일제 강점기 이후에서부터 2008년도 4월 현재에 이르기까지 30개의 뉴스 녹음 자료를 측정 분석하여 1분당 음절수로 측정된 전달 속도의 변화 추이에 대해 알아보았다. 이후 속도의 변화를 세 가지 유형으로 분류하여 느린 속도는 1분당 300음절로 설정하였고, 이후 구간별 속도 간격을 60음절씩 차이를 두어 보통 속도를 360음절, 그리고 빠른 속도를 420음절로 설정해서 같은 내용으로 속도만을 달리한 실험용 뉴스를 제작하였다. 이후 20대의 대학생과 4, 50대의 그들의 부모집단을 대상으로 세 가지 속도의 실험용 뉴스를 들려주고 설문에 응답토록 했다. 연구 결과 수용자 인식 차이에 대한 조사 결과 첫째, 뉴스 전달속도가 빨라질수록 수용자들은 유사 언어적 차원에 있어 부정적인 평가를 하고 있었다. 즉, 뉴스전달자의 정확한 발음과 안정적인 전달력, 그리고 장음과 단음에 따른 단어의 의미 변별력 등 모든 차원에서 뉴스전달 속도가 빨라지는 것은 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 둘째, 뉴스전달 속도는 수용자들의 뉴스 이해도에도 매우 유의미한 차이를 유발하고 있었다. 유사언어적인 인식차원과 유사하게, 뉴스전달 속도가 빨라질수록 수용자들은 뉴스에 대한 이해도가 현저하게 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 뉴스속도가 빨라질 경우 수용자들의 이해도는 매우 낮은 수준으로 하락했다. 결국, 뉴스가 수용자들에게 얼마나 효과적으로 전달되었는가를 나타내는 이해도 차원에서도 뉴스의 전달속도는 매우 중요한 변수로 확인된 것이다. 셋째, 뉴스전달속도에 따라 뉴스에 대한 선호도에도 매우 큰 차이가 나타났다. 뉴스의 전달속도가 빨라질수록 수용자들은 쫓기는 느낌은 물론, 공격적인 인상을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 유창하거나 지적인 느낌, 그리고 친근감을 준다는 평가적 요소에서도 속도가 빨라질수록 부정적인 태도를 유발하고 있었다. 끝으로, 뉴스에 대한 수용자들의 공신력 평가차원의 경우 뉴스 전달속도가 빨라질수록 수용자들은 부정적인 평가를 내렸다. 빠른 속도의 뉴스에 노출된 수용자들은 보통이거나 느린 속도에 비해 현격하게 낮은 수준으로 공신력 평가를 했다. 결국, 수용자들이 인식하는 뉴스에 대한 공신력에도 뉴스의 전달속도가 중요한 설명변수로 작용함을 확인했다. 본 연구는 뉴스 전달 속도의 효율성 측면뿐만 아니라 말속도가 문화와 밀접한 관계가 있다는 전제에서 전달 속도의 시대적인 변화를 알아보고 수용자에 대한 배려, 수용자와의 관계, 방송전달 환경 변화를 다루었다는 점에서 의의가 있다고 할 것이다. 그리고 그동안 매체연구나 수용자 연구에서 상대적으로 소홀했었던 수행(performance) 차원에서의 연구로서 커뮤니케이션 전체 과정에서 전달 속도가 왜 의미가 있는지 환기시켰다는 점에서 의미를 부여할 수 있다고 할 것이다. The broadcasting messages are delivered through vocal language and have the time limitation and the characteristics that delivery is carried out in one-time. And the effective delivery shall be carried out by minimizing the occurrence of noise during the process. Likewise, the voice messenger, including news casters engaging in mass media, shall carry out the work requiring the high techniques, in which the optimal interface between the recipient` comprehension and the quantity of information, so it is well known that the composition and the delivery methods are also very important in the efficient delivery, though the contents of the message itself is important, taking account into the above mentioned conditions. Among the conditions, it may be said that the reading rate in vocal language delivery is the important variable in the aspect of recipient` comprehension. Despite the fact that the reading rate in the broadcasting message delivery holds the huge significance like this, lots of relevant researchers overlooked the concepts in terms of time in the presentations of communication models, failing to notice the aspects of sharing the meaning and favorable impression according to the relationship between the sender and receiver, that is, the speaker and the listener. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to inquire into what influence the reading rate of news delivery has on the perception of user, and as for the research question 1, it was attempted to examine what influence the reading rate has on the differences in the power of discrimination in terms of paralanguage recognized by recipients, the preferences, the differences in comprehension of news and the public trust to the broadcasting hosts ultimately, according to the difference in reading rates based on the reading rate in news delivery. As for the research methodology, the number of syllables per minute was measured by analyzing the 30 audio taped data of news, beginning from the year 1939, under Japan`s colonial rule, to April of 2008, to the present, examining the trend of change in the reading rate of news broadcasting. And then, with the change in the reading rate classified into three types, the slow reading rate was established as 300 syllables per minute, and with the reading rate gap in each section separated by 60 syllables, the common reading rate was established with 360 syllables and the rapid reading rate was established with 420 syllables, so that the experimental news might be created using the same content, but performing with the different reading rates. And then the college students in their 20s and their parents in their 40s to 50s in age were allowed to listen to the three types of experimental news, and they were questioned with the questionnaire. The total participants in the experiment were 312 people, and the most scales showed the credibility level, recording 0.7. As the result of research, it was found out that users` recognition difference survey; first, as the reading rate of news delivery became, the users appeared to gave more negative evaluation in the paralanguage level. So to speak, the fact that the reading rate of news delivery was becoming faster had the negative effect on every level, such as the accurate pronunciation and the stable delivery of the news casters and the discrimination power related to the words on the basis of the long and short syllables. Especially, the news delivery with high reading rate was recognized as the worst, in the level of how stably the news was delivered to the users. On the other hand, as the reading rate was getting slow, the paralanguage level of news was recognized more positively. In conclusion, it was found out that the reading rate of news delivery did not have any significant influence on the recognition of users` paralanguage in case it was common or slow, but the news was not delivered well to the recipients in case it was faster than the normal speed. Second, the reading rate of news delivery was inducing the meaningful difference considerably in the users` comprehension of the news. Showing the similarity with the recognition level which is related to the paralanguage, as the reading rate of news delivery was getting faster, it seemed that the recipients` comprehension degree of news was remarkably going down. When the news in a slow reading rate was exposed, the user`s comprehension degree appeared to be the highest, and there was no big difference in comprehension in the common speed, but when it was getting faster the user`s comprehension degree went down to the lowest level. In conclusion, the reading rate of news delivery was identified to be a very important variable even in the comprehension level, which shows how effectively the news was delivered to the users. Third, the big difference occurred in terms of preference of the news, according to the reading rate of news delivery. The level of news preference was divided into the sense of speed, which is sort of a negative level, and the factors in terms of evaluation. And as the speed was getting faster, it induced the negative attitudes even in the evaluation elements such as the fluency, sense of intellect and the intimacy. Especially, the users exposed to the high reading rate of news delivery showed the very low level of preference, compared to the exposure to the common or slow speed. On the other hand, the slower the reading rate of news delivery, the higher preference to the news appeared, compared to the other level of speed. Finally, in case of the recipient`s evaluation level of public trust for news, as the reading rate of news delivery was getting faster, the recipients gave more negative evaluation. As the reading rate of news delivery was getting slower, the user`s evaluation level of public trust for news appeared to the most positive, anyway the user`s evaluation level of public trust for news at the common reading rate of news delivery did not show big difference. However, the recipients exposed to the high reading rate of news delivery evaluated the news as remarkably low level of public trust, compared to the exposure to the low speed. In conclusion, it was identified that the reading rate of news delivery was functioning as the important explanatory variables for the public trust of news which is recognized by the users. This study might have the significance from the viewpoint that the change in the reading rate of news delivery in terms of time was examined and the consideration for users, the relationship with users and the environmental change in the broadcasting delivery were dealt with, on the assumption that the speed of speaking, as well as the efficiency aspects of the reading rate of news delivery, has the close relationship with the culture. And also it might have the significance from the viewpoint that the reason why the reading rate had the significance in the total communication process was refocused as the study on the level of performance, which had been neglected relatively in the studies about media or recipients.

뉴스 전달 속도가 수용자 인식에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험 연구

박경희 한국소통학회 2010 한국소통학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.1

The broadcasting messages are delivered through vocal language and have the time limitation and the characteristics that delivery is carried out in one-time. And the effective delivery shall be carried out by minimizing the occurrence of noise during the process. Likewise, the voice messenger, including news casters engaging in mass media, shall carry out the work requiring the high techniques, in which the optimal interface between the recipient' comprehension and the quantity of information, so it is well known that the composition and the delivery methods are also very important in the efficient delivery, though the contents of the message itself is important, taking account into the above mentioned conditions. Among the conditions, it may be said that the reading rate in vocal language delivery is the important variable in the aspect of recipient' comprehension. Despite the fact that the reading rate in the broadcasting message delivery holds the huge significance like this, lots of relevant researchers overlooked the concepts in terms of time in the presentations of communication models, failing to notice the aspects of sharing the meaning and favorable impression according to the relationship between the sender and receiver, that is, the speaker and the listener. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to inquire into what influence the reading rate of news delivery has on the perception of user, and as for the research question 1, the change in the reading rate of news delivery was considered according to the time change from the intial stage of broadcasting under the japan's colonial rule to the present time, on the assumption that the reading rate of news caster's message delivery on air has the close relationship with the culture of the applicable age. And then, in the research question 2, it was attempted to examine what influence the reading rate has on the differences in the power of discrimination in terms of paralanguage recognized by recipients, the preferences, the differences in comprehension of news and the public trust to the broadcasting hosts ultimately, according to the difference in reading rates based on the reading rate in news delivery. As for the research methodology, the number of syllables per minute was measured by analyzing the 30 audio taped data of news, beginning from the year 1939, under Japan's colonial rule, to April of 2008, to the present, examining the trend of change in the reading rate of news broadcasting. And then, with the change in the reading rate classified into three types, the slow reading rate was established as 300 syllables per minute, and with the reading rate gap in each section separated by 60 syllables, the common reading rate was established with 360 syllables and the rapid reading rate was established with 420 syllables, so that the experimental news might be created using the same content, but performing with the different reading rates. And then the college students in their 20s and their parents in their 40s to 50s in age were allowed to listen to the three types of experimental news, and they were questioned with the questionnaire. The total participants in the experiment were 312 people, and the most scales showed the credibility level, recording 0.7. As the result of research, it was found out that the reading rate of news delivery has become remarkably faster approaching the present time as it was compared to the past, showing that it was about 220 syllables at the intial stage of broadcasting under the japan's colonial rule, and about 330 syllables in the 1950s, about 350 syllables in the 1960s, and about 370 syllables at present, the year 2008. As for the change in average value, it was found out that there was a gap of 150 syllables between the time of japan's colonial rule and the present time, and the speed has increased around 68% when it was converted into percentage. And as for the result of users' recognition difference survey; first, as the reading rate of news delivery became, the users appeared to gave more negative evaluation in the paralanguage level. So to speak, the fact that the reading rate of news delivery was becoming faster had the negative effect on every level, such as the accurate pronunciation and the stable delivery of the news casters and the discrimination power related to the words on the basis of the long and short syllables. Especially, the news delivery with high reading rate was recognized as the worst, in the level of how stably the news was delivered to the users. On the other hand, as the reading rate was getting slow, the paralanguage level of news was recognized more positively. In conclusion, it was found out that the reading rate of news delivery did not have any significant influence on the recognition of users' paralanguage in case it was common or slow, but the news was not delivered well to the recipients in case it was faster than the normal speed. Second, the reading rate of news delivery was inducing the meaningful difference considerably in the users' comprehension of the news. Showing the similarity with the recognition level which is related to the paralanguage, as the reading rate of news delivery was getting faster, it seemed that the recipients' comprehension degree of news was remarkably going down. When the news in a slow reading rate was exposed, the user's comprehension degree appeared to be the highest, and there was no big difference in comprehension in the common speed, but when it was getting faster the user's comprehension degree went down to the lowest level. In conclusion, the reading rate of news delivery was identified to be a very important variable even in the comprehension level, which shows how effectively the news was delivered to the users. Third, the big difference occurred in terms of preference of the news, according to the reading rate of news delivery. The level of news preference was divided into the sense of speed, which is sort of a negative level, and the factors in terms of evaluation. And as the speed was getting faster, it induced the negative attitudes even in the evaluation elements such as the fluency, sense of intellect and the intimacy. Especially, the users exposed to the high reading rate of news delivery showed the very low level of preference, compared to the exposure to the common or slow speed. On the other hand, the slower the reading rate of news delivery, the higher preference to the news appeared, compared to the other level of speed. Finally, in case of the recipient's evaluation level of public trust for news, as the reading rate of news delivery was getting faster, the recipients gave more negative evaluation. As the reading rate of news delivery was getting slower, the user's evaluation level of public trust for news appeared to the most positive, anyway the user's evaluation level of public trust for news at the common reading rate of news delivery did not show big difference. However, the recipients exposed to the high reading rate of news delivery evaluated the news as remarkably low level of public trust, compared to the exposure to the low speed. In conclusion, it was identified that the reading rate of news delivery was functioning as the important explanatory variables for the public trust of news which is recognized by the users. This study might have the significance from the viewpoint that the change in the reading rate of news delivery in terms of time was examined and the consideration for users, the relationship with users and the environmental change in the broadcasting delivery were dealt with, on the assumption that the speed of speaking, as well as the efficiency aspects of the reading rate of news delivery, has the close relationship with the culture. And also it might have the significance from the viewpoint that the reason why the reading rate had the significance in the total communication process was refocused as the study on the level of performance, which had been neglected relatively in the studies about media or recipients