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Sunday Okon Elijah,Aniekan Imo Peter,Akpan Udo Ekanem,Innocent Asuquo Edagha 대한해부학회 2021 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.54 No.1
Estimation of body length has been achieved from the measurements of the scapular with relative accuracy by researches in recent times. This research hypothesized that the landmarks on the scapular and on the x-ray radiographs could be used to predict scapular length and elucidated the landmarks that best estimate the scapular length. A total of 600 scapulae and 600 anterior-posterior x-ray radiographs were used for the study. Positive correlation was observed between the measured variables and the scapular length with the males showing significantly higher mean length compared to females. The length of axillary boarder of the scapula was the best predictor of the scapular length. No significant difference (P>0.05) existed in the mean length derived from the scapular and the x-ray radiographs of scapular. We therefore conclude that measurements from the radiographs of scapular were as reliable in estimating scapular length as those from the scapular bones.
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가토의 두개안면골봉합선의 견고한 고정이 골성장에 미치는 영향
하성윤,한기환,강진성 大韓成形外科學會 1998 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.25 No.7
Plate and screw fixation has had a profound effect on the recent development of craniofacial surgery. Rigid fixation of the facial skeleton by using plate and screw has become routine in adults, many craniofacial surgeons have expanded its use to the pediatric patient. The effects of microplate and screw fixation on subsequent craniofacial growth, however, have not been qualified in infancy and childhood. Sixty white male rabbits, 4 weeks old and weighing 400 gm, were divided into 5 groups. Each group contains 12 rabbits. Group 1 was control and group 2 was sham. They operated periosteal elevation to the right of the midline over the nasal and frontal bone. Group 3: 2-hole microplate and screws were placed in the right nasofrontal suture. Group 4: 2-hole microplate and screws were placed in the right nasomaxillary suture. Group 5: microplates and screws were placed in the right nasofrontal and nasomaxillary suture. All rabbits were killed at 18 weeks postoperatively. We analyzed the changes in morphology to the result of differences in growth between the operated and unoperated group by direct osteometry on dry skull preparations, and the structures of the constrained suture were analysed under light microscopy. Periosteal elevation alone (sham group) showed no discenible change in the shape of craniofacial bone except localized periosteal thickening. Nasofrontal suture plating showed periosteal thickening and bony resorption around the plate, nasal flattening of plated side, an increase in the width of the nasal bone on the plated side, a slight nasal deviation (mean 2.0 degrees) to the plated side, and frontal displacement of microplate and screws. Nasomaxillary suture plating showed periosteal thickening and bony resorption around the plate, nasal flattening of plated side, a decrease in the width of the nasal bone on the plated side, and nasal displacement of microplate and screws. Nasofrontal and nasomaxillary suture plating showed periosteal thickening and bony resorption around the plate, nasal depression of plated side, a decrease in the width of the nasal bone on the plated side, a significant nasal deviation (mean 5.2 degrees) to the plated side, and frontal and nasal displacement of microplates and screws. The findings of this study show that the use of microplate and screw fixation of the growing craniofacial skeleton in the rabbit model leads to little evidence of localized growth retardation. But their use in the pediatric population should be viewed cautiously, because secondary growth disturbances can be produced with the use of these fixation devices. Careful observation of early and late growth is mandatory when microplates are used in the pediatric patient. It is recommended that the plates and screws are removed as soon as possible their bony union.
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Sex determination using humeral dimensions in a sample from KwaZulu-Natal: an osteometric study
Oluwatosin Olalekan Ogedengbe,Sunday Adelaja Ajayi,Omobola Aderibigbe Komolafe,Aung Khaing Zaw,Edwin Coleridge Stephen Naidu,Onyemaechi Okpara Azu 대한해부학회 2017 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.50 No.3
The morphological characteristics of the humeral bone has been investigated in recent times with studies showing varying degrees of sexual dimorphism. Osteologists and forensic scientists have shown that sex determination methods based on skeletal measurements are population specific, and these population-specific variations are present in many body dimensions. The present study aims to establish sex identification using osteometric standards for the humerus in a contemporary KwaZulu-Natal population. A total of 11 parameters were measured in a sample of n=211 humeri (males, 113; females, 98) from the osteological collection in the Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. The difference in means for nearly all variables were found to be significantly higher in males compared to females (P<0.01) with the most effective single parameter for predicting sex being the vertical head diameter having an accuracy of 82.5%. Stepwise discriminant analysis increased the overall accuracy rate to 87.7% when all measurements were jointly applied. We conclude that the humerus is an important bone which can be reliably used for sex determination based on standard metric methods despite minor tribal or ancestral differences amongst an otherwise homogenous population.
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