GC/MS를 이용한 사육수 중 유기염소계농약의 분석법 개발

최성길 ( Sung Gil Choi ),김종환 ( Jong Hwan Kim ),안지영 ( Ji Young An ),서종수 ( Jong Su Seo ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-

This study was conducted to develop the analytical method of 14 organochlorine pesticides (Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, g-chlordane, a-chlordane, p,p`-DDT, o,p`-DDT, p,p`-DDE, p,p`-DDD, Heptachlor, Heptachlor isomer-A, Heptachlor isomer-B, Mirex, Hexachlorobenzene)by GC/MS in dilution water applied tobioconcentration test.Pyrene-d10 was used as internal standard.From the full scan spectra of total ion chromatography (TIC), precursor ions of each 14 organochlorine pesticides were selected as Aldrin (m/z 263), Dieldrin (m/z 263), Endrin (m/z 263), g-chlordane (m/z 375), a-chlordane (m/z 375), p,p`-DDT (m/z 235), o,p`-DDT (m/z 235), p,p`-DDE (m/z 246), p,p`-DDD (m/z 235), Heptachlor (m/z 100), Heptachlor isomer-A (183), Heptachlor isomer-B (m/z 353), Mirex (m/z 272), Hexachlorobenzene (m/z 284). In recovery or linearity test, the 14 organochlorine pesticides and internal standard were added to 500 mL of water (HPLC grade) to be 0.01∼0.5 ng/mL and 20ng/mL, respectively and extracted with 50 mL of dichloromethane. The extraction process was performed with three repetition. The organic layer combined through the sodium sulfate was evaporated under reduced pressure just to dryness. The residue was dissolved with 5 mL of acetone and aliquot (1 μL) wasanalyzed with GC/MS-selected ion monitoring (SIM). The allcalibration curves showed the good linearity (>0.99) in the range of 1.0∼50.0 ng/mL. This method showed MLOQs (Method limit of quantitations)of 0.05 ng/mL for 14 organochlorine pesticides.This method could be used as a determination of 14 organochlorine pesticides in dilution water to conduct thebioconcentration test.

Progress in bioremediation of pesticide residues in the environment

Balendu Shekher Giri,Sachin Geed,Kumar Vikrant,이상수,김기현,Suresh Kumar Kailasa,Meththika Vithanage,Preeti Chaturvedi,Birendra Nath Rai,Ram Sharan Singh 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.6

The increasing use of various pesticides (e.g., organophosphate, organochlorine, carbamates, and pyrethroid) has helped to improve agricultural productivity by minimizing the potential crop losses associated with insect attacks. Owing to their highly recalcitrant nature, most pesticides and their residues often accumulate in the environment to exert deleterious effects on human health and various ecosystems. Among a variety of remediation options, biological approaches have attracted a widespread attention for the treatment of pesticide in soil/water systems due to their environmentally benign nature. In this regard, this review article was organized to highlight the recent advancements in the application of various bioremediation approaches for the degradation/removal of pesticides from soil/water matrixes along with the catabolic capacity of microorganisms. Our discussions were expanded further to emphasize identification of specific bacterial communities/strains, such as Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. This review is expected to provide an overview of the modern biotechnological methodologies along with the associated merits and hurdles for the effective abatement of pesticides.

Progress in bioremediation of pesticide residues in the environment

Balendu Shekher Giri,Sachin Geed,Kumar Vikrant,Sang Soo Lee,Ki-Hyun Kim,Suresh Kumar Kailasa,Meththika Vithanage,Preeti Chaturvedi,Birendra Nath Rai,Ram Sharan Singh 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.6

The increasing use of various pesticides (e.g., organophosphate, organochlorine, carbamates, and pyrethroid) has helped to improve agricultural productivity by minimizing the potential crop losses associated with insect attacks. Owing to their highly recalcitrant nature, most pesticides and their residues often accumulate in the environment to exert deleterious effects on human health and various ecosystems. Among a variety of remediation options, biological approaches have attracted a widespread attention for the treatment of pesticide in soil/water systems due to their environmentally benign nature. In this regard, this review article was organized to highlight the recent advancements in the application of various bioremediation approaches for the degradation/removal of pesticides from soil/water matrixes along with the catabolic capacity of microorganisms. Our discussions were expanded further to emphasize identification of specific bacterial communities/strains, such as Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. This review is expected to provide an overview of the modern biotechnological methodologies along with the associated merits and hurdles for the effective abatement of pesticides.

Occurrence and seasonal variation of organochlorine pesticides in selected vegetable farmlands in Lagos State, Nigeria

Fidelia Ijeoma Osuala,Olamide Florence Humphrey,Miriam Nwana Igwo-Ezikpe,Arnold Godfrey Udoh,Iyanuoluwa Adegbuyi,Mojeed Fasasi,Precious Agada,Azeemah Jimoh,Olufunke Okubamowo 환경독성보건학회 2024 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.39 No.2

Pest infestation in crop production have increased farmers interest in pesticides use with short and long term consequences. This study investigated the occurrence and seasonal variations of organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetable farms in selected areas of Lagos State. Non carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment was also evaluated. Soil samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons at soil depth of 0-30 cm. Gas chromatography coupled with an Agilent mass spectrometer was used to analyse organochlorine residues (alpha-lindane,lindane, delta.-lindane, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, alpha.-endosulfan, p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p-DDE), endrin, endosulfan, m,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (m,p-DDD), endosulfan sulfate, o,p-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p-DDT) and endrin ketone) in soil. Heptachlor epoxide showed maximum concentration of 43.03 mg/kg in Station 19 in Western zone during the dry season while m,p-DDD and endosulfan had minimum value of 0.004 mg/kg in Station 2 and Station 5 respectively during the wet season in the Far eastern zone. The concentrations of organochlorine residues were intermediate in the Eastern zone in both seasons. There was significant (p < 0.05) increase in dry season concentrations when compared to wet season. The risk assessment indicated Hazard Quotient (HQ) > 1 for non-cancer risk and cancer risk > 10-6. Thus a need for stringent monitoring programs for pesticides.

국내 논토양 및 밭토양 중 농약유래 잔류성유기오염물질의 노출량 평가

임성진,오영탁,노진호,김승용,주형곤,이민호,윤효인,최근형,류송희,박병준,Lim, Sung-Jin,Oh, Young-Tak,Ro, Jin-Ho,Kim, Seung-Yong,Joo, Hyeong-Gon,Lee, Min-Ho,Yoon, Hyo-In,Choi, Geun-Hyoung,Ryu, Song-Hee,Park, Byung-Jun 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회지 Vol.36 No.3

BACKGROUND:This study was conducted to investigate residual organochlorine pesticides (ROCPs) in agricultural soils and crops. Agricultural soil samples and crop samples were collected from 93 cities and counties. METHODS AND RESULTS: Extraction and clean-up for the quantitative analysis of ROCPs were conducted by the modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. Recovery and limit of detection (LOD) of ROCPs in agriculturalsoils and crops were 76.5-103.0 and 75.2-93.2%, 0.01-0.08 and $0.10-0.15{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. Detected ROCPs in agricultural soils were ${\alpha}$-endosulfan, ${\beta}$-endosulfan, and endosulfan sulfate, the residue were 2.0-12.0, 1.2-53.1, and $2.2-329.8{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. But these pesticides in all green perilla leaf and green pepper samples were not detected. CONCLUSION: These results showed that ROCPs residues in agricultural soils were not as high as crop safety threatening.

한국인 장기조직중 유기염소제류 농약의 분포

유영찬(Young Chan Yoo),이상기(Sang Ki Lee),이수연(Soo Yeun Lee),양자열(Ja Yeol Yang),인상환(Sang Whan In),김기욱(Ki Wook Kim),정규혁(Kyu Hyuck Chung) 대한약학회 2001 약학회지 Vol.45 No.4

Persistent organochlorine pesticides has been used intensively in agriculture for a long time. The occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environment and subsequently in parts of the food chains, results in the intake of these compounds by human and animal. The measurement of the levels of organochlorine pesticides in tissues or blood of human populations is a good marker in evaluating the extent of exposure and hazards. So, most countries have conducted initial monitoring programs to determine organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human tissues. But, in Korea, a few research has been reported. In this study the legally prohibited organochlorines, such as, α-BHC, β-BHC, γ-BHC, δ-BHC, p,p'-DDT p,p'-DDD, p,p'-ODE, endrin, dieldrin and aldrin were determined in human blood, brain, adipose tissue, kidney cortex and liver tissues collected at autopsy of 10 men and 10 women, 16-65 years of age. Almost all the organochlorine pesticides mentioned previously were determined in human tissue samples indicated that they have been widely distributed in Korean human body: No significant difference was found in the levels of organochlorine pesticides between sexes, districts and ages.

경북지역 인삼 중 유기염소계 농약의 다성분 분석

박문기,김정호 한국환경과학회 2005 한국환경과학회지 Vol.14 No.2

To obtain the residual organochlorine pesticides in the ginseng, the methods of multi-analysis for BHC's isomer, DDT's isomer and other organochlorine pesticides by GC-ECD are surveyed. The relative retention time for α-BHC, βBHC, δ-BHC and γ-BHC is 1.000, 1.025, 1.034 and 1.056, respectively. The relative retention time for o,p-DDE, p,p-DDE, o,o-DDD, o,p-DDT, o,p-DDD, and p,p-DDT is 1.199, 1.230, 1.242, 1.286, 1.329 and 1.333, respectively. The BHC isomers, DDT's isomer and other organochlorine pesticides are separated with multi-analysis condition. The qualified defection concentration for a-BHC, Quintozene, Aldrin, Captan, a-Endosulfan, and Dieldrin is 0.95ng/g, 0.27ng/g, 1.04ng/g, 0.63ng/g, 0.55ng/g and 0.62ng/g, respectively. The qualified defection concentration for Fenhexamid, Endrin, βEndosulfan, o,p-DDT, Endosulfan-sulfate is 5.71ng/g, 0.61ng/g, 0.48ng/g, 0.44ng/g and 0.5ing/g, respectively. BHC, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin and DDT, which were Korea Food & Drug Administration advisory pesticides, are not detected in soil environment. Also it's residual organochlorine pesticides are not polluted in the ginseng on Sangju Korea.

수삼과 홍삼농축액 중 유기인계와 유기염소계 농약의 잔류

김정호 ( Jung Ho Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2007 한국환경농학회지 Vol.26 No.4

To obtain the data on the risk assessment of residue levels of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fresh ginseng and red ginseng extract, the residual pesticides in samples are surveyed with GC-NPD and GC-ECD for quantitative analysis and GC-MSD for qualitative analysis. The residual organophosphorus pesticides, such as diazinon, pyrimethanil, tolclofos-methyl, metalaxyl, diethofencarb, parathion, cyprodinil, tolylfluanid and kresoxim-methyl, are not detected in fresh ginseng from Punggi. The residual organophosphorus pesticides except tolclofos-methyl are not detected in fresh ginseng from Sangju. Average amount of tolclofos-methyl in fresh ginseng from Sangju are 0.054±0.008 mg/kg, representing 18±2% of MRL of 0.03 mg/kg on fresh ginseng in Korea. The residual organochlorine pesticides, such as BHC isomer, DDT isomer, aldrin, azoxystrobin, captan, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, dieldrin, difenoconazole, endosulfan-sulfate, endrin, fenhexamid, quintozene, α-endosulfan and β-endosulfan, are not detected in fresh ginseng from Punggi and Sangju. The residual organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in red ginseng extract from Punggi and Sangju are not detected.

GC-ECD를 이용한 유기염소계 및 Pyrethroid계 농약 동시 분석법

김우성,이선화,김재이,정지윤,이명자,박영채,이영자,정성욱,이봉헌,박흥재 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Pesticides were extracted from samples with 70% acetone and methylene chloride in order, and then cleaned up via open-column chromatography apparatus packed with florisil, and finally analyzed simultaneously the organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides using GC(ECD). An ultra-2 fused silica capillary column was used to separate and identify the products. The resolution between the last isomeric peak of cypermethrin(59.987min) and the first isomeric peak of flucythrinate(60.043min) was not satisfactory. The last isomeric peak of fenvalerate(62.344min) and the first isomeric peak of fluvalinate(62.397min) were overlapped. Recoveries of soybean sample for the most pesticides were 73.3% to 102.4%. Detection limits were between 0.004 and 0.063 ㎍/㎎ when this method was used.

Association of brain heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with lewy pathology

Ross, G. Webster,Abbott, Robert D.,Petrovitch, Helen,Duda, John E.,Tanner, Caroline M.,Zarow, Chris,Uyehara‐,Lock, Jane H.,Masaki, Kamal H.,Launer, Lenore J.,Studabaker, William B.,White, Lon R. John Wiley Sons, Inc. 2019 Movement disorders Vol.34 No.2

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Organochlorine pesticides are associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. A preliminary analysis from the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study suggested that heptachlor epoxide, a metabolite from an organochlorine pesticide extensively used in Hawaii, may be especially important. This was a cross sectional analysis to evaluate the association of heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with Lewy pathology in an expanded survey of brain organochlorine residues from the longitudinal Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Organochlorines were measured in frozen occipital or temporal lobes in 705 brains using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Lewy pathology was identified using hematoxylin and eosin‐ and α‐synuclein immunochemistry‐stained sections from multiple brain regions.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The prevalence of Lewy pathology was nearly doubled in the presence versus the absence of heptachlor epoxide (30.1% versus 16.3%, <I>P</I> < 0.001). Although associations with other compounds were weaker, hexachlorobenzene (<I>P</I> = 0.003) and α‐chlordane (<I>P</I> = 0.007) were also related to Lewy pathology. Most of the latter associations, however, were a result of confounding from heptachlor epoxide. Neither compound was significantly related to Lewy pathology after adjustment for heptachlor epoxide. In contrast, the association of heptachlor epoxide with Lewy pathology remained significant after adjustments for hexachlorobenzene (<I>P</I> = 0.013) or α‐chlordane (<I>P</I> = 0.005). Findings were unchanged after removal of cases of PD and adjustment for age and other characteristics.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Organochlorine pesticides are associated with the presence of Lewy pathology in the brain, even after exclusion of PD cases. Although most of the association is through heptachlor epoxide, the role of other organochlorine compounds is in need of clarification. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society</P>