Open Source를 이용한 MicroPACS의 구성과 활용

유연욱,김용근,김영석,원우재,김태성,김석기,You, Yeon-Wook,Kim, Yong-Keun,Kim, Yeong-Seok,Won, Woo-Jae,Kim, Tae-Sung,Kim, Seok-Ki 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.1

목적 : Small-scalled PACS, Pc-based PACS로 표현되는 MicroPACS 시스템 구축에 대한 관심도가 급격하게 증가하고 있는 추세이다. MicroPACS 시스템은 PACS를 작은 규모에서 사용할 수 있도록 구성해놓은 것이고, 이 시스템을 구성하기 위해서는 DICOM viewer나 연결프로그램 등이 필요하다. 이것은 공개소스프로그램(Open Source Program)을 통해서 어느 누구나 쉽게 무료로 다운로드를 받을 수 있게 되어있다. 본 논문은 Open source program으로 MicroPACS를 직접 구성해보았고, 저장매체로서의 활용가치를 측정하기위하여 성능, 안정성 측면에서 기존의 광 저장매체(CD, DVDRAM)와 비교 분석하였다. 실험재료 및 방법 : 1. 소형 PACS를 구축하기 위해서 먼저 다음 기준에 맞는 DICOM Server Software를 검색한다. (1) 윈도우체제에서 사용가능할 것. (2) Free ware일 것. (3) PET/CT scanner와 호환되어야 할 것. (4) 사용하기 쉬워야 할 것. (5) 저장의 한계가 없어야 할 것. 2. (1) MicroPACS의 성능을 평가하기 위해 환자 1명의 Data ($^{18}F$-FDG Torso PET/CT)를 현재 Back-up장치로 쓰이는 광 저장매체(CD, DVD-RAM)와 MicroPACS에 저장하는데 소요되는 시간(Back up time)과 workstation으로 복구되기까지의 시간(Retrieval time)을 비교해 보았다. (2) PET/CT 검사를 시행했던 환자 1명의 병록번호와 검사 시행날짜를 핵의학과 직원 7명을 대상으로 알려주고 Data를 찾는데 소요되는 시간을 MicroPACS와 광 저장매체(CD, DVD-RAM)에서 각각 측정하여 비교하였다. 3. 기존의 백업장치로 쓰였던 CD들 중에서 2004년부터 2006년까지 500장을 무작위로 뽑아서 loading을 하였고 그중에서 얼마만큼의 에러가 발생하였는지를 측정하여 MicroPACS의 안정성을 비교평가하였다. 결과 : 1. Server와 DICOM viewer 기능을 갖춘 11개의 open source software 중에서 Conquest DICOM Server를 선택하였다. 2. (1) Backup과 Retrieval 시간 비교(단위 : 분)는 다음과 같다; DVD-RAM(5.13,2.26)/Conquest DICOM Server (1.49,1.19) by GE DSTE (p<0.001), CD (6.12,3.61)/Conquest (0.82,2.23) by GE DLS (p<0.001), CD (5.88,3.25)/Conquest (1.05,2.06) by SIEMENS. (2) CD ($156{\pm}46$초), DVD-RAM ($115{\pm}21$초) and Conquest DICOM Server ($13{\pm}6$초). 3. 1년간 MicroPACS에서의 데이터손실은 없었으며(0%), 500장의 CD 중에서 14개(2.8%)가 Loading하는데 실패하였다. 결론 : 현재 많은 병원에서 도입되고 있는 Full PACS를 open source software를 통하여 소규모의 PACS로 재현해 보았고, 그 결과 가능하다는 결론이 나왔다. 데이터 저장의 유용성을 평가한 결과에서 MicroPACS를 이용하는 것이 기존의 광저장매체를 사용하는 것보다 효율적이고 작업속도가 향상 된다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. Purpose: Recently, most hospitals are introducing the PACS system and use of the system continues to expand. But small-scaled PACS called MicroPACS has already been in use through open source programs. The aim of this study is to prove utility of operating a MicroPACS, as a substitute back-up device for conventional storage media like CDs and DVDs, in addition to the full-PACS already in use. This study contains the way of setting up a MicroPACS with open source programs and assessment of its storage capability, stability, compatibility and performance of operations such as "retrieve", "query". Materials and Methods: 1. To start with, we searched open source software to correspond with the following standards to establish MicroPACS, (1) It must be available in Windows Operating System. (2) It must be free ware. (3) It must be compatible with PET/CT scanner. (4) It must be easy to use. (5) It must not be limited of storage capacity. (6) It must have DICOM supporting. 2. (1) To evaluate availability of data storage, we compared the time spent to back up data in the open source software with the optical discs (CDs and DVD-RAMs), and we also compared the time needed to retrieve data with the system and with optical discs respectively. (2) To estimate work efficiency, we measured the time spent to find data in CDs, DVD-RAMs and MicroPACS. 7 technologists participated in this study. 3. In order to evaluate stability of the software, we examined whether there is a data loss during the system is maintained for a year. Comparison object; How many errors occurred in randomly selected data of 500 CDs. Result: 1. We chose the Conquest DICOM Server among 11 open source software used MySQL as a database management system. 2. (1) Comparison of back up and retrieval time (min) showed the result of the following: DVD-RAM (5.13,2.26)/Conquest DICOM Server (1.49,1.19) by GE DSTE (p<0.001), CD (6.12,3.61)/Conquest (0.82,2.23) by GE DLS (p<0.001), CD (5.88,3.25)/Conquest (1.05,2.06) by SIEMENS. (2) The wasted time (sec) to find some data is as follows: CD ($156{\pm}46$), DVD-RAM ($115{\pm}21$) and Conquest DICOM Server ($13{\pm}6$). 3. There was no data loss (0%) for a year and it was stored 12741 PET/CT studies in 1.81 TB memory. In case of CDs, On the other hand, 14 errors among 500 CDs (2.8%) is generated. Conclusions: We found that MicroPACS could be set up with the open source software and its performance was excellent. The system built with open source proved more efficient and more robust than back-up process using CDs or DVD-RAMs. We believe that the operation of the MicroPACS would be effective data storage device as long as its operators develop and systematize it.

A Study on Career Analysis Technique of Open Source Developers with Focus on GitHub Case

Se-Jeong Park,Kook-Hyun Choi,Jong-Bae Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.6

Contributing to open-source is not simply modifying and correcting the source code. All the acts that help open-source SW developer are contributors to open-source. Therefore, the method that open-source developer can contribute to open-source through community is classified in various ways. This includes reporting of errors, writing of comments, and participating in documentation. Those who give helps to open-source are called ‘Contributor’, and those who are authorized for modifying and adjusting the source cord are called ‘Committer’. In popular projects, 2~3 years of working is required to become a contributor. This experience in open-source community gives much help in accumulating the career of developer. However, in case of open-source community, it‘s hard to find if developers like a contributor or a committer, contributed to the project because they do not grasp at a glance how much you have contributed to the project. Hence, this thesis calculated the scores in accordance with the evaluation formula of open source developers after collecting the data thereof from GitHub that was one of the open source websites. Through this course they will contribute to providing of objective data that shows career of open-source developers at a glance.

The Role of Open Source Software to Create Digital Libraries and Standards Assessment

ALbeladi, Salmah Salem International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.7

Open-source software developments are basically Internet-based communities that voluntarily collaborate in developing software on the Internet and such Internet communities have become an important cultural and economic phenomenon. As a result, the emergence of open-source software has presented a challenge to the traditional offerings by providing free alternatives. The objective of this article is to review the possibility of the adoption of open source software in the creation of digital libraries, highlights advantages and disadvantage preservations. Among our objective also explaining the request of such software at the present time and the criteria evaluated in the digital preservation through surveying the best open source software from the reality of intellectual production, and standards that are being built to evaluate and choose what software to create a digital library without other software available. To achieve the above objectives, we shed the light on the top 11 open-source software to manage Libraries in addition to standards that may represent the basic building block for the selection of the appropriate systems to the needs of the digital library. This article relied on the descriptive approach by reviewing a series of studies and scientific research works related to the subject of the current study. Accordingly, the most prominent of the findings of this work is its illustration of the close association between open source software and the library community, both of which represent free culture. Also it is shown that the selection process of open source software has some obstacles most notably as there are no clear and reliable criteria for selecting these systems. Current study has concluded a set of recommendations, notably awareness of the role and importance of open source software and the facilities it provides in managing digital content.

공간정보 오픈소스 활용 설문조사에 따른 현황 분석

유희영 ( Hee Young Yoo ),이기원 ( Ki Won Lee ),이광재 ( Kwang Jae Lee ),김용승 ( Yong Seung Kim ) 한국지리정보학회 2013 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.16 No.4

As open source can reduce costs and apply to various fields rapidly, many countries have actively adopted open source. However, geo-spatial open source in Korea is not actively promoted yet comparing to other countries having similar infra environments. In this study, we analyzed the perception of geo-spatial open source, utilization status, the development possibility and future direction using questionnaire survey completed by experts dealing with spatial information. The survey result shows that many experts have experiences of using geo-spatial open source but they got a lack of understanding about open source license or regulations and only a few people got professional training. Insufficient references, the difficulty of maintenance, lack of support and low technical reliability have hindered the adoption of geo-spatial open source. Only some part of geo-spatial open source software or libraries in some field have been used in the country. However, many researchers rate highly development potential and plan to use geo-spatial open source soon. If user`s convenience, reference materials, technical trust and policy support are improved, open source field for spatial information will be developed greatly in the future.

국방 AI 개발 활성화를 위한 군 R&D Open Source Platform 구축 필요성

이상근,장상국 광운대학교 방위사업연구소 2022 선진국방연구 Vol.5 No.3

Nations with advanced military capabilities are now focusing on developing AI algorithms for weapon system intellectualization development to retain their dominance. However, such endeavors are expensive in terms of time, effort, and resources, so it is necessary to develop it using open source to expand sharing and cooperation with industry–academic–government research and development collaboration. This study is aimed at elaborating the need for adoption of it and suggesting future implementation and improvement of open source SW in military despite the negative impact of security vulnerabilities when applied to the military weapon system. For this, the present study was design to investigate the benefit (intercommunity and cooperation) and harm (military sovereignty and technology vulnerability) of this open source platform through analysis of domestic and international case with defense area. The results of the study indicate that establishing an appropriate platform can help secure military sovereignty and prevent technology subordination, increase the efficiency of AI R&D, ensure collaboration and connectivity between weapons systems, and strengthen software security. 군사 선진국은 AI 기반의 무기체계 지능화를 위해 국방 AI Algorithm 개발에 주력하고 있다. 그러나 무기체계에 AI를 접목하기 위한 Algorithm 개발은 많은 시간과 노력, 예산이 소요되므로 산⋅학⋅연과 공유⋅협업을 확대하기 위한 Open Source를 활용한 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 Open Source SW의 군 무기체계에 적용 시 보안 취약점의 부정적 영향에도 군 활용의 필요성을 제기하고, 활용⋅개선 방안을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위해 국내외 및 국방 분야의 오픈 소스 플랫폼(Open Source Platform) 활용에 관한 사례분석을 중심으로 Open Source의 개방형 공유와 협업의 긍정적 측면과 기술 종속화와 보안 취약점 노출의 부정적 측면에서 시사점을 도출하였다. 이런 결과를 토대로 우리 군의 군사주권 확보 및 기술 종속화 방지, AI 연구개발의 효율성 증대, 무기체계간 협업과 연결성 보장, SW의 보안성 강화를 위해 Open Source Platform 구축의 필요성을 제기하였다. 또한, Open Source Platform의 역할과 운용 및 Source Code 관리 차원에서 정책적 발전 방향과 후속연구 제언을 제시하였다.

소프트웨어계약과 라이센스약관의 유효성

최광준 경희대학교 법학연구소 2009 경희법학 Vol.44 No.1

The authorities of the United States are inclined to hold at leat shrink-wrap and click-wrap licenses enforceable. This has effect to the other part of the world. Most countries are likely to accept the terms provided by the form of shrink-wrap or click-wrap. This has also apparent influence on today's digital world. While ProCD and Gateway 2000 seem closely related and addressed contractual issues within the scope of software licenses and hardware warranties. Wallace addressed the GPL and antitrust concerns. Crucially, the progress of open source software would have been greatly hindered without the viable use of click-wrap agreements, a close derivative of the ProCD shrink-wrap license. In short, were it not for ProCD, and the re-affirmation, Wallace may not have required the attention of the court: open source's immovative licensing model would have been too difficult to administer without click-wrap licensing. If open source developers could not efficiently, through the use of a click-wrap license, require future improvements to be shared and integrated with the software, the open source model would not be effective. There likely would not exist the community contributions that have, in many cases, allowed open source software to evolve into a viable alternative to commercial software. Indeed, the themes of law and economics run through ProCD, Gateway 2000, and Wallace. Shrink-wrap and click-wrap licenses reduce transaction costs and make markets more efficient. The Gateway 2000 warranty also reduces transaction costs and leads to market efficiency. Finally, the GPL enables open source software to compete head on with commercial software, with the rivalry working to the benefit of consumers. The authorities of the United States are inclined to hold at leat shrink-wrap and click-wrap licenses enforceable. This has effect to the other part of the world. Most countries are likely to accept the terms provided by the form of shrink-wrap or click-wrap. This has also apparent influence on today's digital world. While ProCD and Gateway 2000 seem closely related and addressed contractual issues within the scope of software licenses and hardware warranties. Wallace addressed the GPL and antitrust concerns. Crucially, the progress of open source software would have been greatly hindered without the viable use of click-wrap agreements, a close derivative of the ProCD shrink-wrap license. In short, were it not for ProCD, and the re-affirmation, Wallace may not have required the attention of the court: open source's immovative licensing model would have been too difficult to administer without click-wrap licensing. If open source developers could not efficiently, through the use of a click-wrap license, require future improvements to be shared and integrated with the software, the open source model would not be effective. There likely would not exist the community contributions that have, in many cases, allowed open source software to evolve into a viable alternative to commercial software. Indeed, the themes of law and economics run through ProCD, Gateway 2000, and Wallace. Shrink-wrap and click-wrap licenses reduce transaction costs and make markets more efficient. The Gateway 2000 warranty also reduces transaction costs and leads to market efficiency. Finally, the GPL enables open source software to compete head on with commercial software, with the rivalry working to the benefit of consumers.

벤치마크 테스트를 통한 공개소프트웨어 검증 절차에 관한 연구

김두연(Doo Yeon Kim),류성열(Sung-Yul Rhew) 한국IT서비스학회 2006 한국IT서비스학회지 Vol.5 No.3

  Public institutions are considering adoption of open-source software in the process of information projects. However, there doesn"t exist reliable information about an adoption process for open-source software. Performance and stability problems of this software also persist, as a result, current open-source software is not widely used. As a software market and industry grows, Benchmark test has been performed more often than before in order to help customers understand and select the most appropriate product among myriad similar ones. It is certain that more objective and trustful data evidence should be obtained by way of utilizing the procedures and methods of Benchmark Test in decision making process for selecting an open-source software.<BR>  For this research, Benchmark test was applied as a way of demonstrating performance verification of an open-source software in the public institutions. It is certain that more objective and trustful data evidence should be obtained by way of utilizing the procedures and methods of Benchmark Test in decision making process for selecting an open-source software. It also introduces a case study of a information system, which selected and implemented open-source software, in order to confirm the validity of this research. This research will serve as a guideline to adopt open-source software in governments as well as public institutions.

The Exploratory Research on the Evaluation model of Open-Source Software Company Service Level

Seung Chang Lee,Eung Kyo Suh,Hoon-Sung Park 한국유통과학회 2017 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2017 No.-

Open Source Software(OSS) has been used mainly in Server market, In recent years, various sectors in IT are discussing the importance of its usage. Despite its increasing advantage worldwide, domestic companies and public areas are inhibiting the usage of open source software due to a lack of reliable information for public domain. So, the purpose of this research is to propose evaluation framework for open source software service companies based on general corporate valuation model. The evaluation model is composed of three factors. First, enterprise service level of Open source software is divided by Service Area, Service domain and Service Activity. Second, technical reference model of Open source software is divided by Service Area, Open source software technical Domain, Technical Sub-Domain, Open Source Software Name. Third, index of evaluation level is divided by evaluation group, evaluation domain and evaluation item.

소프트시스템 모델 방법론을 통해 진단한 국내 공개 SW 산업의 문제점과 정책전략 연구

강송희,심동녘,백필호 한국전자거래학회 2015 한국전자거래학회지 Vol.20 No.4

본 논문의 목적은 공개 SW 생태계에 대한 정책적 함의 및 핵심 과제 도출을 위하여 소프트시스템 모델(Soft System Model) 방법론을 도입하여 국내 공개 SW 생태계 시스템을 분석하고이를 토대로 공공부문의 바람직한 공개 SW 생태계 구축을 위한 전략적 시사점을 도출하고자한다. 지식기반사회에서 정보통신기술은 경제를 움직이게 만드는 핵심 동력의 역할을 수행하고있으며, 최근에는 그 중심이 하드웨어에서 소프트웨어로 이동하고 있다. 이렇듯 지식과 기술을중심으로 한 소프트웨어 중심사회에서는 지식과 기술의 축적을 통한 부가가치의 창출이 체증하는한계 수익 체증 현상이 나타난다. 특히 소프트웨어 중심사회를 구성하는 한 축인, 공개 SW는다양한 사람들이 지식을 공유하며 축적해 나가고 이를 통해 개발이 이루어진다는 점에서 새로운국가 성장의 도구로 적절하다고 할 수 있다. 공개 SW가 개발자들의 자발적인 참여로 발전해나가는 특징을 가진 만큼, 이를 관리하고 보상하는 생태계를 만들기 위해서 정부의 적극적인지원과 관심이 필요하다. 따라서 정부가 공개 SW 기반의 소프트웨어 생태계를 만들기 위해어떠한 정책적 방향을 제시해야 하는지를 알아보기 위해 소프트 시스템 모델 방법론을 도입하여공개 SW 생태계 시스템에 대하여 분석하였다. In knowledge based society, information technology (IT) has been playing a key role in economic growth. In recent years, it is surprisingly notable that the source of value creation moved from hardware to software in IT industry. Especially, among many kinds of software products, the economic potential of open source was realized by many government agencies. Open source means software codes made by voluntary and open participation of worldwide IT developers, and many policies to promote open source activities were implemented for the purpose of fast growth in IT industry. But in many cases, especially in Korea, the policies promoting open source industry and its ecosystem were not considered successful. Therefore, this study provides the practical reasons for the low performance of Korean open source industry and suggests the pragmatic requisites for effective open source policy. For this purpose, this study applies soft system model (SSM) which is frequently used in academy and industry as a methodology for problem-solving and we link the problems with corresponding policy solutions based on SSM. Given concerns which Korean open source faces now, this study suggests needs for the three different kinds of government policies promoting multiple dimensions of industry: research and development (R&D)-side, supply-side, and computing environment-side. The implications suggested by this research will contribute to implement the practical policy solutions to boost open source industry in Korea.

Defining Open Standards

Lawrence Rosen 한국정보법학회 2006 정보법학 Vol.10 No.1

자유 소프트웨어 및 오픈소스 소프트웨어는 개방된 표준의 기초에 따라 결정된다. 그러나 이같은 용어들은 무엇을 의미하는가? 표준제정기관들이 자신들의 절차나 사양(스펙)이 개방된 것이라고 약속하지만, 이것은 스펙이 이용료 등 여러 장애를 받지 않고 오픈소스 소프트웨어나 사유 소프트웨어에서 자유로이 이행될 수 있다는 것을 의미하는가? 소프트웨어 커뮤니티는 이미 오픈소스를 정의하고 이를 수용하고 있다. 우리의 개방된 표준이라는 기초를 굳건히 해야 할 시간이 되었다. 이 논문은 누구든지 사유 소프트웨어나 오픈소스 소프트웨어에 있어서 개방된 표준을 자유로이 이행할 수 있어야 하고, 개방된 표준이 사용권자로 하여금 표준에 대한 특허청구범위 해석에 대하여 동일한 조건으로 부담할 것을 요구하는 합리적인 상호적 이용허락에 따라 제공되어야 하며, 개방된 표준이 누구에게든지 이용료를 지급하지 않는 조건에 따라 이용될 수 있어야 하며, 개방된 표준이 공동의, 균형잡힌, 총의에 바탕을 둔 승인절차에 따라 개발되어야 한다고 주장하였다. Free and open source software rests on a foundation of open standards. But what does that term really mean? When standards organizations promise that their processes and specifications are open, do they mean that the specification can be freely implemented in both open source and proprietary software without royalties or other encumbrances? The software community has already defined and embraced open source. It is time to firm up our open standards foundation. This Paper argues that Everyone should be free to implement open standards in both proprietary and open source software, that open standards should be made available under reasonable reciprocal licenses that require licensees to share under the same terms their own patent claims reading on the standard, that open standards should be available to everyone on royalty-free terms, and that open standards should be developed using a collaborative, balanced and consensus-based approval process.