올림픽 문화프로그램의 구성과 특성 분석 - 1988 서울올림픽과 2018 평창동계올림픽을 중심으로 -

이지연(Ji-Yeon Lee),손정우(Jeung-Woo Son) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2021 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 1988 서울올림픽과 2018 평창동계올림픽의 문화프로그램의 구성과 특성을 분석하는데 있다. 연구방법으로는 문헌연구방법을 통해 역대 올림픽대회의 문화올림픽의 발전상과 개최국의 문화올림픽 사례를 고찰하였고, 1988 서울올림픽과 2018 평창동계올림픽의 문화프로그램의 구성과 특성을 다양하게 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 1992 바르셀로나올림픽에서는 문화프로그램 개념이 심화 · 발전되었으며, 2010 밴쿠버올림픽을 계기로 IOC는 문화올림픽 가이드를 발간하였고, 2012 런던올림픽을 통해 문화올림픽 가이드를 개정하였다. 둘째, 1988 서울올림픽과 2018 평창동계올림픽의 문화프로그램은 개최국과 개최도시 이미지 변화와 위상 및 국제적 교류 제고의 특성을 나타내었다. 셋째, 문화프로그램에서 1988 서울올림픽은 문화예술축전 속에 경축, 공연, 전시행사, 그리고 국제학술대회 등으로 구성되었고, 2018 평창동계올림픽은 공연, 전시, 축제, 인문 및 체험, 교육행사 등으로 구성되었다. 넷째, 1988 서울올림픽은 전통과 현대의 조화와 한국의 전통문화의 우수성 홍보 및 공감대 확산 그리고 각 지역의 다양한 문화예술의 특징을 골고루 갖춘 프로그램의 구성이 핵심요소였다. 또한 2018 평창동계올림픽은 문화올림픽을 체계적으로 추진하기 위해 ‘날마다 문화가 있는, 도민이 참여하는, 문화유산으로 남는 올림픽’을 전략적으로 추진하였다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the compositions and characteristics in cultural programs of the 1988 Seoul Olympics and the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. A research method was considered the developmental aspects of Cultural Olympics in all-time Olympic Games and the cases of Cultural Olympics in a host country through a documentary research method. The compositions and characteristics in cultural programs of the 1988 Seoul Olympics and the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games were diversely analyzed. The results are as follows. First, a concept of a cultural program was deepened and developed at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. In the wake of the 2010 Vancouver Olympics, IOC published the Cultural Olympic Guide. Through the 2012 London Olympics, the Cultural Olympic Guide was revised. Second, the cultural programs of the 1988 Seoul Olympics and the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games showed the characteristics of image change & status and of the international exchange strengthening in a host country and a holding city. Third, in terms of cultural programs, the 1988 Seoul Olympics comprised the celebrations, performances & exhibitions amid the Culture and Arts Festival, and the International Academic Conference. The 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games were composed of performances, exhibitions, festivals, humanities & experience, and educational events. Fourth, the 1988 Seoul Olympics included the key element of forming a program that equally has the characteristics with the harmony between tradition and modernity, with the promotion of the excellence in Korean traditional culture & the spread in a bond of sympathy, and with various cultures and arts in each region. Also, the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games pushed ahead with the strategy dubbed ‘The Olympics in which there is culture day after day, in which provincial residents participate, and in which the cultural heritage is left’ in order to systematically expedite the cultural Olympics.

2020년 도쿄 올림픽과 아베의 올림픽: 부흥 올림픽, 헌법 개정 그리고 올림픽 연기

윤석정 서울대학교 일본연구소 2020 일본비평 Vol.- No.23

The purpose of this article is to analyze the political use of the Tokyo Olympics 2020 by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, focusing on Abe’s Olympics as recovery Olympics ideology and constitutional amendment issue. Also, the paper will cover the postponement of Olympics due to the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of Abe’s Olympics. This paper focused on three points. First, for Abe, the recovery Olympics was not a creation of his own, but a medium to intervene in the Olympics. Abe started as a member of Olympics invitation team, which was led by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, and began to develop his own Olympics by gradually taking the initiative of the Olympics as an agent for recovery Olympics Second, Abe made 2020 the year of the Tokyo Olympics as the year to complete the revision of the constitution. For Abe, Tokyo Olympics 1964 was a stage to feel the national pride and sense of unity, hence nationalism, that Japan was rising as a great power. With these memories, Abe wanted to use the energy of nationalism raised after 2020 Olympic games as the force for the constitutional amendment, and that is how Tokyo Olympics 2020 became involved in Japan’s constitutional amendment politics. Third, Abe had prioritized his political schedule in the process of postponing the Olympics in the face of pandemic. Abe was uncertain when Covid-19 crisis would end, but he pushed for a one-year postponement to hold the Olympics within his tenure, which expires in September 2021.

근대올림픽 패러다임의 전환

이학준 중앙대학교 학교체육연구소 2018 Asian Journal of Physical Education of Sport Scien Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of the study is to explore shift in paradigm of the modern Olympic. The method of study was a literature study that analyzed the literature related to modern Olympics. The modern Olympic Games were started in 1896 by Coubertin and lasted for 100 years from the first Athens Olympics to the 2016 Brazil Rio Olympics. The modern Olympic Games have been suspended three times due to World War I and II. Nevertheless, until recently, the Olympics have been held continuously once every four years. The modern Olympic Games have various problems, but they will continue to be held in that they are considered the best festival of mankind. The modern Olympic Games are a revival of the ancient Olympics and are aiming for peace and reconciliation. Countries from all over the world have participated and enjoyed the human festival through reconciliation, peace and coexistence. The modern Olympic Games have been led by various logic. If you look at the landscape map, you will see the Peace Olympics, the Political Olympics, the Economic Olympics, and the Environmental Olympics. It can be predicted that paradigm will change due to ICT Olympics that were recently shown at Pyeongchang Olympics. 이 연구의 목적은 근대올림픽 패러다임의 전환을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법은 근대올림픽 관련 문헌을 분 석하는 문헌연구를 하다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선, 근대올림픽은 쿠베르탱에 의해서, 1896년 제1회 아 테네 올림픽을 시작으로 2016년 브라질 리우올림픽까지 100년 이상 올림픽이 지속하다. 그동안 근대 올림 픽은 1차, 2차 세계대전으로 3회 중단된 적이 있었다. 그런데도 최근까지 올림픽은 지속해서 4년에 한 번 개 최하고 있다. 근대올림픽은 다양한 문제점을 가지고 있지만, 인류 최고의 축제로 인정받고 있다는 점에서 지 속해서 올림픽은 개최될 정당성을 가지고 있다. 근대올림픽은 고대올림픽을 부활한 것으로 평화로운 세계건 설을 목표하고 있다. 세계 모든 국가가 참여하여 화해, 평화, 공존, 공을 위한 인류의 축제를 즐겨왔다. 근 대올림픽 패러다임의 변화는 개최 당시 올림픽의 역사적 배경과 핵심 가치의 향으로 평화올림픽, 정치올 림픽, 경제올림픽, 환경올림픽 순으로 변화되어 왔다. 최근 평창올림픽에서 경험한 ICT 올림픽은 새로운 패 러다임의 전환을 예견할 수 있게 한다.

일본의 문학자들이 기록한 1964년 도쿄올림픽

김옥희 명지대학교(서울캠퍼스) 인문과학연구소 2017 인문과학연구논총 Vol.38 No.1

Tokyo Olympics in 1964 was meaningful considering that it was a nationwide Olympics held about 20 years after the end of the World War ll. Japanese literary writers had left exemplary quantity of records showing the greatest interest in the Olympics since it was held in their country. Even called ‘the Olympics of ink brush’, the writers competitively wrote numerous articles. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to verify the meaning and the value of 1964 Tokyo Olympics based on their writings. To begin with, the first section as a prologue is looking at the relations between the city of Tokyo and the Olympics. Tokyo had been selected for the Olympics three times including the 1940 Olympics when Japan gave up holding the event because of the war. It is very rare to find a city that has this much frequent connection to the Olympics. Thus, the bond between the city and the Olympics is investigated in the paper, followed by the research focusing on contributions of literary writers on the Olympics, mainly based on the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Next, the ‘Missing Olympics’ in 1940 is scrutinized in the second section. The process of planning the 1940 Olympics purposely to celebrate the 2600th year since the birth of the country and giving up holding the event is depicted as well as its effect on Japanese citizens. As a result, it was found why a number of Japanese reminded of the ‘Missing Olympics’ in 1940 which naturally reminded the World War ll during the 1964 Olympics. The objectives of the third section is to analyze different scenes of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics by looking at relevant writings and categorizing them into the opening ceremony, the game and the closing ceremony. Two literary writers were selected to be compared among many writers since the two took opposite directions to one another. In other words, it was verified that Mishima Yukio, who was an extreme nationalist advocating the society ruled by Emperor, had a clearly distinguished view from that of Oe Kenzaburo, who denied the Emperor Government and advocated for the world piece, from the way they described the Emperor to their perspectives on the Olympics. Furthermore, the fourth section is written to investigate the writers who participated in the film Tokyo Olympiad, a documentary film for the Tokyo Olympics. This proved the literary writers who wrote the screenplay as well as directed the film were the significant contributors of the film's artistic excellence which is harder to achieve in the genre of documentary film. Lastly, the ending starts with the introduction of a novel about the Tokyo Olympics, Olympic no Minoshirokin, written by Okuda Hideo. This is a fiction carefully written based on the fact by vigorous research and verification of the preparation process of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. This novel teaches us how the city of Tokyo transformed with the event of the Olympics, what happened behind the scene of the transformation and how Japanese reacted to the change. Like this example, essays, novels and films documented by literary writers are the resources that is more valuable than any other historical documentation to envision the 1964 Tokyo Olympics.

소셜 빅데이터를 활용한 올림픽 · 월드컵 화제성에 관한 연구

최영환(Choi, Young-Hwan) 한국사회체육학회 2015 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.62

The purpose of this research is to understand the degree of concern about the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup and to suggest basic data for establishment of marketing strategies through collecting search volume in the venue of those two events and finding its decision factors and the difference in search volume by country, region, season, and venue. For the purpose of the study, we collected data from 4 countries, Canada, the UK, Brazil, and South Korea - for comparison with domestic data - where Olympics and World Cup were held from 2010 to 2014, and 5 events were selected as the subjects of the study (the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games, 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, the London 2012 Olympics Games, the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games, and 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil). Oneway ANOVA and DecisionTree were used for statistical processing. The conclusion of this study are as follows. 1. Is there difference between the search volume between the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup? The search volume was different between the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup: it was greater in FIFA World Cup in all events and duration between 2010 and 2014. In the UK and Brazil which top soccer countries, the search volume for FIFA World Cup was greater than that of the Olympics. 2. Is there difference by countries regarding the degree of concern about the (summer/winter) Olympics and FIFA World Cup? 1) The search volume for the Olympics was different by countries. In particular, throughout the target period (2010-2014), the greatest was found in Brazil, while low in South Korea and the UK. No difference was found during the events. 2) There was no difference by countries in search volume for FIFA World Cup. 3. Is there difference in the degree of concern by season (off-season, Winter Olympics, Summer Olympics, FIFA World Cup, before and after Winter Olympics, before and after Summer Olympics, and before and after FIFA World Cup)? 1) The search volume for the Olympics was different by season. It reached its peak during the events, with the highest for the Summer Olympics. 2) The search volume for the FIFA World Cup was different by season. It reached its peak during the events, with the highest just before the events. 4. Is there difference according to hosting experience (current venue, previous venue, next venue, no hosting experience)? 1) The search volume for the Olympics was different by hosting experience. It was the highest in the current venue while the lowest in the countries with no hosting experience. 2) The search volume for FIFA World Cup was not different by hosting experience. 5. Is there difference by event (the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games, the London 2012 Olympics Games, the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games, 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, and 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil)? The search volume was different by event. It was high for the London 2012 Olympics Games, 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, and 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil while low for the Winter Olympics (the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games and the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games). 6. What are the decision factors in the search volume for the Olympics and FIFA World Cup? The most important decision factor of the search volume was ‘Season’ for the Olympics, ‘Country’ for the Summer Olympics , and ‘Hosting Experience’ and ‘Event’ for other seasons (Winter Olympics, before and after Summer Olympics, before and after Winter Olympics, and off-season) The greatest search volume was found in Brazil during the London Olympics, which is followed by Canada, the venue of the event, during the Winter Olympics. The third was taken by London and South Korea, which showed high search volume during the London Summer Olympics. The fourth was given to Canada during the Sochi Winter Olympics. In regards of FIFA World Cup, Canada’s search volume was the greatest during the

88서울올림픽에서 조영제의 역할과 영향

강현주 한국기초조형학회 2018 기초조형학연구 Vol.19 No.6

The 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics provided an opportunity to reconsider the designs used in the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which was held 30 years before. A forum was held at the Dongdaemun Design Plaza and an exhibition was held at the Cultural Station Seoul 294. At the Unlimited Edition Seoul Art Book Fair, a reprint of the Games of the XXIVth Olympiad Seoul 1988 Graphic Identity Standard Manual, as well as an archival collection, 88 Seoul, which consisted of an assortment of photographs taken during the '88 Olympics, were introduced. Interest towards the original designers of the emblem, mascots, and posters have increased through this process, but little discussion has been made on the significance or the value of the designs for the '88 Seoul Olympics. The purpose of this study was to expand the understanding of the design for the 1988 Seoul Olympics by examining the characteristics of the art direction by Cho Young-jae, who suggested the establishment of the Design Committee within the Organizing Committee for the Seoul Olympics and served as the head of the committee for seven years. Before the '88 Seoul Olympics, Korean designers did not have opportunities to experience the so-called "grand scale designs" on an international scale. Cho Young-jae emphasized the importance of the concept of the event as well as the coordination of the designs for the '88 Seoul Olympics and aimed to systemize the decision-making process for the designs. In spite of his effort, the system for the environmental decoration and signs were decided by a separate committee. There were also complaints from certain designers on the lack of opportunities to participate. Even with such limitations, the identity design of the '88 Seoul Olympics was successful and influenced the design process of other large-scale events such as the Universiad and the Asian games. The official poster designed by Cho Young-jae with the help of a Japanese designer was influenced by the ‘64 Tokyo Olympics and the Expo 1970 in Osaka. However, by applying computer graphics which were a high-end technology at the time, the design of the official poster for the '88 Seoul Olympics stands apart from the previous posters for the Olympics. As the art director, he bravely introduced the computer graphic technology to the official poster and became a pioneer in the age of digital design. 2018평창동계올림픽 개최는 30년 전에 열렸던 88서울올림픽 디자인을 다시 조망해보는 계기가 되었다. 동대문디자인플라자(DDP)에서 포럼이 열리고, 문화역서울284에서는 전시회가 개최되었으며 언리미티드 에디션-서울아트북페어에서는 젊은 디자이너 그룹이 자발적으로 만든 88서울올림픽 그래픽 디자인 통합 매뉴얼의 복각본과 1988년 당시 올림픽 사진 자료를 모은 아카이빙 북이 소개되기도 했다. 이 과정에서 엠블럼, 마스코트, 포스터 등을 개발한 원로 디자이너들에 대한 관심이 다시 생기기는 했으나 한국디자인사 맥락에서 88서울올림픽 디자인의 의미는 무엇이며 어떻게 평가할 것인지에 대해서는 아직 심도 있게 논의되고 있지 못한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 서울올림픽대회조직위원회 내에 디자인전문위원회 설치를 제안하고 7년 간 위원장으로 활동했던 조영제의 역할과 그가 공식포스터 및 스포츠포스터를 디자인하면서 보여준 아트디렉션의 특징을 살펴봄으로써 88서울올림픽 디자인에 대한 이해를 확장하고자 한다. 88서울올림픽이 개최되기 이전에 한국 디자이너들은 국제적인 규모의 소위 ‘그랜드 스케일 디자인’을 경험할 기회를 갖지 못했다. 조영제는 88서울올림픽에서이벤트 컨셉과 디자인 코디네이션의 중요성을 강조하며 조직위원회의 디자인 의사결정 절차를 체계화 하고자하였다. 환경장식 및 안내표지판 시스템이 별도로 결정되고 디자이너 참여 기회의 형평성 문제가 제기되기는 했으나 88서울올림픽 아이덴티티 디자인은 전반적인 면에서 성공을 거두었고, 이후 국내에 유치된 유니버시아드대회나 아시안게임 등 대형 국제 이벤트를 위한 디자인 프로세스 모델이 되었다. 조영제가 아트디렉터로서 일본디자이너와 협업하여 만든 공식포스터에는 64도쿄올림픽 및 70오사카엑스포 포스터 등 일본 디자인의 영향이나타나 있다. 하지만 그는 당시 최첨단 기술이던 컴퓨터 그래픽을 도입함으로써 역대 올림픽 포스터들과 시각적차별성을 확보하고자 했고 이를 통해 디지털 디자인 시대를 선도하고자 했다.

2012년 런던올림픽 대회와 2016년 리우올림픽 대회 평행봉 경기 연기내용 비교분석

이주형 ( Joohyung Lee ),양태석 ( Taeseok Yang ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2017 체육과학연구 Vol.28 No.3

[목적] 본 연구는 세계적인 선수들의 다양한 기술과 난도 구성을 파악하여 우리나라 지도자와 국가대표 선수들에게 세계적인 흐름과 정보를 제공하는 목적으로 수행하였다. [방법] 이를 위해 2012년 런던올림픽 평행봉 결승진출선수 9명, 2016년 리우올림픽 평행봉 결승진출선수 8명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS18.0을 이용하여 평균과 표준편차, 백분율(%)로 처리하였으며, 전문가회의를 통해 타당성을 확보하며 자료를 분석하였다. [결과] 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2012년 런던올림픽 결승경기의 평균 D-score는 6.61이고, 2016년 리우올림픽 결승경기의 평균 D-score는 7.0점으로 나타났다. 둘째, Ⅰ그룹은 두 대회 모두 D난도인 Healy기술(34.88%)을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, Ⅱ그룹은 D난도의 Bwd. uprise and salto fwd. p. to sup기술을 두 대회 모두 4명(36.35%)씩 실시하여 선수들이 선호하는 기술로 나타났다. 넷째, Ⅲ그룹은 런던올림픽에서 C난도의 기술의 빈도가 가장 높았지만, 리우올림픽에선 D난도, E난도의 기술의 빈도가 가장 높았다. 다섯째, Ⅳ그룹은 Basket to hdst기술은 두 그룹 모두 실시하여 선수들이 가장 선호하는 기술로 나타났다. 여섯 째, Ⅴ그룹 런던올림픽 결승경기에서 D난도 기술의 빈도가 가장 높았지만, 리우올림픽 결승경기에서는 F난도 기술의 빈도가 가장 높았다. [결론] 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 세계우수선수들이 선호하는 기술과 흐름을 파악하여 2020년 도교올림픽을 준비하는데 유용한 자료를 제공하고, 우리나라 체조선수와 지도자에게 유용한 자료가 될 것이다. [Purpose] This study was carried out for the purpose of providing national players of our country by grasping various techniques and difficulty composition of world-level players. [Methods] For doing so, this research was executed by objecting 9 finalists in parallel bar of 2012 London Olympics and 8 finalists in parallel bar of 2016 Rio Olympics. Collected datum were treated with average, standard deviation, percentage (%) by using SPSS 18.0, and they was analyzed while securing feasibility through expert meeting. [Results] Research results are same as follows. First, Rio Olympics players appeared higher than London Olympics such like 6,61 points in average D-score of 2012 London Olympics final game and 7.0 points in average D-score of Rio Olympics final game. Second, I group was turned up to prefer Healy technique (34.88%) of D difficulty in two olympics. Third, Ⅱ group carried out Bwd. uprise and salto fwd. p. to sup technique of D difficulty by each 4 players (36.35%) in two olympics, so the technique was displayed as preferred techniques of players. Fourth, Ⅲ group executed at the London Olympics, C difficulty was the most frequently used, but at the Rio Olympics, D difficulty and E difficulty were the most frequent. Fifth, Players in London Olympics and Rio Olympics executed Basket to hdst technique, and it appeared to be most preferred technique by players. Sixth, Ⅴ group executed at the London Olympics, D difficulty was the most frequently used, but at the Rio Olympics, F difficulty was the most frequent. [Conclusions] These findings will be useful datum to gymnasts and instructors of our country by providing valuable datum in preparing 2020 Tokyo Olympics after grasping preferred techniques and trends of world-excellent players.

동계올림픽 개회식 스토리텔링의 방향성- 2014 소치동계올림픽, 2018 평창동계올림픽 비교 연구 -

김관섭,이혁 한국사회체육학회 2018 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.74

Sports mega event Olympics acquires sports globalization through broadcast media. In particular, the opening ceremony of the modern Olympics is recognized as a contents festival that informs the world of its domestic culture. The purpose of this study is to analyze the aspect of the opening ceremony storytelling of Winter Olympics by comparing the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony Program and the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony Program. Furthermore, it tries to provide a basis for the direction of the study of the opening ceremony storytelling of the Olympics. It also proposes the direction of the opening ceremony storytelling of the Winter Olympics. The aspects of storytelling change in the opening ceremony of 2014 Sochi Olympic Winter Games and 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics means a change from direct to indirect domestic culture introduction. The change to the format with the emphasis on storytelling began with a change in the viewpoint of the opening theme of the Winter Olympics. The direction of the opening ceremony storytelling of the Winter Olympics through the aspects of the opening ceremony of the two events is as follows. First, due to the nature of media sports that are consumed by the public through sports media, the use of images at the sports mega event Olympics opening ceremony is expected to increase even more. Second, the diversity of storytelling using cutting-edge technology will be ensured. Cultural materials will be reinterpreted and reproduced as content through fusion with cultural technology. Sports mega event Olympics opening ceremony is expanding to a content festival that informs the world of its domestic culture.

서울올림픽과 평창동계올림픽 개·폐회식 전통문화예술프로그램의 변화양상 연구

김산효 국립무형유산원 2019 무형유산 Vol.- No.6

This study aims to study the traditional culture and art programs of the opening and closing ceremonies of the Seoul Olympic Games and the PyeongChang Winter Olympics held in Korea. This is a mega-sport event at the national level, based on the status and representativeness of the two Olympics. The comparison between the first Seoul Olympics in Korea and the most recent PyeongChang Winter Olympics reveals the differences in the ways of expressing traditional culture due to the 30-year gap The purpose of this research is to investigate the changing patterns of traditional cultural practices in different countries. The traditional culture and arts program of The Seoul Olympic and Pyeongchang Winter Olympics Opening and Closing Ceremonies introduced 13 traditional cultural and artistic programs for each of the two Olympic Games. The time required was reduced from 73 minutes (Seoul) to 31 minutes (Pyeongchang). This aspect can be found in the development of globalized popular culture such as Korean Wave and various forms of performances including musicals, which are activated more than 30 years ago, and introducing other cultural art programs based on various enjoyment factors. In addition, this study explored traditional arts and culture programs of Seoul Olympics and Pyeongchang Winter Olympics in terms of performance elements, narrative structure, and advanced technology, and derived the following six change patterns through comparison. (1) independence of stage space, (2) changes to multi-genre performances with characteristics of variety shows, (3) storytelling of themes, (4) dismantling and restructuring of traditional performing art forms, (5) introduction of local public relations programs, (6) Expanding the elements of interest and empathy. In sum, it seems that there are two main points of change in the aspect of ‘change of performance’ and ‘expansion of interest and empathy’. The comparison of the Seoul Olympic Games and the PyeongChang Winter Olympics traditional culture and arts program is a process of modernization of the traditional culture developed during a specific period. Therefore, it is possible to explore the globalization aspect of traditional culture through traditional cultural arts programs that are modernized in each age. This study compares traditional arts and culture programs of Seoul Olympics and PyeongChang Winter Olympics. For the last 30 years, we have confirmed that the globalization of traditional culture has been pursued with the aim of ‘modernization centering on enjoyment’. 본 연구는 우리나라에서 개최된 서울올림픽과 평창동계올림픽의 개·폐회식 전통문화예술프로그램을 연 구대상으로 삼는다. 우리나라에서 최초로 열린 서울올림픽과 가장 최근에 열린 평창동계올림픽의 비교는 30년 간극으로 인한 전통문화 표현방식의 차이를 드러낸다. 이에 시대별 전통문화 활용사례에 따른 변화양 상을 탐구하는 것에 연구목적을 두기로 한다. 서울올림픽과 평창동계올림픽 개·폐회식 전통문화예술프로그램에서는 두 올림픽 모두 각 13개의 전통문화 예술프로그램을 소개하였다. 그러나 소요시간은 73분(서울)에서 31분(평창)으로 크게 감소하였다. 원인은 근래 한류 등 글로벌화된 대중문화의 발전과 뮤지컬을 포함한 다양한 형태의 공연양식이 30년 전에 비하여 활성 화되었고, 다양한 향유적 요소에 기반한 타문화예술프로그램이 개·폐회식에 도입된 것에서 찾을 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 본고는 공연요소와 서사구조, 첨단기술면에서 서울올림픽과 평창동계올림픽의 전통문화예 술프로그램을 분석하여, 다음과 같은 변화양상 6가지를 도출하였다. ① 개·폐회식 무대공간의 독립화, ② 버라이어티쇼 성격의 복합장르 공연으로 변화, ③ 주제의 이야기 구조화, ④ 전통공연예술 양식의 해체와 재구성, ⑤ 지역 홍보 프로그램의 도입, ⑥ 첨단기술을 활용한 흥미·공감 요 소 확대이다. 내용을 종합하면, 변화양상에 ‘공연성의 강화’와 ‘흥미와 공감 요소의 확대’라는 두 가지 지향점 이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 서울올림픽과 평창동계올림픽 전통문화예술프로그램 비교는 특정 기간 동안 전개된 전통문화의 현대화 과정에 대한 고찰이다. 이 때문에 각 시대별로 현대화된 전통문화예술프로그램에서 전통문화의 세계화양상 을 탐색해볼 수 있다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서는 서울올림픽과 평창동계올림픽 개·폐회식 전통문화예술프로그램이 지난 30년 동안 ‘향유자 중심의 현대화’를 지향점으로 하여 전통문화의 세계화를 전제로 변화되어 왔음을 확인하였다.

스페셜올림픽의 유산에 관한 정책연구

송석록 ( Sok-rok Song ) 한국특수체육학회 2021 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 스페셜올림픽이 갖는 유·무형의 유산을 발굴하여 스페셜올림픽 유산의 역사, 스페셜올림픽경기대회, 스페셜올림픽 본부로 구분하고 스페셜올림픽 유산을 규명하여 스페셜올림픽 유산의 발굴 및 보존에 관한 정책적 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 발달장애인을 위해 스포츠를 통한 사회통합을 추구하는 스페셜올림픽은 차별화된 유무형의 유산을 가지고 있다. 전 세계적으로 스페셜올림픽 프로그램에 환경의 규모가 커지고 있다. 참가국 증가, 회원국 증가, 참가선수 규모 증가, 대륙별 순환, 스페셜올림픽 프로그램의 전 세계 확산 등의 특징을 보이고 있다. 장기적으로 ‘슈라이버 캠프’는 보존되어야하고, 개인의 유산집중 보다는 스페셜올림픽 고유의 가치 발굴이 필요하다. 200여 회원국들을 위한 스페셜올림픽 본부의 유산가이드 마련이나 유산의 발굴과 지속가능한 가치창출을 위한 마스터 플랜이 마련되어야 한다. The purpose of the study is to discover the tangible and intangible legacies of the Special Olympics, divide it into the history of the Special Olympics legacy, the Special Olympics World Games, and the Special Olympics Inc.(Special Olympics International). It contribytes to policy basic of the Special Olympics. The Special Olympics, which pursues social integration through sports for people with developmental disabilities(using ‘intellectual disabilities’ in USA), has a different kind of tangible and intangible legacies. Around the world, the scale for the Special Olympics program is increasing. It is characterized by an increase in participating countries, an increase in member states, an increase in the number of participating athletes, a circulation by continent, and the global spread of the Special Olympics program. In the long term, it is necessary to preserve the ‘Shriver Camp’ and discover the unique values of the Special Olympics rather than concentrating on individual legacy. A legacy guide for the Special Olympics for 200 member countries and a master plan for legacy discovery and sustainable value creation should be prepared.