한국인 정상안에서 빛간섭단층촬영으로 측정한 황반 두께와 내장된 정상값의 비교

윤상철,이대영,남동흔,Sang Chul Yoon,Dae Yeong Lee,Dong Heun Nam 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Purpose: To determine whether there are significant differences between the retinal thicknesses of the macular area in eyes of healthy Koreans compared with normative data using OCT3 (version 4.0). Methods: The study was performed in 111 eyes of 71 adults between the ages of 20 and 69 with corrected vision of 0.8 or greater and no systemic or ocular disease. The subject group was designed to have a similar age distribution to that of normative data. An OCT3 fast macular map was used to measure macular thickness. The results were further analyzed and compared with the normative data. Results: The overall results from the subject group were similar to the normative data. However, the nasal parts of the outer ring were thicker than the normative data and the temporal parts of the outer ring were thinner (p<.0001). When each age group was compared, the thickness of the superior part of the inner ring and the nasal part of the inner and outer rings were thicker than the normative data in the age groups of twenties and thirties (p<.05). For the nasal parts of outer ring, the macula were thicker by OCT examination than the normative data in 25.2% of subjects, although they were clinically normal. Conclusions: Macular thickness in healthy Koreans was generally similar to the normative data of OCT3. However, a slight difference may exist and must be considered when measuring and interpreting macular thickness measurements.

Rorschach 검사 규준에 관한 동향 연구 : 종합체계와 국제규준 자료의 국내활용을 중심으로

김태환(Kim, Taehwan),김은영(Kim, Eunyoung) 한국재활심리학회 2021 재활심리연구 Vol.28 No.1

Revision works of the Rorschach comprehensive system has faced difficulties after Exner s death. International normative reference were proposed as the outcomes of projects which collected various countries of national data were announced. And it later became the basis for the R-PAS (Rorschach Performance Assessment System). According to the international normative research, the results indicated that the adult data was relatively consistent across countries. However, it should be noted that only Japan among Asian countries was included and the Japanese data showed certain deviations from the international reference data. The child data showed large discrepancies between countries suggesting that careful attention is needed in application of the international references as well as South Korea’s comprehensive system. This study compared the data from the comprehensive system, the international references, and South Korea’s and international Rorschach research, offering considerations regarding the applications of the international references and comprehensive system in South Korean contexts. Also, this study reviewed the major changes in R-PAS. Such attempts will promote evidence-based practice of Rorschach test in South Korea. Exner의 사망 이후 Rorschach 검사의 종합체계 개정이 난관을 맞은 한편, 국가별 자료를 수합한 프로젝트들의 성과가 발표되면서 국제규준 자료(international normative reference data)가 제안되었고 이후 R-PAS(Rorschach Performance Assessment System)의 기초가 되었다. 국제규준 연구에 의하면, 성인집단 자료는 상대적으로 국가 간 일관성을 보이며 국제규준으로서의 활용 가능성을 보여주었다. 그러나 아시아 국가 중 일본만이 포함되었고, 또한 일본의 자료가 국제규준과 차이를 보였다는 점을 고려할 필요가 있다. 아동집단 자료의 경우, 국가 간 편차가 크게 나타나 국제규준 뿐 아니라 종합체계의 국내 활용에 세심한 주의가 필요함을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 종합체계, 국제규준, 국내외 Rorschach 연구 자료 등을 비교하여 국내 성인과 아동집단을 대상으로 종합체계 및 국제규준 적용 시 유의할 점들을 요약하고, R-PAS의 주요 변화를 개관하였다. 이러한 시도는 국내 Rorschach 검사를 둘러싼 근거기반 활용의 기반을 마련하는데 기여할 것이다.

한국 성인 기억력 평가를 위한 전산화 도구의 개발과 표준화

권준수,류인균,홍경수,연병길,하규섭 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.2

연구목적 : 본 연구는 전산화 평가도구를 개발하고, 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하며, 표준화 자료를 얻기 위하여 수행되었다. 방 법 : 숫자 따라하기검사, 시각 단기기억력검사, 한글언어청각학습검사, 시각도형학습검사를 전산화하였으며, 27명의 정상인을 대상으로 하여 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 타당도를 검증하기 위하여 48명의 정상인을 대상으로 검사 성적을 기존의 인지기능 검사 성적과 비교하였으며, 또한 본 연구에서 개발된 검사들의 내적 일치도를 평가하였다. 20세부터 50세까지 고졸이상의 학력을 가진 한국 남녀 성인 150명을 대상으로 표준화 자료를 얻었다. 결 과 : 전산화 기억력 검사들의 검사-재검사 성적은 paired t-test 결과 차이가 없었으며, Pearson 상관계수 0.405∼0.873의 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 숫자 따라하기검사, 시각 단기기억력검사, 언어청각학습검사는 기존의 지필 혹은 전산화 검사 결과와 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 시각도형학습검사는 유용한 검사이나, 향후 방법론적 개선이 필요한 것으로 생각된다. 전산화 기억력 검사 성적은 학력이 높을수록 우수하였으며, 성별과 연령도 결과에 영향을 미쳤다. 전산화 기억력 검사의 표준화 자료와 해석기준을 제시하였다. 결 론 : 20세부터 50세까지 고졸 이상의 학력을 가진 한국 성인 남녀에서 신뢰성 있고 타당성 있게 사용할 수 있는 전산화 언어 및 시각 기억력 검사도구가 개발되었으며, 표준화 자료와 해석기준이 마련되었다. Objectives : This study was conducted to develop the computerized memory tests for Korea adults. It also aimed at evaluating the reliability and validity of these tests and providing their normative data. Methods : Computerized versions of digit span, visual span, auditory applications and correction. The test-retest reliabilities of each test was evaluated by the paired t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the data from 27 normal persons. The validity of each test was evaluated by the Pearsons's correlation coefficient between the computerized test scores and the pre-existing cognitive function tests using the data from 48 normal persons. The normative data were obtained from the 150 Korean adults, age 20 to 50, whose educational levels were higher than high school graduate Results : There were no statistical difference between the means of the test and retest scores. High correlations were also observed between the tests and the retest scores(r ranged from 0.405 to 0.873). The computerized digit span, visual span, and auditory verval learning tests scores were highly correlated with the pre-existing memory measures. The computerized memory test scores were greatly influenced by the educational level. The visual learning test seems useful, however, it requires methodological refinement. The normative data and guidelines for interpretation were provided. Conclusions : Clinically applicable computerized memory assessment tools with high reliability and validity were developed. The normative data for the Korean adults aged 20 to 50 were obtained and the guidelines for the interpretation were provided.

노동현장 기준데이터 제시를 위한 손근육의 근활성도 및 근피로도에 관한 연구

金慶鉉(Kyoung-Hyun Kim),李浩龍(Ho-Yong Lee),辛華詠(Hwa-Young Shin),鄭聖勳(Seong-Hun Jeong),金成煥(Sung-Hwan Kim) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.12

In this paper, muscular activity and muscle fatigue of FDI (first dorsal interosseous muscle) and thenar muscle of hand was analyzed with surface EMG signal based on four kinds of attitudes (grip, tip, key and palmar) to measure grip strength and pinch strength after hand operation and rehabilitation treatment. The normative data are needed to interpret evaluation data to assess a patient's ability to return to labor environment. The preceding researchers proposed the standard data only by studying on maximum grip strength and the maximum pinch strength followed by each attitude of subjects' hands. But in this study, Ole muscle activity and muscle fatigue were considered under the various attitude to propose normative data. As a results, the muscle fatigue may be used only for presentation of normative data in labor environment.

한국 성인을 대상으로 한 전산화 Standard Progressive Matrices의 표준화 예비연구

홍경수,이민수,오병훈,하규섭,유한익,이창욱,연병길,김성윤,신민섭,김재진,권준수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 전산화 Standard Progressive Matrices(SPM) 검사의 한국인 성인 표준자료를 확립함으로써, 간이로 지능을 평가하는 경우에도 보다 정확하게 지능지수를 추정하기 위해서 본 연구를 수행하였다. 방 법 : 18세 이상의 남녀 정상인 자원자 353명을 대상으로 전산화 SPM 검사를 시행하고, 백분율 및 표준점수(T-점수)를 기준으로 하여 표준화 자료를 작성하였다. 전체 대상군을 성별, 연령별로 구분한 후 평균과·분포가 유사한 집단은 군을 합치는 방법을 사용하였다. 한국인 표준자료에 근거하여 추정한 SPM 지능지수와 외국인 표준자료에 근거하여 추정한 SPM 지능지수를 각각 KWAIS 지능지수와 비교함으로써 타당도를 검증하였다. 결 과 : 18∼30세, 31∼40세, 41∼50세, 51세 이상의 연령군으로 구분된 한국 정상 성인의 SPM 표준화 자료를 산출하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의한 표준화 자료를 적용하여 지능지수를 추정하는 것이 현재 사용하고 있는 외국인의 표준화 자료를 이용하는 것보다 KWAIS 지능지수에 더욱 근접한 결과를 보였다. 결 론 : 18세에서 50세까지의 한국인 남녀에게는 간이지능평가도구로서 전산화 SPM 검사의 한국인 표준화 자료를 유용하고 타당하게 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. Objectives : We conducted this study to provide standardized data of the computerized Standard Progressive Matrices(SPM) test in Korean adults. Methods : The computerized SPM test was administered to 353 healthy volunteers aged 18 years over. We provided the standardized data(percentile and standardized T-scores) for the groups with similar mean and distribution of SPM scores, which was originally divided by age and sex. The validity of the new standardized data was tested by comparing IQs estimated by SPM and K-WAIS. Results : The standardized SPM data were provided for four age groups : 18 to 30 years, 31 to 40 years, 41 to 50 years, 51 years and over. IQ estimated by this standardized data tends to be closer to IQ by K-WAIS than the IQ estimated by foreign normative data. Conclusion : The standardized data of the computerized SPM were proven to be a useful and valid tool for measuring IQ briefly, compared with the conventional way of measuring IQ.

Normative Data of Upper Extremity Performance Test for Elderly (TEMPA) for Korean Adult Population and Characteristics of Hand Function and Strength

Lee. Chang Dae,Jung. Min-Ye,Park. Ji-Hyuk,Kim. Jongbae 대한신경계작업치료학회 2018 재활치료과학 Vol.7 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study was establishing clinical norms of TEMPA Korean version for Korean adult population in addition to identifying characteristics of hand function by age and gender based on the collected data. Methods : A total of 138 healthy adults between ages 20 and 59 were recruited by continuous sampling. All subjects had been employed TEMPA Korean version and Jarmar dynamometer and pinch gauge to evaluate hand function and strength. Results : The results showed that there were no statistically significant difference in overall hand function among the age groups and between genders. Also, while there were no significant differences in overall speed and qualitative movement, age groups of 40s and 50s showed a declining tendency in speed in some of the tasks. Also, hand strength increases up to 40s and start declining from the 50s, but most results did not show significant differences among the age groups. Conclusion : Normative data of TEMPA Korean version for Korean adult population was established, therefore, it can be used in clinical setting and research as evidence based. Furthermore, occupational therapists need to consider about the signs of decline in hand function and strength in middle-aged adults and to provide education programs to maintain their hand function.

정상성인에서의 청성 뇌간 유발반응검사에 관한 연구

우훈영,김주태,권대형 인제대학교 1995 仁濟醫學 Vol.16 No.2

저자 등은 정상적인 성인의 남녀 각 10명씩 20명(40耳)에 대해 자극음의 강도를 변화시킬 때 ABR의 각 파형이 나타나는 잠복시간과 각 파형간의 잠복시간 및 진폭을 관찰함으로써 임상이용에 필요한 기초자료를 마련코자 본 연구를 실시하였다. Developments in computer technology have made it possible to extract extremely small signals from high levels of biolgical backgroud noise. Since the early 1960s, brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP)have been recorded in animal brains or from the scalp. Soon volume-conducted BAEP were recorded from the human scalp. Before evaluating whether a recording is abnormal or not, it is essential to have sufficient normative data. The purpose of this paper is to examine the latencies and amplitudes of BAEP waves in normal adults, and to evaluate the importance of these differences. We performed BAEP in 20 normal persons (40 ears), who had no history of ear disease, and had normal hearing. The results were as follows. 1) There was a significant sex effect on the absolute latency of wave V in 90dB nHL and 70dB nHL (normal hearing level). 2) There was a significant sex effect on the interpeak latencies of wave I-V and III-V in 90dB nHL and 70dB nHL. 3) There were a no significant differencies of the ratio of amplitude in wave I and wave V increasing stimulus intensity. 4) The latencies of all BAEP waves were shortened with increasing stimulus intensity. 5) There was the prolongation of latency of contralateral wave V comparing of wave V.

데이터 민주주의(data democracy)에 대한 규범적 접근

박희진,김지성 한국비블리아학회 2023 한국비블리아학회지 Vol.34 No.2

In the modern digitized data society, there is a growing emphasis on securing trustworthiness and fairness in data utilization, along with data openness. By defining the concept of data democracy from various perspectives and presenting elements of normative values, this study aims to provide a basic conceptual framework to identify and evaluate the data governance system and levels of data democracy. As a foundation for the discussion of data democracy, based on Kneuer’s (2016) conceptualization of e-democracy, free and equitable access, e-participation, and e-government were introduced as core dimensions of e-democracy. To improve the quality of data governance and foster a better understanding and practical application of the concept of data democracy, this study takes a normative approach from the perspective of democracy. Inclusiveness, equity, participation, and democratic sovereignty are provided as core dimensions of data democracy. This study highlights the significance of data literacy in promoting data democracy. It proposes the creation and assessment of a curriculum rooted in the normative principles of data democracy within the field of library and information science for future investigation. 디지털화가 급속도로 진행되는 현대 데이터 사회에서 데이터 활용에 있어 데이터의 개방성과 더불어 신뢰성 및 공정성 확보 또한 강조되고 있다. 본 연구는 다차원적 관점에서 데이터 민주주의 개념을 정의하고 규범적 가치의 요소를 제시함으로써 데이터 민주주의 체계와 현황을 파악하고 평가할 수 있는 지표 개발과 선정에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하는 것을 목표로 한다. 우선 데이터 민주주의의 논의를 위한 토대로써 Kneuer(2016)의 개념을 토대로 자유롭고 공평한 접근, e-참여, e-정부를 e-민주주의의 주요 요소로 제시하였다. 이러한 e-민주주의의 규범적 원리를 토대로 데이터 거버넌스의 질 향상을 위해 데이터 민주주의 개념의 이해 및 실제 적용을 위한 데이터 민주주의의 규범적 프레임워크 및 구성요소로 포용성과 형평성, 참여, 민주적 주권을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 데이터 민주주의 실천을 위한 데이터 리터러시의 중요성을 강조하고, 문헌정보학에서 데이터 민주주의의 규범적 프레임워크에 근거한 새로운 교육과정 개발 및 평가에 관한 연구를 후속 과제로 제시하였다.

양안시 검사의 임상 자료와 상관관계의 비교 해석

유동식(Dong-Sik Yu),조현국(Hyun Gug Cho),김상엽(Sang-Yeob Kim),문병연(Byeong-Yeon Moon) 한국안광학회 2018 한국안광학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Purpose: To compare and interpret normative values and correlations of clinical data in 20’s Korean using the same method as Morgan’s study. Methods: Eighty three subjects (166 eyes, mean age 22.34±2.50 years) underwent refraction with a fogging method. Then phoria, gradient accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio (AC/A), accommodative amplitude, the near point of convergence, fusional vergence, relative accommodation, binocular accommodative and vergence facility test were performed. The normative data of each test were set at mean±0.5 standard deviation (SD) as the Morgan`s study. The mean, SD, normative values, and correlations between tests were compared with values established by Morgan. Results: Compared to Morgan’s data, in these clinical data, there was no difference in ranks of means (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.274). Spearman’s correlations (ρ) between means, SDs, and distributions within SD were 0.945 (p<0.001), 0.907 (p<0.001), and 0.599 (p = 0.017), respectively. Major differences in our data compared to Morgan’s values are: 1) Means of phoria, fusional vergence (except blur and break point of the near negative fusional vergence), and gradient AC/A were higher; 2) range of the normative values were wider; 3) the distribution of subjects within normative values was lower; 4) the number of statistically significant Pearson’s correlations (r) between tests at near were fewer but higher. Conclusions: These results indicate that the normative values in binocular tests differ from the Morgan’s values. Correlation analyses also show differences in interactions between each test. This might be due to subject’s criteria, specifically age or ethnicities. Therefore, it will be necessary to establish new normative values for diagnosis and management in binocular dysfunctions assessment for Korean at various age groups.

울프운동기능검사(Wolf Motor Function Test)의 비장애인 표준치에 관한 예비 연구

우희순,장기연 한국장애인고용공단 고용개발원 2010 장애와 고용 Vol.20 No.4

울프운동기능검사(Wolf Motor Function Test)는 상지와 손 기능 검사를 위해 개발된 평가 도구로 국내에서 타당도와 신뢰도의 검증이 이루어진 도구이다. 본 연구는 울프운동기능검사의 비장애인 표준치를 수집하여 연령별, 성별, 각 항목간의 상지와 손의 기능을 객관적으로 비교할 수 있는 자료를 마련하는데 그 목적이 있다. 2010년 3월부터 2010년 5월까지 상지 및 손 기능에 장애를 초래하는 질병이 없으며, 신체 기능 중 상지 및 손의 해부학적 구조, 가동성, 근력, 감각 및 조절 능력에 이상이 없는 비장애 성인 200명을 대상으로 울프운동기능 검사를 시행하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 12.0을 이용하여 통계처리 하였으며, 우세손과 비우세손, 성별에 따른 평균 수행시간을 산출하고, Pearson 적률 상관 계수를 활용하여 우세손과 비우세손 및 연령과의 항목별 상관관계를 알아보았다. 한글판 울프운동기능검사의 비장애인 표준치를 수집한 결과 우세손, 비우세손 모두에서 연령과 수행시간과의 높은 상관관계를 보였으며, 총 수행시간 및 개별 항목의 수행시간에서 성별에 따른 수행시간의 차이는 없었다. 또한 남성의 경우 연령이 증가할수록 우세손과 비우세손 모두에서 장악력이 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 울프운동기능검사의 비장애인 표준치를 알아보았으며, 향후 상지와 손 기능 장애를 가진 장애인들의 수행 수준 비교에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다. The Purpose of this study is to provide normative data which is able to compare objectively by age, sex and subitem of wolf motor function test in non-disabled korean adult. Data were obtained from 200 adult who have no disability in upper extremity and hand function result from disease and no deficit of anatomical structure, range of motion, strength, sensation and coordination in upper extremity and hand function from Mar, 2010 to May, 2010. To statistical analysis of collected data was used SPSS 12.0 program. Mean scores were calculated according to sex, dominant hand and nondominant hand. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients was also used to investigate interrelation of dominant hand, non-dominant hand and age. The results of collected normative data in non-disabled korean adult showed significant correlation in both dominant hand and non-dominant hand and no difference by age. These finding suggest that normative data of wolf motor function test will be able to make good use to compare performance level in people with disability of upper extremity and hand function.