A Study on the Optimization of High-Concentration Ammonia Nitrogen Chemical Treatment Process

정태환,김수혜,권우택 한국웰빙융합학회 2023 웰빙융합연구 Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: High concentrations of nitrogen exist in food wastewater, and when nitrogen is not properly treated and discharged, it can cause eutrophication in the aquatic ecosystem. Research design, data and methodology: In order to remove nitrogen using sodium hypochlorite, the BNCR tank was designed and installed in the step behind the biological treatment tank, and the data of pH, TOC, and T-N were collected after about a month of demonstration. Results: As a result of operating the BNCR tank, total nitrogen decreased by about 83% on average. The total nitrogen in the second sedimentation tank before going through the BNCR tank must be removed and finally discharged after nitrogen is removed above the legal standard of 60 mg/L. Conclusions: If BNCR tank is added to the process currently applied to nitrogen removal and operated, ammonia nitrogen can be removed more efficiently. However, the disadvantage is that nitric acid nitrogen and nitric acid nitrogen cannot be removed. If these disadvantages are supplemented and optimized in the future, it will be helpful for workplaces that are having difficulty removing nitrogen.

외부탄소원을 사용한 SBBR의 공정 특성 및 질소제거

한혜정 ( Hye Jeong Han ),윤주환 ( Zu Whan Yun ) 한국물환경학회 2006 한국물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.3

A sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) operated with a cycle of anaerobic - aerobic - anoxic - aerobic has been evaluated for the nutrient removal characteristics. The sponge-like moving media was filled to about 10% of reactor volume. The sewage was the major substrate while external synthetic carbon substrate was added to the anoxic stage to enhance the nitrogen removal. The operational results indicated that maximum T-N and T-P removal efficiencies were 97% and 94%, respectively were achieved, while COD removal of 92%. The observations of significant nitrogen removal in the first aerobic stage indicated that nitrogen removal behaviour in this SBBR was different to conventional SBR. Although the reasons for aerobic nitrogen removal has speculated to either simultaneous nitrification and denitrification or anoxic denitrification inside of the media, further researches are required to confirm the observation. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) test with biofilm and suspended growth sludge indicated that biofilm in SBBR played a major role to remove substrates.

Effective partial nitrification and denitrification via nitrite with inhibitor removal basin for high strength ammonium wastewater treatment

김상식 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.2

A system consisting of an air stripping unit, an inhibitor removal basin, an aerobic basin, and an anoxicbasin was investigated for nitrogen removal from coal gasification plant stripped gas liquor containing high-strengthorganic, nitrogenous compounds. Nitrite oxidation, followed by the reduction of nitrite to nitrogen gas, was adoptedfor nitrogen removal. The free ammonia concentration in the coal gasification plant stripped gas liquor was obtainedby modified empirical method. The optimum reaction temperature, pH, and ammonia‐N concentration in the feedingsolutions for the ammonia oxidation to nitrite were 30 C, pH 8.0, and less than 200mg/L, respectively. Over 98% of theorganic compounds in the wastewater, including phenol, O‐cresol, m‐cresol, quinoline, and benzene, were removedusing the nitrogen removal system by incorporating an inhibitor removal basin. An inhibitor removal basin acceleratesammonia oxidation rate and enhances settleability. This system provides a much faster nitrogen removal rate and lessconsumption of external carbon sources when compared to conventional nitrogen removal system combined withnitrification and denitrification.

MLE 공정에서 PAC 응집제 첨가에 따른 질소 및 인 제거 효율 평가와 질신화 저해에 관한 연구

안찬현 ( Chan Hyun An ),전동걸 ( Dong Jie Tian ),임현숙 ( Hyun Sook Lim ),정진 ( Jin Chung ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2015 建設技術論文集 Vol.34 No.1

80 일간의 운전 결과 본 MLE 공정 내 Al(III) 계 응집재인 PAC 를 주입한 결과 유기물 제거에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 단일 반응조 내에서 Al(III) 이 수화물 및 침전물 형태로 장기적인 축적으로 미생물의 대사활동에 영향을 미친 것으로 보고되었지만 본 실험에서는 무산소조, 호기조 및 침전조 등 일련의 연속공정으로 구성한 결과 실제Al(III) 축적에 의한 영호t은 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 질소 재거에 있어서도 유기물과 마찬가지로 제거효율 영향은 거의 없다 즉, TN 제거효율은 각각 Run 1 70%, Run 2 73%, Run 3 78%이였으며, 마지막으로 Al/P몰비 5인 Run 4에서는 70% TN 제거효율을 나타내었다. 인의 경우 Run 1에서는 인 제거가 이루어지지 않음을 관찰할 수가 있다. 하지만 Al/P몰비를 3.6,4,5로 응집제를 주입한 Run 2, Run 3 및 Run 4에서는 각각 92%, 96%, 97%의 높은 인 제거효율을 나타내었다. 그 외 DO농도 3.0~4.0 mg/L의 조사결과로부터 농어촌진흥원 회분식 실험결과 Al/P 몰비 증가에 따라 NH4+-N 제거 속도는 마마하게 감소하였다. 즉, Al/P=0인 NH4+-N 제거 속도는 5.0 g-NH4+-N/kg -MLSS·hr 이었고, Al/P=3.6 및 Al/P=4일 경우에는 모두 4.9 g- NH4--N/kg-MLSS·hr이었으며, 마지막으로 Al/P=5일 경우에는 4.8 g- NH4+-N/kg -MLSS·hr 를 나타내었다. After 80 days of a continuous operation of a MLE(Modified Ludzack Ettinger) process, addition of PAC as a coagulant did not affect on COD removal. When Al(III) was hydrated and precipitated and they were accumulated for a long period of time in a single phase reactor, it has been reported that it might influence the microbial metabolism. However in this study Al(III) accumulation was not apparent in a series of anoxic-aerobic-clarification process. PAC coagulation did not affect the nitrogen removal as well TN removal efficiency was found to be 70%, 73 %, and 78% for Run 1, 2, and 3 respectively. At Run 4 with Al/P mole ratio of 5, 70% of TN was removed. In case of phosphorus, at Run 1 P was not removed. However when Al(III) was added as Al/P mole ratios of 3.6, 4, and 5, 92%, 96%, and 97% of P were removed respectively. When DO was 3.0~4.0 mg/L, as Al/P mole ratio increased NH4+,-N was removed insignificantly. In other word, when Al/P = 0, NH4+-N removal rate was 5.0 g-NH4+-N/kg-MLSS·hr. When AJ/P = 3.6 and AJ/P = 4, NH,+-N removal rate was 4.9 g-NH,+-N/kg-MLSS·hr for both cases. Finally when Al/P = 5, NH4+-N removal rate was 4.8 g-NH4+-N/kg-MLSS·hr.

농축조 상징액을 대상으로한 실험실 규모 아질산화 반응조 분석

임지열,길경익 한국습지학회 2015 한국습지학회지 Vol.17 No.4

질소는 수계 부영양화를 유발하는 주요 원인이며, 수계 보호를 위해 반드시 처리해야 하는 오염물질이다. 본 연구에서는 고농도 질소를 처리하여 하수처리장 운전 효율 증대를 위한 방안을 연구하고자 하였다. 약 250일간 하수처리장 농축조 상징액을 이용하여 실험실 규모 반응조를 운전하였다. 실험실 반응조 운전은 안정적인 아질산화 반응을 유도하고, 관련 운전 인자 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 체류시간 조절을 통해 인위적으로 아질산화 반응이 유도가능한 것을 확인하였으 며, 안정적인 아질산화 반응이 유도되는 구간을 파악하였다. 특히, 체류시간 1일 조건에서는 90%에 가까운 고효율의 아질산화율 을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 ammonium nitrogen load는 암모니아성 질소 제거율과 아질산화율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 높은 ammonium nitrogen load 조건에서는 아질산화율과 암모니아성 질소 효율이 감소하였다. 반면, 낮은 ammonium nitrogen load 조건에서는 아질산화율이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 아질산화 반응을 위해 암모니아성 질소 농도 및 체류시간의 조절이 필요하다는 것을 의미한다. 농축조 상징액과 같은 슬러지 처리 공정 내 고농도 질소를 함유한 폐수는 아질산화 반응을 적용할 수 있으며, 이는 하수처리장 개조 방안으로 제안 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Nitrogen is one of main causes to induce eutrophication of water system and one of contaminants that must be treated for protection of water system. In this study, it was intended to identify a method to increase operation efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) by treating high concentration nitrogen. A laboratory scale reactor was operated by using sludge thickener supernatant in the MWTP. During operation of the laboratory scale reactor, it was intended to induce stable nitritation and analyze effects of related operation factors. As results, it was shown that the nitiritation could be induced artificially through control of retention time and sections where the stable nitiritation was induced were identified also. In particular, highly efficient nitrite conversion efficiency near 90% was identified in condition of 1 day retention time. Especially, it was shown that ammonium nitrogen load affected ammonium nitrogen removal efficiency and nitrite conversion efficiency. In the condition of high ammonium nitrogen load, the nitrite conversion efficiency and the ammonium nitrogen removal efficiency decreased. On the contrary in the condition of low ammonium nitrogen load, it was found that the nitrite conversion efficiency decreased. It means that control of ammonium nitrogen concentration and its retention time is needed for the nitritation. It is considered that for the sewage containing high load nitrogen in sludge treatment process as like the sludge thickener supernatant, the nitritation can be applied, which can be suggested as a modification method of MWTP.

Simulated Nitrogen Removal for Double-Layered PVA/Alginate Structure for Autotrophic Single-Stage Nitrogen Removal

배효관,Bae, Hyokwon Korean Society on Water Environment 2022 한국물환경학회지 Vol.38 No.4

Recently, an autotrophic single-stage nitrogen removal (ASSNR) process based on the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) reaction has been proven as an economical ammonia treatment. It is highly evident that double-layered gel beads are a promising alternative to the natural biofilm for ASSNR because of the high mechanical strength of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/alginate structure and efficient protection of ANAMMOX bacteria from dissolved oxygen (DO) due to the thick outer layer. However, the thick outer layer results in severe mass transport limitation and consequent lowered bacterial activity. Therefore, the effects of the thickness of the outer layer on the overall reaction rate were tested in the biofilm model using AQUASIM for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and ANAMMOX bacteria. A thickness of 0.5~1.0 mm is preferred for the maximum total nitrogen (TN) removal. In addition, a DO of 0.5 mg/L resulted in the best total nitrogen removal. A higher DO induces NOB activity and consequent lower TN removal efficiency. The optimal density of AO B and NO B density was 1~10% for a 10% ANAMMOX bacterial in the double-layered PVA/alginate gel beads. The real effects of operating parameters of the thickness of the outer layer, DO and concentrations of biomass balance should be intensively investigated in the controlled experiments in batch and continuous modes.

Electroactive microorganisms enriched from activated sludge remove nitrogen in bioelectrochemical reactor

Joicy, Anna,Song, Young-Chae,Lee, Chae-Young Elsevier 2019 Journal of environmental management Vol.233 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The bioelectrochemical anaerobic nitrogen removal was demonstrated in an anaerobic batch reactor equipped with a pair of polarized bioelectrodes. The bioelectrochemical reactor was operated in sequential batch mode after inoculating activated sludge and polarizing the electrode to 0.6 V. The medium contains ammonium, nitrite, alkalinity and trace minerals, but no organic carbon source. By the repetitive sequential operation, simultaneous removals of ammonium, nitrite and alkalinity were improved, and the electrochemical activity of the bulk sludge was confirmed from the redox peaks of the cyclic voltammogram. This indicates that ammonia oxidizing exoelectrogens (AOE) and denitritating electrotrophs (DNE) were enriched more in the bulk solution. Biogas production that mainly consisted of nitrogen was observed from the bioelectrochemical reactor, and the minor components in the biogas were methane and carbon dioxide. This demonstrates that AOE use nitrite as an electron acceptor to oxidize ammonia. The requirements of nitrite and alkalinity for the removal of ammonia nitrogen are around 0.72 mg NO<SUB>2</SUB>-N/mg NH<SUB>4</SUB>-N and 1.73 mg as CaCO<SUB>3</SUB>/mg NH<SUB>4</SUB>-N, respectively, and nitrate was not produced as a by-product. The bacterial groups involved in the bioelectrochemical nitrogen removal are electroactive autotrophs and can be enriched from activated sludge by polarized electrode. This bioelectrochemical ammonia oxidation is a novel approach recommended for treatment of nitrogen-rich wastewater.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Electroactive autotrophs are enriched from activated sludge by polarized electrode. </LI> <LI> The autotrophs remove NH<SUB>4</SUB>-N and NO<SUB>2</SUB>-N bioelectrochemically in anaerobic condition. </LI> <LI> Nitrite required for the ammonium removal is 0.72 mg NO<SUB>2</SUB>-N/mg NH<SUB>4</SUB>-N. </LI> <LI> Alkalinity required for the ammonium removal is 1.73 mg as CaCO<SUB>3</SUB>/mg NH<SUB>4</SUB>-N. </LI> <LI> Bioelectrochemical N removal process does not produce nitrate as a by-product. </LI> </UL> </P>

알루미늄부식을 조합한 간헐폭기법에 의한 합성폐수 중의 인 및 질소 제거

정경훈,정오진,최형일 한국환경보건학회 2001 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.27 No.3

A laboratory experiment was performed to investigate phosphorus and nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater by intermittently activated sludge process packed with aluminium plate. Three continuous experimental systems, I. e. an intermittently activated sludge process(Run A), an intermittently activated sludge process with an aluminium plate packed into the reactor(Run B), and a reactor post stage(Run C) were compared. In the batch experiments, the phosphorus removal time in the reactor packed with copper and aluminium plate simultaneously was faster than that of the reactor packed with only an aluminium plates. However, the reactor packed with only an aluminium plate could be used for phosphorus removal. Move phosphorus was removed with an increase of surface area of aluminium plate and electrolysis(NaCl) concentration. The efficiency of COD and nitrogen removal was not affected in Run B. However, the phosphrus removal efficiency decreased because of reaction products and activated sludge which gradually covered gradually the surface of the aluminium plate. The efficiency of phosphorus removal in Run C was 86.3% at the HRT of 3.2 hours. Especially, the efficiency of phosphorus removal in Run C was higher than that in Run B.

전도성 광촉매를 이용한 콘크리트 블록의 대기중 질소산화물 저감에 관한 연구

배근국,조인숙,안용식 한국건설순환자원학회 2023 한국건설순환자원학회 논문집 Vol.11 No.4

The use of TiO2 photocatalyst in the production of concrete blocks for the purpose of nitrogen oxide reduction is an issue of controversy due to the conflicting evidence on its effectiveness. Efforts have been made to reduce the level of nitrogen oxides in the environment by using of titanium dioxide (TiO2). This study examined the effect of incorporating activated carbon into concrete blocks on the reduction of nitrogen oxides released into the atmosphere and the durability of the blocks. The efficiency of photocatalyst was enhanced through the addition of a surrounding conductive substance. The addition of activated carbon resulted in a significant increase in the electrical conductivity of photocatalytic blocks and improved durability. The cement mixture using 5 % TiO2 and 15 % activated carbon exhibited the optimal mixing ratio for the purpose of nitrogen oxide removal. The effect of the addition of conductive carbon to the photocatalytic blocks was discussed with the results of conductivity, flexural and comprssive strength and nitrogen oxide removal test. The relationship between the addition of conductive carbon to the photocatalytic blocks and its resulting effects have been studied by several tests, including conductivity, flexural and compressive strength, and nitrogen oxide removal. 본 연구에서는 전도성 재료를 혼입한 광촉매 보도블록을 제조하여 질소산화물 제거율에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 내구성이향상된 블록을 제조하고자 하였다. 광촉매와 전도성 재료인 활성탄소를 혼입시 광촉매 효율이 향상되었으며 전도성 광촉매콘크리트 블록의 경우 광촉매 콘크리트 블록보다 질소산화물 제거율이 2.5배 정도 향상되었다. 전도성 광촉매 시험편의 질소산화물 제거율이 높게 나타난 것은 전도성 재료인 활성탄소의 영향으로 TiO2 광분해로 인한 광전류가 많이 발생한 영향으로볼 수 있으며 광촉매 시험편과 전도성 광촉매 시험편의 질소산화물 제거율 실험결과와 광전류 시험결과를 비교 분석하였다.

Differentiation in Nitrogen-Converting Activity and Microbial Community Structure between Granular Size Fractions in a Continuous Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal Reactor

( Feiyue Qian ),( Xi Chen ),( Jianfang Wang ),( Yaoliang Shen ),( Junjun Gao ),( Juan Mei ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.10

The differentiations in nitrogen-converting activity and microbial community structure between granular size fractions in a continuous completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) reactor, having a superior specific nitrogen removal rate of 0.24 g/(g VSS·d), were investigated by batch tests and high-throughput pyrosequencing analysis, respectively. Results revealed that a high dissolved oxygen concentration (>1.8 mg/l) could result in efficient nitrite accumulation with small granules (0.2-0.6 mm in diameter), because aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (genus Nitrosomonas) predominated therein. Meanwhile, intermediate size granules (1.4-2.0 mm in diameter) showed the highest nitrogen removal activity of 40.4 mg/(g VSS·h) under sufficient oxygen supply, corresponding to the relative abundance ratio of aerobic to anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (genus Candidatus Kuenenia) of 5.7. Additionally, a dual substrate competition for oxygen and nitrite would be considered as the main mechanism for repression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and the few Nitrospira spp. did not remarkably affect the overall performance of the reactor. Because all the granular size fractions could accomplish the CANON process independently under oxygen limiting conditions, maintaining a diversity of granular size would facilitate the stability of the suspended growth CANON system.