Neem제 처리간격이 가지 담배가루이 방제에 미치는 효과

김주 ( Kim Ju ),최인영 ( Choi In-young ),김주희 ( Kim Ju-hee ),이장호 ( Lee Jang-ho ),정성수 ( Cheong Seong-soo ),김진호 ( Kim Jin-ho ) 한국유기농업학회 2016 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.24 No.4

가지 담배가루이 친환경 방제를 위한 neem제 처리 간격을 구명하고자, 500배 농도로 처리 간격(일)을 3~15까지 5처리를 두어 neem제의 담배가루이에 대한 처리효과, neem제 처리 간격에 따른 생육상황 및 경제성 등을 분석하였다. neem제의 담배가루이에 대한 처리효과는 약충의 경우 3일, 5일, 7일, 10일, 15일 간격에서 방제가가 각각 96.7%, 89.7%, 76.1%, 73.4%, 51.0%로 neem제 처리간격이 길어질수록 담배가루이 약충의 방제가는 낮아지는 경향이었다, 성충의 경우는 3, 5, 7, 10, 15일 간격 처리에서 각각 1.2, 1.8, 2.3, 2.8, 5.4마리였고, 방제가는 각각 82.3%, 73.5%, 66.2%, 58.8%, 20.6%를 보였다. neem제 처리간격에 따른 가지의 생육상황은 3일, 5일, 7일 간격으로 처리한 잎에서는 담배가루이의 피해가 크지 않았으나, 10일, 15일 간격 처리와 무처리에서는 담배가루이에 의한 피해가 심하게 나타났다. 따라서 담배가루이 방제를 위하여 neem제를 3일 간격으로 처리하는 것이 방제효과가 높으나 경제성 분석결과, 소득은 neem제 7일 간격 처리가 10 a당 19,505천원으로 가장 많아 담배가루이 방제를 위한 neem제 처리 간격은 7일이 가장 적당할 것으로 판단된다. This experiment was carried out to determine the treatment interval on neem product for control of Bemisia tabaci on eggplant using eco-friendly agriculture. We have investigated the control effect of B. tabaci, growth characteristics of eggplant, economics according to neem product treatment interval on eggplant. The longer neem processing interval tended to decrease control effect on nymphs of B. tabaci. Control effect of nymph of B. tabaci according to treatment interval of 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days, and 15 days were 96.7%, 89.7%, 76.1%, 73.4%, and 51.0%, respectively. This result was the same tendency in adult of B. tabaci control effects on eggplant. Growth characteristics of eggplant according to neem the treatment interval of 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days, was less damaged on of B. tabaci. However, the 10 days, 15 days, and untreated of neem treatment intervals were badly damaged by B. tabaci. Therefore, neem treatment interval of 3~7 days for control of B. tabaci was high control effect. However, it is considered to be the most suitable to process every seven days considering the economics and so on. The results of economic analysis from income of 7 days neem treatment interval was the most high as 19.505 thousand won per 10a and the most economical treatment for control of B. tabaci.

가지 담배가루이 방제를 위한 Neem제 처리농도 설정

김주,최인영,김주희,이장호,정성수 한국유기농업학회 2014 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.22 No.3

Neem제를 이용한 가지 담배가루이 친환경 방제기술을 개발하고자 azadirachtin 0.5%가 함유된 Neem제를 100~2,000배까지 희석배수 5처리를 두고, 담배가루이 방제효과와 가지 생육과 수량을 조사하였으며, 경제성을 분석하였다. 담배가루이 성충과 약충의 발생상황은 Neem제 희석배수가 높아질수록 성충과 약충의 발생량이 증가하여 방제효과가 낮았다. Neem제 처리농도별 가지 생육상황은 낮은 희석배수에서는 약해가 발생하였고, 높은 희석배수에서는 담배가루이에 의한 피해가 나타났다. 생육 및 수량은 48일후 조사에서 500배가 초장, 엽장, 절수 등 생육이 양호하였다. 또한 Neem제 500배 처리에서 과실의 발육이 좋아 수량성 및 상품률도 가장 높았다. 경제성 분석결과에서도 Neem제 500배 처리에서 10a당 13,545천원으로 소득이 가장 높았다. 따라서 담배가루이 방제를 위한 Neem제 희석배수는 500배였다. This experiment was carried out to develop an environmental friendly agriculture material (EFAM) using neem extract i.e. azadirachtin (0.5%), especially against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in eggplant. Neem product was found to be very effective against both nymph and adult of B. tabaci. Yield and economic value of eggplant treated with neem extract were higher than other EFAMs used. Effect of different concentration of Neem product was also investigated on population density of B. tabaci. The growth and yield of eggplants were highest in plants treated with 500 times concentrated solution of neem product. Economic analysis showed that the income increased by 13,545 thousand won/10a from the plots treated with 500 times concentrated solution of neem product over control. The results suggested that 500 times concentrated solution of EFAM (azadirachtin 0.5%) could be a good controlling agent of B. tabaci in eggplants.

가지 담배가루이 방제를 위한 Neem제 처리농도 설정

김주,최인영,김주희,이장호,정성수,Kim, Ju,Choi, In-Young,Kim, Ju-Hee,Lee, Jang-Ho,Cheong, Seong-Soo 한국유기농업학회 2014 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.22 No.3

Neem제를 이용한 가지 담배가루이 친환경 방제기술을 개발하고자 azadirachtin 0.5%가 함유된 Neem제를 100~2,000배까지 희석배수 5처리를 두고, 담배가루이 방제효과와 가지생육과 수량을 조사하였으며, 경제성을 분석하였다. 담배가루이 성충과 약충의 발생상황은 Neem제 희석배수가 높아질수록 성충과 약충의 발생량이 증가하여 방제효과가 낮았다. Neem제 처리농도별 가지 생육상황은 낮은 희석배수에서는 약해가 발생하였고, 높은 희석배수에서는 담배가루이에 의한 피해가 나타났다. 생육 및 수량은 48일후 조사에서 500배가 초장, 엽장, 절수 등 생육이 양호하였다. 또한 Neem제 500배 처리에서 과실의 발육이 좋아 수량성 및 상품률도 가장 높았다. 경제성 분석결과에서도 Neem제 500배 처리에서 10a당 13,545천원으로 소득이 가장 높았다. 따라서 담배가루이 방제를 위한 Neem제 희석배수는 500배였다. This experiment was carried out to develop an environmental friendly agriculture material (EFAM) using neem extract i.e. azadirachtin (0.5%), especially against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in eggplant. Neem product was found to be very effective against both nymph and adult of B. tabaci. Yield and economic value of eggplant treated with neem extract were higher than other EFAMs used. Effect of different concentration of Neem product was also investigated on population density of B. tabaci. The growth and yield of eggplants were highest in plants treated with 500 times concentrated solution of neem product. Economic analysis showed that the income increased by 13,545 thousand won/10a from the plots treated with 500 times concentrated solution of neem product over control. The results suggested that 500 times concentrated solution of EFAM (azadirachtin 0.5%) could be a good controlling agent of B. tabaci in eggplants.

Studies on loss of bio-efficacy of two indirect neem application over time (seed and soil) against Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) under semi-field conditions

Prabhat Kumar 한국응용곤충학회 2008 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.11 No.4

In a choice test, loss of bio-efficacy (1–30 days) of neem (seed and soil application) were studied in a naturally ventilated and lighted greenhouse (semi-field conditions) using a commercial neem product (NeemAzal-U 17%) against Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hom., Aleyrodidae) on tomatoes. The fresh neem residue had the strongest effects in all parameters (adult colonisation behaviour, eggs deposition, eggs hatch and immature mortality). This effect decreased gradually over the time. The bio-efficacy loss of neem applied through seed treatment was rapid, and tomato plants grown from seed soaked in neem effectively managed B. tabaci only until the 15-day post application. Soil application was a more stable method to prolong the bioefficacy of neem against B. tabaci under greenhouse conditions. The bio-efficacy of soil neem application were recorded daily for 1–7-day and during this period, the immature mortality, which was 88.20% for the first day reduced to almost half i.e. 45.01%. The results of the experiments are discussed in context of potential use of neem-based pesticides for Integrated Pest Management of sucking insect-pests in open field or in greenhouse conditions. In a choice test, loss of bio-efficacy (1–30 days) of neem (seed and soil application) were studied in a naturally ventilated and lighted greenhouse (semi-field conditions) using a commercial neem product (NeemAzal-U 17%) against Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hom., Aleyrodidae) on tomatoes. The fresh neem residue had the strongest effects in all parameters (adult colonisation behaviour, eggs deposition, eggs hatch and immature mortality). This effect decreased gradually over the time. The bio-efficacy loss of neem applied through seed treatment was rapid, and tomato plants grown from seed soaked in neem effectively managed B. tabaci only until the 15-day post application. Soil application was a more stable method to prolong the bioefficacy of neem against B. tabaci under greenhouse conditions. The bio-efficacy of soil neem application were recorded daily for 1–7-day and during this period, the immature mortality, which was 88.20% for the first day reduced to almost half i.e. 45.01%. The results of the experiments are discussed in context of potential use of neem-based pesticides for Integrated Pest Management of sucking insect-pests in open field or in greenhouse conditions.

‘님’의 시적 표상과 타고르 - 1920년대 시의 언어와 한용운의 ‘님’ -

김춘식 ( Kim Chun-sik ) 한국불교선리연구원 2021 禪文化硏究 Vol.30 No.-

『님의 침묵』은 한국 근대문학사에서 최초로 ‘몸’의 담론인 문학(연애)과 형이상학인 ‘종교적 신념’을 성공적으로 결합한 시집이다. 이런 결합은 종교의 세속화나 문학의 정신주의, ‘초월 지향’으로 표현할 수 있다. 『님의 침묵』은 감각과 형이상학의 대립성을 초월한 새로운 언어를 이 ‘양자[불교와 문학]’에게 되돌려주었다. 『님의 침묵』의 ‘님’에 대한 해석을 부처, 조국, 연인으로 해석해 온 지금까지의 생각은 틀렸다고 할 수는 없으나, ‘님’의 다양한 해석 가능성을 ‘알레고리적인 해석’에 한정해서 읽은 혐의가 있다. ‘님’의 의미만큼이나 ‘님’이라는 호칭과 그것의 시적 사용이 만드는 새로운 감각 또한 중요하기 때문이다. “날카로운 첫<키쓰>의 追憶”이라는 구절이 대표적으로 보여주듯이 ‘키쓰’의 감각과 ‘님’의 관계를 종교적인 ‘믿음’으로 연결시키는 『님의 침묵』의 화법은 ‘육체성’을 ‘정신성’으로 환기하는 새로운 방식의 담론이다. 육체, 일상적 체험, 현실과 정신, 형이상학, 종교적 믿음 사이의 차이를 무너뜨림으로써 『님의 침묵』은 ‘님’이 지닌 전통적 의미에 종교성과 형이상학적 상징을 덧보태고, 추상적 종교인 불교에 ‘구체성과 육체성’을 부여한다. In a situation in which the general trend of the “Dong - in - zee(同人誌)” literature in the 1920s was largely focused on Tagore, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature as an Oriental poet at the time, it can be said that Manhae's interest in “Tagor” was rather natural. In particular, unlike Tagore's ‘divine’ - centered thinking, Manhae represents a new metaphysical value that is given to physicality and humanity by representing ‘NEEM’, which is distinct from Tagore's second - person pronoun ‘thou’, through ‘The Silence of NEEM ’. It embodies the concept of ‘love’. “The silence of NEEM” was the first collection of poems in Korea's modern literary history that successfully have “discourse of body”, combines to “religious beliefs”. Transcending the confrontation between sensibility and metaphysics, it returned the new language to the《Buddhist and Literature.》The idea of “NEEM”, which has been intrepreted as the “Buddha, homeland, lover”, is not wrong, however the possibility of a different allegorical interpretation of “NEEM” always has been, too.’ So, it's also very important to take note to the new sense of poetic words as much as to intreprete the ‘ideas’ of “NEEM”.

Effects of Azadirachtin and Neem-based Formulations for the Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly and Root-knot Nematode

Lynn, Ohn Mar,Song, Woo-Geun,Shim, Jae-Kyoung,Kim, Jang-Eok,Lee, Kyeong-Yeoll The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.5

Toxicity of the plant-derived natural pesticide azadirachtin and two types of commercial neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)-based formulations, Neema (liquid type) and Neema-plus (pellet type), were evaluated based on the mortality rate and developmental inhibition of the sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). In a laboratory assay, when B. tabaci adults were fed leaves containing 5 or 10 ppm of azadirachtin solutions, the rates of female oviposition, subsequent egg hatch, and adult eclosion were significantly reduced to 23.1, 53.2, and 26.6% of the control, respectively. At a tomato greenhouse, the rates of adult colonization, oviposition and egg hatch were reduced to 78.2, 47.0, and 71.2% by Neema foliar spray and 31.3, 34.1, and 66.8% by soil treatment with Neema-plus relative to the control, respectively. When isolated soil nematodes were exposed to various concentrations of azadirachtin, Neema, and Neema-plus, the immobility of juvenile nematodes showed no change at 2 h after treatment, whereas a reduction of 36.3% was observed at day 1 with 10 ppm of azadirachtin. Nevertheless, the effects of neem formulations were faster and much higher than those of azadirachtin. At a cucumber greenhouse, soil treatments with neem formulations significantly reduced the numbers of soil nematodes and plant root-knots; the reduction with Neema was 12.1 and 9.0%, and with Neema-plus 26.4 and 24.6% of the control, respectively. Furthermore, soil treatment with Neemaplus greatly improved the growth of cucumber plants in nematode-infested pots. These results showed that azadirachtin and neem-based formulations were highly effective on the developmental inhibition of both whiteflies and root-knot nematodes. Thus, soil application of the neem-based formulations would be applicable for the control of both leaf-sucking and soil pests.

님추출물 아자디라크틴의 살충활성과 국내 이용현황에 대한 고찰

김동순 한국응용곤충학회 2021 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.60 No.4

열대식물인 인도멀구슬나무(Azadirachta indica)는 병해충과 방제와 의학적인 목적으로 오랫동안 이용하였다. 본고에서는 님제의 활성 성분인 아자디라크틴의 해충에 대한 곤충생장조절, 기피, 섭식저해, 산란억제 등 다양한 작용기작과 국내 이용현황에 대하여 고찰하였다. 국내 유 통되는 친환경유기농자재 중에서 님제 제품은 총 57종이었다. 그중 효능효과가 표시된 자재는 7종이었고 평균 아자디라크틴 함량은 0.38%로써 세계적으로 유통되는 평균 함량 2.1%와 비교할 때 약 5.5배 낮았다. 국내에서 님제의 방제효과에서 진딧물은 실험에서 다소 변이는 있었으나 대 부분 90% 이상의 방제효과를 보였다. 꽃매미 약충에 누적살충률은 73~77%를 보였고, 총채벌레에 대한 방제가는 50~72% 범위로 살포효과가 인정되었다. 노린재와 나방류에 대한 방제효과는 대체적으로 낮았다. 본고는 유통되는 님제품의 이해와 실험자료의 해석에 필요한 주요한 정보를 제공해줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. As a tropical plant, the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) has been used for a long time for disease and pest control and medical purposes. In this paper, we reviewed for the active ingredient of neem, the mode of action of azadirachtin in terms of insect growth regulation, repellent, feeding inhibition and oviposition against plant pests. And also we reviewed the current status of practical use in Korea. Among 57 products of neem-based eco-friendly organic agricultural materials distributed in Korea, seven products were certified for their efficacy. The average azadirachtin content of the seven products was 0.38%, which was 5.5 times less than the average content of 2.1% distributed worldwide. In the control effect on neem products in Korea, it showed some variation on aphids, but most showed a control effect of more than 90%. The treatment effects of Lycorma delicatula nymphs were 73-77%, and the control effects for thrips were obtained in the range of 50-72% mortality. The mortality effects against bug and moth species were generally low. It is expected that this review would provide important information necessary for the understanding of distributed neem products and the interpretation of experimental data.

추출방법에 따른 Neem의 항산화, 항균 활성 및 항염 효과 비교

김미경 한국인체미용예술학회 2019 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.20 No.3

In order to develop natural materials for the improvement of allergic and atopic skin diseases, this study compared antioxidative, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of neem leaves(Azadirachta indica) by different extraction methods. The extracts are WE(water extract at RT), EE(70% ethyl alcohol extract at RT) and USEE(heat process for 12 hours at 60℃ after ultrasonic extraction for six hours with 70% ethanol). As a result, the electron donating ability showing the antioxidant effect was 91.36% and 87.09% at 50 ㎍/㎖ of EE and USEE, respectively, and the ABTS radical scavenging ability was more than 99% at a concentration of 500 ㎍/㎖ for all extracts. Antimicrobial activity for S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli and P. acnes was not observed in the water extract, but the EE and USEE showed high antimicrobial activity. In particular, USEE showed antimicrobial activity as 18.2±0.85 mm and 19.7±0.68 mm for S. aureus and P. acnes at a concentration of 1 ㎎/㎖, respectively. Cytotoxicity for RAW 264.7 cells was not observed in neem leaf extracts at a concentration of 1,000 ㎍/㎖. As a result of observing cytotoxicity for RAW 264.7 cells, no toxicity was observed up to 1,000 ㎍/㎖ of the sample. NO production inhibition showed a higher decrease of EE(32.8%) than WE and USEE at a concentration of 1,000 ㎍/㎖. In addition, the expression of iNOS and COX-2 was the highest at 500 ㎍/㎖ of EE. Therefore, it is considered that the ethanol extract of neem leaf can be used as a natural material for improving allergic and atopic skin diseases. Future study is necessary to understand the mechanism of anti-inflammation by separation and identification of substances.

한용운의 사상 담론과 시문학 언어의 변화

오대혁 동국대학교 한국문학연구소 2022 한국문학연구 Vol.- No.70

This paper first focused on the process of acquiring linguistic universality targeting Han Yong-woon’s ideological discourse. In terms of ideology, it focused on how universal discourse such as ‘peace, freedom, and equality’ was formed against the backdrop of Buddhist thought. In the nature of Buddhism in the The Theory of Reform of Korean Buddhism, which was passed away in 1910, he tried to overcome the crisis of thought, ethnicity, and state by comparing the cognitive limitations of Confucianism and Western philosophy with Buddhist perception. And the process of acquiring a universal language was based on the firm logic of Buddhist thought itself, and based on this universal language, it was able to lead the people at the forefront of the independence movement. And Han Yong-woon changes his expression from Chinese poetry to Korean poetry in order to popularize Buddhism or lead the colonized population. In 1925, he learned the folk-oriented Buddhist idea of ‘Iryujunghaeng (異類中行)’ through Siphyeondamjuhae (十玄談註解) and tied it up with a collection of poems called The Silence of NEEM. He realized again that he had to go through real problems along with his firm belief that the people were Buddha, and that he had to lead the transformation and liberation of the world around the people. In addition, it can be seen that this popular orientation is also connected to the ‘simwoojang’ in the later years. The poet ventured to find the language. Han Yong-woon's journey to visit the language while living in poverty is filled with colorful variations of ‘truth, Buddha.’ In the grand theme of Buddha, it showed various poetic spectra by changing its appearance from poet's poetic imagery to ‘NEEM’ to ‘Cow’. More broadly, it can be confirmed that ‘equality, salvation, freedom, and peace’ emerged as another expression of ‘truth’ spoken in ideological discourse to resist imperialist forces, and that it is embodied in poetic languages as ‘NEEM’ and ‘Cow’.

Environmental Science : Effects of Azadirachtin and Neem-based Formulations for the Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly and Root-knot Nematode

Ohn Mar Lynn,Woo Geun Song,Jae Kyoung Shim,Jang Eok Kim,Kyeong Yeoll Lee 한국응용생명화학회 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.5

Toxicity of the plant-derived natural pesticide azadirachtin and two types of commercial neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)-based formulations, Neema (liquid type) and Neema-plus (pellet type), were evaluated based on the mortality rate and developmental in