Synthesis of Hydrophilic Polyamide Copolymers Based on Nylon 6 and Nylon 46

이종윤,오비오,조현혹,유영태 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.11

Hydrophilic polyamide copolymers were successfully synthesized based on Nylon 6 and Nylon 46. This studyaims to synthesize hydrophilic polyamides with moisture regain ability comparable to that of cotton. Random copolymers ofnylon 6 and nylon 46 did not exhibit moisture regain rates higher than 6 %. A limited introduction of trifunctional monomer,diethylenetriamine (TA) produced the polyamides with higher mechanical strengths but failed to enhance the moisture regain. The incorporation of poly(ethylene oxide) oligomer with amine end groups increased the moisture regain but resulted in poorhydro-thermal and mechanical strength. A synergic effect was observed for copolymers which contain both nylon 46 unitsand PEO oligomer in regards to moisture regain capacity. Furthermore, the poor hydro-thermal and mechanical strength ofNylon/PEO segmented polyamides were drastically improved by the introduction of diethylenetriamine (TA). This studydemonstrated that the polyamide copolymers comprising both PEO oligomer and TA unit record tensile moduli over 3 GPaand moisture regain rates of 8-10 wt%.

The influence of moisture on atmospheric pressure plasma etching of PA6 films

Zhiqiang Gao,Shujing Peng,Jie Sun,Lan Yao,Yiping Qiu 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.1

The moisture in the substrate material may have a potential influence on atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. In order to investigate how the existence of moisture affects atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, polyamide 6 (PA6) films were treated by helium, helium/oxygen (O2) plasmas using atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) at different moisture regain. The film surfaces were investigated using contact-angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to characterize the surfaces. The exposure of PA6 film surfaces to the plasmas led to the etching process on the surfaces and changes in the topography of the surfaces. It was shown that the etching rate and the surface roughness were higher for the 9.33% moisture regain (relative humidity 100%) group than that of the 1.61% moisture regain (relative humidity 10%) group with the same plasma gas and power.

Thermophysiological Responses to the Alternation of Exercise and Rest at $20^{\circ}C$ when Wearing Underwear made of Cotton or Wool

Park Shin-Jung,Chang Jee-Hye,Tokura Hiromi The Korean Home Economics Association 2005 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two kinds of underwear material on subjects exercising and resting in an ambient temperature of $20^{\circ}C$, a relative humidity of 60% and an air velocity of 0.13m $see^{-1}$. Two kinds of underwear ensemble were tested, differing in their hygroscopic properties: 100% wool (W) with higher moisture regain and 100% cotton (C) with lower moisture regain. Five young females served as subjects. The experiments comprised two repeated periods of 15 min exercise on a treadmill with a speed of 6km $h^{-1}$ followed by 10 min rest. The main results were as follows: 1) Mean skin temperature was significantly higher in W than in C throughout the whole experimental period (p<0.05). 2) The temperature and humidity of the microclimate between the skin and underwear provided by the first layer of clothing was higher in W than in C (p<0.1 and p<0.05, for temperature and humidity, respectively). 3) Heart rate was significantly higher in W than in C (p<0.05). 4) Subjects felt warmer during the second exercise session when wearing wool rather than cotton (p<0.05), and they also reported more increased wetness during the second exercise and rest periods in W than in C (p<0.05). These results suggest that underwear made of wool with higher moisture regain might not act as effectively as cotton to transfer exercise-induced heat from the body to the surrounding air when light exercise is taken in a thermally-neutral environment.

나일론 4 공중합물 소재의 구조와 물성(III) -나일론 4 함량의 영향-

이선희,조현혹,Lee, Sun Hee,Cho, Hyun Hok 한국섬유공학회 2012 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.49 No.4

The effects of annealing on the fine structure and moisture regain of nylon 4 copolymer films were investigated in terms of the content of nylon 4. Nylon 6-ran-nylon 4 (50/50), (30/70), and (0/100) films were prepared using melt pressing and solution casting methods, respectively. The (N6-ran-N4) copolymer films were annealed in a silicon oil bath at 50, 75, 100, 125 and $150^{\circ}C$, and the properties of resultant film were examined by WAXD, DSC, DMTA and moisture regain. The crystal structure in (N6-ran-N4)(50/50) and (30/70) films with increasing annealing temperature was very similar to the gamma phase of nylon 6. The thermal property of (N6-ran-N4)(50/50) and (30/70) films annealed under high temperature exhibit an increase in melting temperature and enthlapy. The result of the tan ${\delta}$ behavior of (N6-ran-N4)(0/100) film was confirmed to the appearance of two ${\alpha}$ transition peaks. The moisture regain of (N6-ran-N4) copolymer films, except in the case of (N6-ranN4)(30/70) films, decreased when the annealing temperature was increased.

아민화에 의한 폴리아크릴로니트릴 필름의 고친수화 개질

박흥수,김영호,Park, Heung Su,Kim, Young Ho 한국섬유공학회 2018 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.55 No.1

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) films were reacted with four amine compounds (hydrazine, ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and triethylenetetramine (TETA)) in various concentrations of aqueous N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) to produce highly hydrophilic films that maintain their shape during and after modification. Add-on's (increases in weight) and amine contents (moles of amine groups per g sample) of the amino-modified PAN films were compared. Add-on's increased in an order of hydrazine, TETA, DETA, EDA when PAN reacted with equimolar concentration of the four amines, while the amine content increased in an order of TETA, DETA, hydrazine, and EDA. Although EDA produced a film with high add-on and amine content, it made the modified film highly swollen and soluble in the reaction medium. Among the four amines, hydrazine resulted in the highest amine content and moisture regain. Moisture regain as high as 23.0% was obtained when 1.2 M hydrazine was used. The moisture regains of the modified PAN films increased linearly depending on the amine content.

나일론 4 공중합물 소재의 구조와 물성 (II) -열처리 온도에 따른 영향-

이선희,조현혹,Lee, Sun-Hee,Cho, Hyun-Hok 한국섬유공학회 2011 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.48 No.6

Nylon 6-ran-nylon 4 (100/0), (80/20), (70/30) films were prepared by using melt pressing methods. The (N6- ran-N4) films were annealed in the silicon oil bath at 50, 75, 100, 125 and $150^{\circ}C$. The film properties were examined by WAXD, DSC, DMTA and moisture regain. The crystal structure in (N6-ran-N4) films increases the annealing temperature. This is very similar to the alpha phase of nylon 6. The thermal property of (N6-ran-N4) films annealed under high temperature exhibits an increase in the melting temperature and enthalpy. The moisture regain of (N6-ran-N4) films decreased when the annealing temperature was increased.

Lipase Treatment of Polyester Fabrics

Kim, Hye-Rim,Song, Wha-Soon The Korean Fiber Society 2006 Fibers and polymers Vol.7 No.4

The aim of this paper is to improve moisture regain of PET fabrics using a lipase treatment. Effects of nine lipase sources, lipase activator and nonionic surfactant on moisture regain of PET fabrics are examined. Moisture regains of lipase-treated samples improve by two times in average compared with untreated and buffer-treated samples. Alkaline treatment creates larger pitting by more aggressive attack into fiber which is proved by SEM and water contact angle measurement. Moisture regain by alkaline treatment ($0.568%{\pm}0.08$) does not improve. However, lipase-treatment (L2 treatment) improves moisture regain up to 2.4 times ($1.272%{\pm}0.05$). Although lipase treatment is more moderate than alkaline treatment, lipase hydrolysis on PET fabrics improves moisture regain, efficiently. K/S values improved confirm that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are produced on the surface of PET fabrics by lipase hydrolysis. Moisture regain and dyeability improve by lipase hydrolysis on PET fabrics.

Comfort related woven fabric transmission properties made of cotton and nylon

Biruk Fentahun Adamu,Jing Gao 한국의류학회 2022 Fashion and Textiles Vol.9 No.1

The interaction of water and air i.e. moisture regain, water vapor transmission, wicking and air permeability with woven textiles are tested to investigate the comfort of woven fabrics made of nylon, cotton, and cotton–nylon mixtures with diferent yarn counts. The fabrics porosity (based on equation 1 and 2), woven fabric sett (ASTM D3775-03), fabric thickness (ASTM D1777-96), fabric weight (ASTM D3776M - 20), fabric vapour transmission (ASTM E96-00), transfer wicking, and longitudinal wicking (DIN 53924), moisture regain (ASTM D2495-07), and air permeability (ASTM D737) were examined for investigations based on the standards in the brackets. The experimental results showed that fabric transfer wicking, longitudinal wicking, moisture regain and air permeability properties increase as the yarn goes to coarser for all woven fabric samples but the water vapor transmission property decrease. Additionally, fabric transfer and longitudinal wicking capabilities improved with increased nylon fber blend ratios within fber conformation. However, the nylon fber composition has negative impact on air permeability, water vapor transfer rate, wicking and moisture capabilities of the woven fabrics. Generally, it can be concluded that the existence of nylon fber, and yarn count coarseness improved wicking properties of the woven fabrics and decreased the air permeability property of woven fabrics.

숯 날염에 의한 부직포의 특성 변화

신정숙,박순자,정명희,田村照子,小紫朋子 한국의류학회 2004 한국의류학회지 Vol.28 No.2

The purposes of this study were to investigate characteristic changes on nonwoven fabric by the charcoal printing. It separate grind charcoal as two different size of particles 45-52㎛ and 53-65㎛ for hand screen printing on three kind of nonwoven fabrics. To examine the effect of charcoal printing on nonwoven fabric were to obwerve surface changes by a scanning electron microscope, dyeability by using spectrophotometer, moisture regain by oven method, air permeability, anion property, deodorization and antibacterial activity. The results were as follows: When charcoal powder concentration increased from 3 to 9%, K/S value also increased from 3.06to 8.55. When charcoal concentration increased, moisture regain also increased. In same concentration, moisture regain occurred higher as particle of small size. Air permeability decreased when the charcoal printing concentration increased. Anion occurrence appeared 140-160ion/㏄ from three different kinds of nonwoven fabrics in 3% and 9% charcoal concentration. Therefore, occurred anion ineffectively. In concentration of 3%, rate of deodorization measured as 89%, 83% and 87%, and 9% concentration caused 96%, 86% and 93% of high deodorization. Antibacterial activity examination in nonfinished nonwoven fabric resulted range of 60% however, 3% and 9% concentration finished nonwoven fabric resulted 99.9% of excellent antibacterial activity.

Comparisons of Moisturizing Function Between Rayon Fabric with Collagen Peptides from Fish Scales and Regular Rayon Fabric Under Various Relative Humidity

Chi‑Shih Huang,Erh‑Jen Hou,Ying‑Chou Lee,Tzong‑Huei Lee,Yi‑Jun Pan,Ta Yu,Wei‑Hsin Lin,Chun‑Han Shih,Wei‑Che Chang 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.12

The study was inspired by the specialized facial masks made of rayon non-woven fabrics which contained collagen peptides for improving moisturizing function. This study explored the moisturizing function of a rayon fabric containing collagen peptides extracted from tilapia fish scales under various conditions of relative humidity. This research had implications for the development of clothing that can prevent dry skin. A two-stage nested design experiment was adopted. The first-stage factor such as the fabric has two levels and the second-stage factor such as the relative humidity with three levels nested under each level of the first-stage factor. Preliminary results indicated that introducing a new variable (i.e., fabric moisturizing value, which combines the moisture regains of adsorption and desorption) would be useful. The moisturizing value of the novel rayon fabric and regular rayon fabric increased with the increase in relative humidity, and moisturizing effect of the novel rayon fabric with collagen peptides was better than that of the regular rayon fabric. Therefore, the novel rayon fabric may be suitable for preventing dry skin in winter.