The effects of fluoride releasing orthodontic sealants on the prevention and the progressive inhibition of enamel demineralization in vitro

Kim, Kwang-Won,Yoon, Young-Jooh,Chae, Seung-Won,Cho, Jae-O 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.6

고정성 교정장치 주변에 발생되는 백색반점은 임상적으로 쉽게 눈에 띄는 문제점을 가지고 있으므로 잔치제거 후 심니적으로 만족스럽지 못한 결과를 야기하는데, 이는 곧 교정치료의 실패를 의미한다. 이미 많은 연구를 통해 고정성 교정장치가 구강내 세균환경을 변화시켜 세균집단의 증식을 용이하게 함으로써 고정성 장치 부착후, 법랑질의 탈회의 발생빈도가 증가된다는 사실이 보고 되어 왔으며 장기간이 소요되는 교정치료의 특성으로 인해 발생되는 브라켓 또는 교정용 밴드 주변의 법랑질 탈회나 치아우식증을 예방 또는 억제시키기 위한 연구가 함께 진행되어 왔다. 이는 환자에 대한 구강위생 교육이나 치아관리 노력에도 불구하고 발생될 수 있는데 이를 예방하기 위한 방법의 하나로 불소가 유리되는 교정용 전색제를 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구는 불소가 유리되는 광중합형 및 자가중합형 교정용 전색제의 치아우식 예방 및 진행억제효과를 규명하기 위해 다음과 같이 각각 7개의 편광현미경군(A군-G군)과 주사전자현미경군(A'군-G'군)으로 분류하였고 [1. A & A'군: STTP*인공우식용액에 담그지 않은 정상치아군, 2. B & B'군:STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온용기에 72시간 보관한 비처치군, 3. C & C'군 : STTP인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온용기에 72시간 보관한 자가중합형 교정용 전색제군, 4. D & D'군 : STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 광중합형 교정용 전색제군, 5. E & E'군 : 표면에 아무처리 없이 STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 후, 이를 다시 아무런 처치없이 STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 비처치군, 6. F & F'군 : 표면에 아무런 처치없이 STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 후, 자가중합형 교정용 전색제를 도포하고 이를 다시 STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 자가중합형 교정용 전색제, 7. G & G'군 : 표면에 아무런 처치없이 STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 후, 광중합형 교정용 전색제를 도포하고 이를 다시 STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 광중합형 교정용 전색제군], 이들을 편광현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용해 조직의 변성여부를 검색하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 편광현미경적 연구에서 인공우식병소의 깊이는 A군(50.8㎛), B군(47.82㎛), C군(8.42㎛), D군(7.20㎛), E군(85.41㎛), F군(60.38㎛), G군(60.13㎛), 이었다. 2. 인공우식병소의 깊이에 있어서 , B군은 A군, C군, D군과 비교하여 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보였고(p<0.05), E군은 F군, G군과 비교하여 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 광중합형 및 자가중합형 교정용 전색제는 법랑질탈회 예방효과가 있었다. 4. 광중합형 및 자가중합형 교정용 전색제는 법랑질탈회 진행억제효과가 있었다. 5. 광중합형 및 자가중합형 교정용 전색제표본에 대한 주사전자현미경적 연구에서 인공우식용액의 시간 경과에 따른 영향은 없었다. 6. 광중합형 교정용 전색제 표본과 자가중합형 교정용 전색제 표본 사이의 차이는 편광현미경과 주사전자현미경으로 구별할 수 없었다. The purpose of this study was to identify the preventive and the progressive inhibitory effects of enamel demineralization with fluoride releasing light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants(FluoroBond), in vitro, under the polarizing light microscope and the scanning electon microscope. The polarizing light microscopic group was subdivided into seven groups(Group A-Group G). The scanning electron microscopic group was also subdivided into seven groups(Group A'-Group G'). For polarizing light microscopic evaluation, longitudinal sections were made longitudinally by Maruto cutter(Maruto Co., Japan) and Maruto grinding machine(Maruto Co., Japan). Sections were examined and photographed by the polarizing light microscope(Olympus Optical Co., Japan)using crossed polars and with the enamel rod longitudinal axis oriented at 45。to the extinction position. For scanning electron microscopic evaluation, the specimens were coated with a highly conducting layer of gold palladium in a model Hus-4 high- vacuum evaporator* and examined in an ISI-100B scanning electron microcope** operated at 20kV. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean depths of artificial carious lesions under a polarized light microscope were Group A(50.8㎛), Group B(47.82㎛), Group C(8.42㎛), Group D(7.20㎛), Group E(85.41㎛), Group F(60.38㎛), Group G(60.13㎛). 2. There were statistically significant differences in Group B compared with Group A, C, and D(p<0.05), and also, in Group E compared with Group F and Group G(p<0.05). 3. Light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants had the preventive effects of enamel demineralization. 4. Light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants had the progressive inhibitory effects of enamel demineralization. 5. The time progress of demineralizing agent had no influence on the samples of light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants under the scanning electron microscope. 6. There was no difference between the specimens of light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants both in the polarized light microscopic group and in the scanning electron microscopic group. *Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan **International Scientific Instruments, Santa Clara, Calif.

돋보기에서 FE까지 현미경의 변천사 - 생명과학적 관점에서 -

박창현,염미정,엄창섭,Park, Chang-Hyun,Yeom, Mi-Jung,Uhm, Chang-Sub 한국현미경학회 2003 Applied microscopy Vol.33 No.2

Since the Ptolemaeos' discovery that glass has magnifying power, human desire to see the unseen with naked eyes has lead to the inventions of a series of microscopes. Since the Janssen's first compound microscope in 1595, through the Abbe's non-aberration microscopy, various microscopes using different principles are now being used in various biomedical researches. The discovery of electron by Thompson in 1897 has lead to the first invention of microscope using electron as an illumination source, the electron microscope, in 1931. Now we can see the objects as close as 0.05 nm using 1 MV FE-TEM constructed in 2000. In this review, the authors reviewed the predecessors efforts to develop better microscopes. 본고에서는 유리의 확대력 발견으로부터 현재까지 이르는 전자현미경과 관련된 중요한 이론 및 개발 과정들을 시대별로 검토하였다. Jansen에 의한 최초의 광학현미경 제작으로부터, 분해능의 한계를 해결하려는 노력들, 짧은 광원을 찾는 노력, 그리고 보다 양질의 해상력과 확대력을 얻으려는 여러 과학자들의 부단한 노력들을 특히 전자현미경 원리 및 TEM과 SEM의 초기 개발과정에 초점을 맞추어 생명과학적 측면에서 고찰하고, 아울러 우리나라의 전자현미경 도입 과정을 살펴보았다.

광섬유 다발을 이용한 다초점 현미경

구영모,함효식,최성을,Gu, Young-Mo,Ham, Hyo-Shick,Choi, Sung-Eul 한국광학회 2009 한국광학회지 Vol.20 No.6

We have constructed and analyzed the performance of a simple fiber bundle multi-focal microscope. The microscope had a fiber bundle substituted for micro-lens array that is the core part of MMM(multi-focal multi-photon microscope). The MMM is a type of confocal microscope. To analyze the performance and characteristics of the fiber bundle multi-focal microscope, three types of samples were used: a standard grating, USAF 1951(7, 3), and 1951(7, 6). Using two polarizers and a polarizing beam splitter, we eliminated noise and got clear images. We obtained the FWHM of fiber spot images with the standard grating using two different magnifier lenses which were 63X and 20X, and found an image of the sample as a distribution of fiber spot images. For this case we used the low magnification lens, which gives denser distribution, so that we could get clearer images. In order to test the resolution of the fiber bundle multi-focal microscopic system, we used the USAF 1951 sample which has a smaller line interval than that of the standard grating. The FWHM of the line width of the image coincides well with the real line width of the USAF 1951 sample. We confirmed the performance of a fiber bundle multi-focal microscopic system which is relatively simple but has submicron resolution and is able to get 1600 images at the same time. 공초점 현미경 중 하나로 각광받는 MMM(multi-focal multi-photon microscope)의 핵심부분인 미세렌즈 배열판을 광섬유 다발로 대체한 간단한 형태의 광섬유 다발 다초점 현미경을 구성하여 그 성능을 분석하였다. 이 현미경의 성능 분석을 위하여 세 종류의 시료를 사용하였으며, 두 개의 편광판과 편광 빔 분리기를 사용하여 노이즈를 제거한 뚜렷한 상을 얻을 수 있었다. 표준격자 시료를 사용하여 1차 대물렌즈의 배율을 63배와 20배로 달리하면서 광점 상의 FWHM를 구하였고, 광점 상들의 분포 속에서 물체의 상을 볼 수 있었으며, 분포가 조밀한 저배율의 1차 대물렌즈를 사용할 경우에 보다 선명한 시료의 상을 얻을 수 있었다. 광섬유 다발 다초점 현미경의 분해능을 시험하기 위해서 표준격자 시료보다 격자 간격이 작은 USAF 1951을 시료로 사용하여 상을 측정하여 얻은 시료 상의 FWHM와 주어진 시료의 선폭 값이 서로 잘 일치함을 볼 수 있었다. 광섬유 다발 다초점 현미경은 1개의 광섬유 다발을 사용함으로써 시스템을 간소화시켰고, 마이크론 이하의 분해능을 가지며, 광섬유의 개수인 1600개의 광점 상을 동시에 얻을 수 있었다.

가상 현미경을 이용한 병리학 실습 교재의 시험적 제작과 적용

송지선(Ji Sun Song),이상엽(Sang Yeop Yi),오화은(Hwa Eun Oh) 한국의학교육학회 2006 Korean journal of medical education Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: Learning the concepts of pathology can be facilitated by repeated learning situations with illustrative pathology images. Virtual microscopes are digital facsimiles of glass slides that can be viewed on a computer screen. This study was designed to evaluate the possibility of using virtual microscopes as a teaching modality in the pathology laboratory. Methods: The virtual microscope was produced from high resolution images scanned by an exclusive slide scanner from newly made teaching glass slides. The final teaching material was put up on personal computers in the computer laboratory, classroom, and medical library. Results: This material was easily accessed by exclusive viewers. The students readily adapted to the use of virtual microscopes. The quality of the images in this material was appropriate for viewing. The response from the students displayed highly significant differences between the traditional and virtual microscopes, with the virtual microscope being preferred. Conclusion: The virtual microscopes in this study were helpful for medical students studying pathology. The results of this implementation suggest that virtual microscope technology may be extended to other educational venues where traditional microscopes and photomicrographs are currently used.

Super-resolution Microscopy with Adaptive Optics for Volumetric Imaging

박상준,민철홍,한석영,최은진,조경옥,장현종,김문석 한국광학회 2022 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.6 No.6

Optical microscopy is a useful tool for study in the biological sciences. With an optical microscope, we can observe the micro world of life such as tissues, cells, and proteins. A fluorescent dye or a fluorescent protein provides an opportunity to mark a specific target in the crowd of biological samples, so that an image of a specific target can be observed by an optical microscope. The optical microscope, however, is constrained in resolution due to diffraction limit. Super-resolution microscopy made a breakthrough with this diffraction limit. Using a super-resolution microscope, many biomolecules are observed beyond the diffraction limit in cells. In the case of volumetric imaging, the super-resolution techniques are only applied to a limited area due to long imaging time, multiple scattering of photons, and sample-induced aberration in deep tissue. In this article, we review recent advances in superresolution microscopy for volumetric imaging. The super-resolution techniques have been integrated with various modalities, such as a line-scan confocal microscope, a spinning disk confocal microscope, a light sheet microscope, and point spread function engineering. Super-resolution microscopy combined with adaptive optics by compensating for wave distortions is a promising method for deep tissue imaging and biomedical applications.

Optical Loupe와 현미경을 이용한 단층정관정관문합술의 비교

김종구,조인래,박석산,최희석,Kim, Jong-Gu,Cho, In-Rae,Park, Seok-San,Choi, Hee-Seok 대한생식의학회 2000 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.27 No.1

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare results of the macroscopic one-layer vasovasostomy with those of microscopic one-layer vasovasostomy and to analyze the change of semen parameters according to the interval of vasal obstruction. Method and Materials: Between March 1987 and December 1997, we performed 121 vasovasostomies using modified one-layer technique with loupe magnification (macroscopic vasovasostomy) or microscope. Among the 68 could be followed post-operatively, 37 patients were treated by macroscopic technique with loupe, and 31 patients by microscopic technique. We compared rates of anatomical patency (sperm count above than $10{\times}10^{6}$/ml) and pregnancy of macroscopic vasovasotomy with those of microscopic vasovasostomy. Patency and pregnancy rates according to vasal obstructive interval were also examined. Results: The patency rates of macroscopic and microscopic technique were 86.5% and 87.1%, and pregnancy rates of macroscopic and microscopic technique were 64.9% and 67.7%. There was no statistical significance between these two methods (p>0.05). The pregnancy rates and sperm motility were decreased if more than 10 years had elapsed following vasectomy (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found little difference in success rates resulting from macroscopic and microscopic vasovasostomy and the former had the advantage of reduced cost and a lower operator skill level. In post-operative semen analysis, the sperm motility was the most probable factor associated with vasal obstructive interval.

일차성 구순열 성형술후 구순열 근육의 미세구조적 변화

조백현,조태영,안호범,김대영,이삼용,이민철 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.1

TThe cleft lip is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly, the anatomical difference in operated patient and normal person by several authors. Authors deserved the ultrastructural changes in secondary cleft lip patients treated with primary cheiloplasty. We obtained eighteen muscle specimens from the upper lip of 18 patients during the time of secondary lip revision. It was stained with Hematoxylin Eosin, Epon-toluidine blue and histochemical method, and examined by light microscope. Also it was examined by electron microscope with various stain and several steps. We found the extensive collagenous fibrosis with various atrophy of muscles by light microscope, and the myofibroblast with rER, mitochondria, and abundant intermediate filaments by electron microscope in 14 cases. We also found muscular atrophy characterized with variable size of muscle fibers by light microscope, and marked variation of muscle fiber size with sarcoplasmic vacuoles, myocytolysis and internal migration of nuclei by electron microscope in 4 cases. In conclusion, in the most cases the major part of the tissues were surrounded by progressive fibrosis, the mild muscular atrophy was seen at some cases.

Suppression of Melanose Caused by Diaporthe citri on Citrus Leaves Pretreated with Bio-sulfur

Shin, Yong Ho,Ko, Eun Ju,Kim, Su Jeong,Hyun, He Nam,Jeun, Yong Chull The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.5

Melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, is one of severe diseases in citrus, a major economic resource in Jeju island. To reduce the usage amount of organic synthetic fungicide, bio-sulfur was tested as an alternative chemical to control citrus melanose in the present study. Direct antifungal activity of bio-sulfur against D. citri was determined through in vitro experiment using artificial nutrient media. Disease severity of melanose on bio-sulfur pretreated citrus leaves was lower than that on untreated ones. To illustrate the mechanism of disease suppression by bio-sulfur, infection structures were observed with a fluorescent microscope and a scanning electron microscope. In fluorescent microscopic observation, most conidia rarely germinated. In addition, hyphal growth on leaves pretreated with bio-sulfur was inhibited compared to that on untreated ones. In scanning electron microscope images of bio-sulfur pretreated leaves, surfaces of most conidia were shrunk while hyphae were morphologically changed and frequently branched. Such microscopic observations were also found for leaves pretreated with a commercial fungicide Dithianon. These results suggest that bio-sulfur may be used to control citrus melanose as an environment friendly alternative to organic synthetic fungicides

생체 내 심부조직 이미징을 위한 고속 이광자 현미경 개발

이병학(Byunghak Lee),정보수(Bosu Jeong),남효석(Hyo Seock Nam),윤상준(Sang June Yoon),김기현(Ki Hean Kim) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.11

We have developed two-photon microscope which is optimized for in-vivo deep tissue imaging. We have developed two-photon microscope which is optimized for in-vivo deep tissue imaging. This system was characterized by signal decay and PSF measurement. Axial resolution of this system increases with increasing depth. And light scattering by tissue limits the imaging depth of two-photon microscope. Using commercial microscope body cannot detect all of emission light through the objective lens. So, we are upgrading two-photon microscope for detecting all of fluorescence signals which are ballistic and scattered. This new system provides deeper and better for in-vivo deep tissue imaging.

Suppression of Melanose Caused by Diaporthe citri on Citrus Leaves Pretreated with Bio-sulfur

Yong Ho Shin,Eun Ju Ko,Su Jeong Kim,He Nam Hyun,Yong Chull Jeun 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.5

Melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, is one of severe diseases in citrus, a major economic resource in Jeju island. To reduce the usage amount of organic synthetic fungicide, bio-sulfur was tested as an alternative chemical to control citrus melanose in the present study. Direct antifungal activity of bio-sulfur against D. citri was determined through in vitro experiment using artificial nutrient media. Disease severity of melanose on bio-sulfur pretreated citrus leaves was lower than that on untreated ones. To illustrate the mechanism of disease suppression by bio-sulfur, infection structures were observed with a fluorescent microscope and a scanning electron microscope. In fluorescent microscopic observation, most conidia rarely germinated. In addition, hyphal growth on leaves pretreated with biosulfur was inhibited compared to that on untreated ones. In scanning electron microscope images of biosulfur pretreated leaves, surfaces of most conidia were shrunk while hyphae were morphologically changed and frequently branched. Such microscopic observations were also found for leaves pretreated with a commercial fungicide Dithianon. These results suggest that bio-sulfur may be used to control citrus melanose as an environment friendly alternative to organic synthetic fungicides