비만에서 adipose tissue 호르몬에 의한 metabolic signaling

장영훈 한국생명과학회 2023 생명과학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Healthy adipose tissue is critical for preventing obesity by maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Adipose tissue plays an important role in energy homeostasis through glucose and lipid metabolism. Depending on nutritional status, adipose tissue expands to store lipids or can be consumed by lipolysis. The role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ is emerging, and many studies have reported that there are various adipose tissue hormones that communicate with other organs and tissues through metabolic signaling. For example, leptin, a representative peptide hormone secreted from adipose tissues (adipokine), circulates and targets the central nervous system of the brain for appetite regression. Furthermore, adipocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines to target immune cells in adipose tissues. Not surprisingly, adipocytes can secrete fatty acid-derived hormones (lipokine) that bind to their specific receptors for paracrine and endocrine action. To understand organ crosstalk by adipose tissue hormones, specific metabolic signaling in adipocytes and other communicating cells should be defined. The dysfunction of metabolic signaling in adipocytes occurs in unhealthy adipose tissue in overweight and obese conditions. Therapy targeting novel adipose metabolic signaling could potentially lead to the development of an effective anti-obesity drug. This review summarizes the latest updates on adipose tissue hormone and metabolic signaling in terms of obesity and metabolic diseases.

운동형태가 비만청소년의 대사호르몬에 미치는 영향

천정필(Cheon Jeong-Pil),이상호(Lee Sang-Ho),한상철(Han Sang-Chul) 한국체육과학회 2006 한국체육과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

This study was performed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks exercise training which divided aerobic and resistance exercise on the metabolic hormone in obese adolescents. The subjects were 30 who were divided into control group(n=10), aerobic exercise group(n=10) and resistance exercise group(n=10) according to the presence of training. The components of the metabolic hormone were assessed insulin. cortisol. leptin, growth hormone twice, prior to and after the 12 week training period. Aerobic exercise training consisted of treadmill walking. running at 60-70% of HRR(80 minutesㆍday-1, 3 daysㆍweek-1) and resistance training performed three sets of lifts using 60-70% of 1RM to complete each of 12 rep/3set (3 daysㆍweek-1) during 12 weeks. The results of the present study were as follows: the components of the metabolic hormone. insulin(p<.01), cortisol(p<.01), leptin(p<.001), GH(p<.001) significantly decreased in the aerobic and resistance exercise group. and all other components showed positive changes as well. On the other hand. in the control group, most of the components did not change significantly. And there was significantly differences of training effect on insulin(p<.001). leptin(p<.001). GH(p<.001) between those three groups and there was no differences of training effect on cortisol between those three groups. In conclusion, when applying aerobic. resistance training appeared positive effects on metabolic hormone.

8주간 HCA섭취와 에어로빅운동이 비만노인 여성들의 대사증후군 및 비만관련호르몬에 미치는 영향

송상훈,고옥선,송신영,조홍관 한국스포츠학회 2023 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구에서는 비만노인 여성들을 대상으로 8주간 HCA섭취(1일 2회, 2,000mg)와 에어로빅운동이 대사증후군 및 비만관련호르몬에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위하여, HCA섭취와 에어로빅운동 집단 7명, 에어로빅운동군 7명, 위약섭취군 7명으로 구성하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대사증후군의 중성지방에서 집단과 시점간의 상호작용 효과가 나타났다. 하지만 세집단 모두 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 비만관련호르몬의 인슐린에서 집단과 시점간의 상호작용 효과가 나타났다. 특히 HCA섭취와 에어로빅운동 집단에서만 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해보면, 8주간 HCA섭취가 비만노인 여성들의 대사증후군 및 비만관련호르몬에서 다소 미비한 결과를 보였다. 따라서, 추후 연구에서는 HCA섭취 기간과 섭취량을 고려한 다양한 연구가 이루어져야 하겠다. To find out how 8-week HCA intake (twice a day, 2,000mg) and aerobic exercise influence obese elderly women’s metabolic syndrome, and obesity-related hormones, this study formed a group of 7 people for HCA intake and aerobic exercise, a group of 7 for aerobic exercise, and a group of 7 for placebo intake. The results derived from this study are summarized as follows. First, in triglycerides out of metabolic syndrome, there were interactive effects found between the group and the point of time. However, there was no significant difference found in all three groups. Second, in insulin out of obesity-related hormones, interactive effects were found between the group and the point of time. In particular, significant difference was found only in the group of HCA intake and aerobic exercise. To sum up the above results, 8-week HCA intake had rather subtle effects on obese elderly women’s metabolic syndrome, and obesity-related hormones. Therefore, follow-up studies will have to conducted multilaterally in consideration of the duration and amount of HCA intake.

The Effects of Training and Detraining on Metabolic Hormones in Rats

( Jae Hoon Jang ),( Chang Hwa Joo ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2017 운동과학 Vol.26 No.2

PURPOSE: We conclude that exercise training-induced effects in metabolic hormones continue for a prolonged period of detraining, but they are not associated with exercise intensity or detraining-induced increases in body weight.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of diverse exercise training intensities, training periods and detraining periods on metabolic hormones. METHODS: Eighty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 6 weeks, 173-200 g) were divided into 12 different groups by training, detraining, and control conditions. Exercise training consisted of low-intensity training and high-intensity training programs performed in the laboratory on a motor-driven rodent treadmill once per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Body weight significantly increased in all the conditions after the 12-week training period, with significant interaction among the conditions (p<.01). Body weights in the low-intensity trained detrained (LTD) and high-intensity trained detrained (HTD) groups were similar to those in the control groups after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of detraining (p<.05). There were significant differences in the hormones (leptin, insulin, and cortisol) between the control and trained detrained condition after 12 weeks of training, and 6 weeks and 12 weeks of detraining (p<.01), with no significant interaction between the trained detrained conditions (p<.05).

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP337B5) plays a key role in regulating juvenile hormone biosynthesis and degrading chlorantraniliprole in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Guo Xiaxia,Hou Jiangan,Zhang Wenjie,Zhang Yongheng,Li Haolin,Cao Wenjing,Li Honghong,Li Xuesheng 한국응용곤충학회 2024 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.27 No.3

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) has been shown to be involved in the detoxification metabolism of exogenous drugs or regulates the endogenous synthesis of juvenile hormone III (JH III). However, it is not yet known whether a particular P450 gene involved in the metabolism also affects the synthesis of juvenile hormones. Fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) showed a significant increase in juvenile hormone I (JH I) and juvenile hormone II (JH II) under chlorantraniliprole stress, and 11 chlorantraniliprole resistance-related P450 genes were significantly up-regulated. Among them, CYP337B5 was not only overexpressed in the midgut and head of FAW larvae, but also significantly increased in the female and male adult stages with high JH I and JH II titers. Injecting double-stranded RNA significantly reduced the metabolism rate of chlorantraniliprole in FAW and inhibited the production of juvenile hormones. Additionally, the degradation rates of chlorantraniliprole were significantly increased along with the production of various metabolites when incubated in vitro using recombinant CYP337B5; and JH I and JH II were also increased to some extent by 1.2 and 0.5 times. The results show that CYP337B5 is efficiently involved in the metabolism of chlorantraniliprole and specifically involved in the synthesis of JH I and JH II. We show that some P450s may have dual functions of endogenous hormone synthesis and exogenous substance metabolism in insects, which may be the root cause of the cost of drug resistance in insects.

갑상선 자극 호르몬 농도가 정상 범위 내에 있는 성인에서 갑상선 자극 호르몬 수치와 대사증후군의 관련성

신황식(Hwang Sik Shin),김진리(Jin Ri Kim),서주영(Ju Young Seo),신경숙(Kyung Suk Shin),유병욱(Byung Wook Yoo),조용진(Yong Jin Cho),오정은(Jung Eun Oh),홍성호(Sung Ho Hong),조주연(Choo Yon Cho) 대한임상노인의학회 2014 대한임상노인의학회지 Vol.15 No.1

연구배경: 이번 연구는 일개 대학병원 건강검진센터 수검자를 대상으로 대사증후군과 갑상선 자극 호르몬의 연관성을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 2010년 2월부터 2011년 2월 까지 한 대학병원 건강검진센터를 방문했던 갑상선 자극 호르몬 농도가 정상인 20세 이상 성인 남녀 5,526명을 연구 대상으로 성별, 연령, 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 혈압, 공복혈당, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤, 갑상선 자극 호르몬을 측정하였고 문진을 통해 갑상선 질환의 기왕력을 조사하였다. 갑상선 자극 호르몬 농도를 백분위에 의거하여 4군으로 분류한 후 각 집단에 대한 대사증후군과의 연관성을 평가하였다. 결과: 혈청 갑상선 자극 호르몬 농도는 혈압, 공복 혈당과 관련이 있었다(P<0.05). 대사 증후군의 유병률은 전체 21.6% (1194명)이었고, 갑상선 자극 호르몬 농도에 따라 23.1%, 21.5%, 21.0%, 20.8%였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 갑상선 자극 호르몬 농도에 따라 대사증후군의 위험도는 연령, 성별, 체질량 지수 보정 전후에서 모두 연관성이 없었다. 결론: 갑상선 자극 호르몬 농도가 정상 범위 내에 있는 성인에서 갑상선 자극 호르몬 농도의 수준과 대사증후군 사이에 독립적인 연관성은 없었다. Background: Several studies have shown that the risk of cardiovascular disease is elevated by the metabolic syndrome and thyroid hormone. Thus, it is necessary to access the relation of thyroid hormone and the risk factor of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the metabolic syndrome. Methods: Subjects for this cross-sectional study were 5,526 men and women aged 20 years and more, who visited the health promotion center of one university hospital in Chungcheongnam-do for general health check-up from February 2010 to February 2011. Study people with normal TSH level divided into four groups according to serum TSH level quartiles. Age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were compared with serum TSH concentration. The contribution of parameters of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with TSH level was assessed. Results: Serum TSH level related with diastolic BP, systolic BP, and fasting glucose level (P<0.05). But the other components showed no difference among the groups. TSH was not related with the metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: There was no association between serum TSH level and metabolic syndrome in healthy euthyroid subjects.

Effects of growth hormone on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in human

김신혜,박미정 대한소아내분비학회 2017 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.22 No.3

Growth hormone (GH) is important for promotion of somatic growth and the regulation of substrate metabolism. Metabolic action of GH occurs in multiple tissues including the liver, muscle, fat and pancreas either directly or indirectly through insulin-like growth factor 1. The diabetogenic action of GH has been well-described in previous in vivo studies. In this paper, we review the metabolic effects of GH on peripheral tissues focusing on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, and discuss results from human studies on the long-term effects of GH administration on insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.

From the Photosynthesis to Hormone Biosynthesis in Plants

Hyong Woo Choi 한국식물병리학회 2024 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.40 No.2

Land plants produce glucose (C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>6</SUB>) through photosynthesis by utilizing carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and light energy. Glucose can be stored in various polysaccharide forms for later use (e.g., sucrose in fruit, amylose in plastids), used to create cellulose, the primary structural component of cell walls, and immediately metabolized to generate cellular energy, adenosine triphosphate, through a series of respiratory pathways including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, plants must metabolize glucose into amino acids, nucleotides, and various plant hormones, which are crucial for regulating many aspects of plant physiology. This review will summarize the biosynthesis of different plant hormones, such as auxin, salicylic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid, in relation to glucose metabolism.

영양소 과잉 혹은 결핍에 의한 성장호르몬 축 기능의 변화

박승준 대한내분비학회 2011 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.26 No.4

Growth hormone (GH) is produced in a select population of cells, somatotropes, located in the anterior pituitary gland. GH is released into the general circulation where it interacts with multiple peripheral tissues through its receptor, GH receptor, to regulate growth and metabolic function. GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin are the primary positive and negative regulators of GH secretion, respectively. More recently, ghrelin has emerged as an additional stimulatory hormone for GH release. In humans,GH levels decrease in states of nutrient excess, such as obesity, and increase in response to nutrient deprivation, such as fasting, type 1 diabetes, and anorexia nervosa. Considering that GH regulates metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein, clarifying the mechanisms by which metabolic changes alter pituitary GH synthesis and secretion will increase our knowledge on the pathophysiology and treatment of metabolic diseases. In this review, the effect of nutrient excess and nutrient deficiency on GHaxis function in humans and other mammals will be summarized, with particular emphasis on studies exploring the direct effects of systemic signals, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin, on somatotrope function. Additionally, new mouse models with somatotrope-specific knockout of IGF-1 and insulin receptors generated by using the Cre/loxP system will be discussed.

From the Photosynthesis to Hormone Biosynthesis in Plants

최형우 한국식물병리학회 2024 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.40 No.1

Land plants produce glucose (C6H12O6) through photosynthesis by utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and light energy. Glucose can be stored in various polysaccharide forms for later use (e.g., sucrose in fruit, amylose in plastids), used to create cellulose, the primary structural component of cell walls, and immediately metabolized to generate cellular energy, adenosine triphosphate, through a series of respiratory pathways including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, plants must metabolize glucose into amino acids, nucleotides, and various plant hormones, which are crucial for regulating many aspects of plant physiology. This review will summarize the biosynthesis of different plant hormones, such as auxin, salicylic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid, in relation to glucose metabolism.