채소 및 과수 작목에서 화분매개곤충 이용현황 실태조사

윤형주(Hyung Joo Yoon),이경용(Kyeong Yong Lee),박인균(In Gyun Park),김미애(Mi Ae Kim),김윤미(Yun Mi Kim),강필돈(Pil Don Kang) 한국양봉학회 2013 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.28 No.1

It was surveyed the current status of commercial insect pollinators use for horticultural crops in 2011. Bumblebees, honeybees and mason bees were used in 19 horticultural crops. The use rate and number of use farmer of insect pollinators in 19 horticultural crops were 25.7% and 58,256, respectively. The use number of insect pollinators was 348,110 colonies, which included 268,546 colonies for honeybees, 60,251 colonies for bumblebees, 9,761 colonies for mason bees, and 9,551 colonies for mixed bumblebees, honeybees and mason bees. The use rate of pollinators for 10 vegetable crops averaged 48.4%, which was calculated strawberry (99.9%), oriental melon (81.2%), water melon (40.4%), tomato (40.4%), melon (38.4%), pepper (35.4%), paprika (15.2%), egg plants (10.8%), zucchini (5.3%) and cucumber (0.02%). The use number of insect pollinators in 10 vegetable crops was 306,856 colonies, which included 246,398 colonies for honeybees, 52,684 colonies for bumblebees, and 7,774 colonies for mixed bumblebees and honeybees. The use rate of pollinators for 9 fruit tree crops averaged 14.1%, which was calculated blueberry (23.2%), pear (23.0%), apple (40.4%), egg plants (17.8%), persimmon (14.9%), Rubus corearus (9.1), Mulberry fruit (2.8%), plum (2.8%), peach (1.9%) and pomegranate (07%). The use number of insect pollinators in 9 fruit tree crops was 41,011 colonies, which included 21,905 colonies for honeybees, 7,567 colonies for bumblebees, and 9,761 colonies for mason bees, and 1,778 colonies for mixed bumblebees, honeybees and mason bees. Most farmers expressed a positive intention as 80.6% in use of insect pollinators. And also, 93.3% of farmers intend to use continuously insect pollinators.

국내 채소 및 과수 재배 시 화분매개곤충 이용현황

윤형주(Hyung Joo Yoon),이경용(Kyeong Yong Lee),이희삼(Hee Sam Lee),이만영(Man Young Lee),최용수(Yong Soo Choi),이명렬(Myeong Lyeol Lee),김기형(Gi Hyoung Kim) 한국양봉학회 2017 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

We have surveyed the current status of insect pollinators use for horticultural crops in 2016. The use rate and farm number of insect pollinators for 26 horticultural crops were 25.8% and 55,208, respectively. The colony number of insect pollinators used in this survey was 479,777, which include 344,690 for honeybees, 119,104 for bumblebees, 12,051 for mason bees, 1,317 for flies, and 2,415 for the combination of bumblebees, honeybees, and mason bees. The use rate of insect pollinators was 59.4% for 11 vegetable crops, such as onion (100%), strawberry (99.9%), oriental melon (93.8%), melon (82.8%), water melon (64.8%), tomato (63.6%), pepper (31.8%), paprika (5.9%), zucchini (1.6%), bitter melon (1.2%), and cucumber (0.2%). The colony number of insect pollinators used for 11 vegetable crops was 449,287, which include honeybees (72.3%), bumblebees (25.1%), flies (0.2%), and the combination (2.4%) of bumblebees and honeybees. The use rate of insect pollinators was 9.0% for 15 fruit tree crops, such as mango (100%), raspberry (24.0%), apple (18.3%), persimmon (14.0%), passion fruit (5.5%), boxthorn (4.5%), blueberry (3.8%), Korean raspberry (3.1%), pear (2.7%), cherry (2.2%), pomegranate (1.0%), plum (0.4%), peach (0.2%), kiwi (0.2%), and jujube (0.02%). The colony number of insect pollinators used for 15 fruit tree crops was 30,290, which include honeybees (66.3%), bumblebees (20.2%), mason bees (8.0%), flies (1.6%), and the combination (3.9%) of bumblebees, honeybees, and mason bees. Together, farms of 97.8% showed positive effect for the use of insect pollinators and most of farms (97.0%) planed for the continuous use of insect pollinators.

국내 과채류에서 화분매개곤충 이용현황

윤형주(Hyung Joo Yoon),이경용(Kyeong Yong Lee),이영보(Young Bo Lee),이만영(Man Young Lee),Kathannan Sankar,박정동(Jung Dong Park) 한국양봉학회 2021 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.36 No.3

We have surveyed the current status of insect pollinators use for horticultural crops in 2020. The use rate and farm number of insect pollinators for 27 horticultural crops were 28.0% and 64,049, respectively. The colony number of insect pollinators used in this survey was 615,609, which include 413,359 for honeybees, 181,141 for bumblebees, 16 for mason bees, 545 for flies, and 20,548 for the combination of bumblebees, honeybees, and mason bees. The use rate of insect pollinators was 67.2% for 12 vegetable crops, such as strawberry (100%), onion (100%), oriental melon (93.1%), water melon (92.7%), tomato (84.5%), melon (72.7%), pepper (38.9%), paprika (8.7%), zucchini (2.1%), eggplant (3.4%), bitter melon (4.6%), and cucumber (1.0%). The colony number of insect pollinators used for 12 vegetable crops was 581,635, which include honeybees (67.0%), bumblebees (29.7%), flies (0.1%), and the combination (3.2%) of bumblebees and honeybees. The use rate of insect pollinators was 10.5% for 15 fruit tree crops, such as mango (100%), raspberry (18.6%), apple (20.0%), persimmon (7.5%), pear (5.9%), plum (10.2%), peach (0.2%), blueberry (7.1%), Korean raspberry (0.3%), cherry (0.2%), pomegranate (1.2%), kiwi (0.1%), passion fruit (7.1%), boxthorn (51.5%) and raw jujube (2.8%). The colony number of insect pollinators used for 15 fruit tree crops was 33,974, which include honeybees (70.2%), bumblebees (24.1%), mason bees (0.0%), flies (0.8%), and the combination (4.9%) of bumblebees, honeybees, and mason bees. Together, most of farms (98.9%) showed positive effect for the use of insect pollinators and farms of 98.4% planed for the continuous use of insect pollinators.

Survey of Insect Pollinator Use for Horticultural Crops in Korea, 2016

Hyung Joo Yoon,Kyeong Yong Lee,Hee Sam Lee,Man Young Lee,Yong Soo Choi,Myeong Lyeol Lee,Gi Hyoung Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

We have surveyed the current status of insect pollinator use for horticultural crops in 2016. The use rate and farmnumber of insect pollinators for 26 horticultural crops were 25.8% and 55,208, respectively. The colony number of insectpollinators used in this survey was 479,777, which include 344,690 for honeybees, 119,104 for bumblebees, 2,415 formason bees, 1,317 for flies, and 2,415 for the combination of bumblebees, honeybees, and mason bees. The use rateof insect pollinators was 59.4% for 11 vegetable crops and the colony number of insect pollinators used for 11 vegetablecrops was 449,287. The colony number of insect pollinators used for 15 fruit tree crops was 30,290, which include honeybees(66.3%), bumblebees (20.2%), mason bees (8.0%), flies (1.6%), and the combination (3.9%) of bumblebees, honeybees,and mason bees. Together, farms of 98% showed positive effect for the use of insect pollinators and most of farms (97.0%)planed for the continuous use of insect pollinators

사과에서 머리뿔가위벌(Osmia cornifrons)의 적정 방사 성비와 밀도

이경용(Kyeong Yong Lee),이정애(Jung Ae Lee),한현희(Hyun Hee Han),나동열(Dong Youl Na),김선영(Sun Young Kim),윤형주(Hyung Joo Yoon) 한국양봉학회 2016 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

We investigated nesting behavior and pollination efficiency as functions of the sex ratio and density in released bees to determine standard quantities of Osmia cornifrons per 2,000㎡ for apple pollination. The nesting behavior, reproduction, fruit set and shape of O. cornifrons varied significantly with the released sex ratio of O. cornifrons. A female : male sex ratio of 1 : 2 was resulted in a 3.4 to 6.7 fold higher than other sex ratio in a nesting behavior. Releasing only females resulted in a 1.2 to 6.7-fold higher trap nesting rate than other sex ratios. A ratio of 1 : 2 resulted in a 1.2-fold nesting rate, which was slightly higher than other nesting rates. Releasing only males resulted in a 2.4-fold greater amount of fruit set in non-pollinated sites. A sex ratio of 1 : 2 gave a slightly higher shape index and a 1.2 to 1.6-fold lower asymmetric index than other sex ratios. Therefore, an efficient sex ratio of O. cornifrons to release is 1 : 2 for apple pollination. The nesting behavior and reproduction varied significantly with the release density of O. cornifrons females. Releasing 400 female bees resulted in 1.8 to 3.5-fold higher nesting behavior and a 4.3 to 7.8-fold higher trap-nesting rate than other numbers of female bees. However, there was no significant difference between female release numbers in fruit set, and 100 to 200 females gave a slightly higher shape index than 400 females. Thus, we determined that 200 females should be released per 2,000㎡ and that the sex ratio of females to males should be 1 : 2.

전국 사과원 주산지에서의 뿔가위벌류 사용실태 조사

이경용(Kyeong Yong Lee),윤형주(Hyung Joo Yoon),박인균(In Gyun Park),권천락(Cheon Rak Kwon),이상철(Sang Cheol Lee) 한국양봉학회 2010 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

Mason bees, Osmia spp., are used mainly to pollinate Korean and Japanese apple orchards. We surveyed the current status of mason bees to augment Osmia bees use as pollinators of fruit tree. The number of Osmia spp. produced in 2007 was 500,000. The time of mason bees supply was from 1996 to 2003 and 71.1% of apple farmers was firstly used in 2000 to 2003. The most apple farmers were a positive intention in the use of mason bees for apple pollination. The advantages in mason bees use were improvement of regular shape and seed setting percentage, which was 62.1% and 23.7%, respectively. The problems were shortage of supply and low activity at bad weather. And also, 79.1% of farmers have an intention to use mason bees for apple pollination if mason bees supply is sufficient.

Biology of the mason bee Osmia latreillei (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) under artificial nesting conditions in Egypt

Mohamed A. Shebl,Hanan A. Hassan,Soliman M. Kamel,Mohamed A.M. Osman,Michael S. Engel 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.3

The mason bee Osmia (Helicosmia) latreillei Spinola is one of the dominant species of bees throughout Egypt, and can be found commonly in the Suez Canal Region. The species visits numerous plant species of the family Asteraceae and is considered the most important pollinator of certain crops such as sunflower. This species and some other solitary cavity nesting bees are threatened by fragmentation of their nesting habitats. Several attempts were made to establish and propagate O. latreillei, and success was achieved for re-nesting it in various artificial materials such as wood and polystyrene with rolled paper straws. These artificial nests were established at the conservation area of the Bee Research Centre, Suez Canal University, in order to study the nesting behavior and biology of O. latreillei under artificial conditions and to document their natural enemies. Biologically, there was no significance difference between the life cycle of O. latreillei under natural and artificial nesting conditions. This solitary bee was univoltine, individuals active only during Spring, and attacked by diverse enemies, with Stelis (Stelis) murina Pérez and chrysidid wasps considered the two most major pests of this wild bee species.

Current Status and Agriculture Utilization of Commercial Managed Insect Pollinators in Korea

Hyung Joo Yoon,Kyeong Yong Lee,Mi Ae Kim,In GyunPark 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

Commercially managed bees are available for pollination services and are used in large commercial fields, small gardens, or enclosures such as greenhouses and screen houses. We investigated the use rate and number of commercial bees such as bumblebees, honeybees and mason bees for the pollination of 10 major horticultural crops and fruit trees in Korea. The use rates of bumblebees for 10 major horticultural crops and fruit trees were approximately 7.9% and 2.8% in 2009, respectively. The use numbers of bumblebees as pollinators was more than 64,345 colonies which included 51,400 for 10 major horticultural crops and 12,945 colonies for 10 major fruit trees, in 2009. The use rate of honeybees as a pollinator for 10 major horticultural crops in greenhouses and fruit trees were approximately 48.0% and 7.7%, respectively. The number of hives used for 10 horticultural crops and fruit trees was estimated to be 305,216 and 32,386, respectively. The number of honeybees hives used for pollination of 10 major horticultural crops and fruit trees was estimated to be 337,602. The use numbers of honeybees as pollinators was more than 337,602 hives in 10 major horticultural crops and fruit trees, in 2009. The number of honeybee hives used as pollinators of outside crops, including many fruits and vegetables, was estimated to be more than 500,000. The value of honeybees as pollinators was estimated to be more than 8.5% to 15.0% of total Korean beekeeping products. The rate of use of mason bees for 10 major fruit trees was approximately 3.3%. The number of mason bees individuals used for 10 major fruit trees was estimated to be 1,350,000. The value of commercial insect pollinators in 2009 in Korea was estimated at more than $45 million.

Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation of the Mason Bee, Osmia cornifrons (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Kim, Hwa-Young,Lee, Kyeong-Yong,Lee, Sang-Beom,Kim, Se-Ryeon,Hong, Mee-Yeon,Kim, Dong-Young,Kim, Ik-Soo Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.16 No.2

In order to understand geographic genetic variation and relationship among populations of the mason bee (Osmia cornifrons Radoszkowsky), which is used as pollinator for apple tree, we sequenced a portion of mitochondrial (mt) COI gene, which corresponds to "DNA Barcode" region (658 bp) from 81 O. cornifrons individuals collected over eight localities in Korea. The sequence data revealed overall moderate to low genetic diversity within species, with a maximum sequence divergence of 0.76%. Geographically, two haplotypes (BAROC01 and BAROC02) were widespread with a frequency of 82.7%, whereas several haplotypes were found in a locality as a single individual, suggesting that haplotype distribution can be summarized as coexistence of a few widespread haplotypes and several regionally restricted haplotypes. Overall, high rate of per generation female migration (Nm=$1.1{\sim}$infinite) and low level of geographic subdivision ($F_{ST}=0{\sim}0.315$) among localities were characteristic. Although two populations (p < 0.026) were genetically subdivided from the remaining localities, no clear polarity was observed. Taken together, the nature of genetic divergence of the mason bee populations is characterized as one that possessing moderate to low genetic diversity, high gene flow, and wide spread haplotypes with ahigh frequency, concordant with the capability of dispersal in connection with the lack of historical biogeographic barriers.

Research Articles : Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation of the Mason Bee, Osmia cornifrons (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

( Hwa Young Kim ),( Kyeong Yong Lee ),( Sang Beom Lee ),( Se Ryeon Kim ),( Mee Yeon Hong ),( Dong Young Kim ),( Ik Soo Kim ) 한국잠사학회 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.16 No.2

In order to understand geographic genetic variation and relationship among populations of the mason bee (Osmia cornifrons Radoszkowsky), which is used as pollinator for apple tree, we sequenced a portion of mitochondrial (mt) COI gene, which corresponds to "DNA Barcode" region (658 bp) from 81 O. cornifrons individuals collected over eight localities in Korea. The sequence data revealed overall moderate to low genetic diversity within species, with a maximum sequence divergence of 0.76%. Geographically, two haplotypes (BAROC01 and BAROC02) were widespread with a frequency of 82.7%, whereas several haplotypes were found in a locality as a single individual, suggesting that haplotype distribution can be summarized as coexistence of a few widespread haplotypes and several regionally restricted haplotypes. Overall, high rate of per generation female migration (Nm=1.1~infinite) and low level of geographic subdivision (F(ST)=0~0.315) among localities were characteristic. Although two populations (p<0.026) were genetically subdivided from the remaining localities, no clear polarity was observed. Taken together, the nature of genetic divergence of the mason bee populations is characterized as one that possessing moderate to low genetic diversity, high gene flow, and wide spread haplotypes with a high frequency, concordant with the capability of dispersal in connection with the lack of historical biogeographic barriers.