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맹한주,정석재,Yu-Jin Bang 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.7
We examined whether pretreatment of mouse brain blood vessel endothelial cell clone 4 (MBEC4) cells with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NOx donor, as an in vitro model of the bloodbrain barrier could affect P-glycoprotein (P-gp) functional activity. Uptake into the cells and MBEC4 plasma membrane vesicles (MPMVs) in the presence or absence of SNP pretreatment was used to investigate functional changes. Increased accumulation of [3H]vincristine, a widely used substrate for P-gp, into MBEC4 was observed upon SNP pretreatment, likely due to impaired P-gp function. To better understand the mechanism of the impairment, MPMVs were prepared and characterized in terms of purity and Na+-dependent glucose uptake. [3H]daunomycin uptake into MPMVs was diminished after SNP pretreatment in the presence of an ATP-regenerating system, indicating that the functional activity of P-gp was impaired after exposure to SNP. Under conditions of excess ATP, daunomycin uptake into the vesicles was still decreased after SNP pretreatment, indicating that SNP interacted directly with the transport system, but not with the ATP-regenerating system. Together, these results suggest that NO or NOx functionally impairs P-gp in the in vitro blood-brain barrier model with SNP pretreatment.
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Evidence of carrier‐mediated transport in the penetration of donepezil into the rat brain
Kim, Mi‐,Hwa,Maeng, Han‐,Joo,Yu, Kyung‐,Ha,Lee, Kyeong‐,Ryoon,Tsuruo, Takashi,Kim, Dae‐,Duk,Shim, Chang‐,Koo,Chung, Suk‐,Jae Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.99 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanism that controls the transport of donepezil into the brain. The apparent brain uptake clearance (CL<SUB>app,br</SUB>) was decreased as a function of the dose of donepezil, suggesting an involvement of a saturable transport process via transporter(s) in the penetration across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Consistent with <I>in vivo</I> results, the uptake of substrates for organic cation transporters was significantly reduced by donepezil in both MBEC4 cells (i.e., a model for BBB) and HEK 293 cells expressing the transporters found in the brain, indicative of the involvement of organic cation transporters in the transport of the drug. Furthermore, donepezil transport was enhanced (<I>p</I> < 0.01) in HEK 293 cells expressing rOCNT1, rOCTN2, or rCHT1. The CL<SUB>app,br</SUB> was reduced up to 52.8% of the control in rats that had been pretreated with choline, while the CL<SUB>app,br</SUB> was unaffected with pretreatments with organic cations other than choline, suggesting that choline and donepezil share a common transport mechanism in the penetration across the BBB <I>in vivo</I>. Taken together, these observations suggest that the transport of donepezil across the BBB is mediated by organic cation transporters such as choline transport system(s). © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99: 1548–1566, 2010</P>
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