일본인의 마게(□)형태에 관한 연구 -에도시대(江戶時代)부터 현대시대(現代時代)를 중심으로-

김지연 ( Ji Yuon Kim ),진형여 ( Hyung Yeo Jin ) 대한미용문화예술학회 2013 대한미용문화예술학회지 Vol.2 No.2

This study contemplates Magae forms reflecting social and cultural characteristic of Japanese from Edo period to Taisho period and considers how Magae forms have been changed in modern times. The results of study are as follows: First, a diversity of changes in every direction such as politics, society, and culture were vitalized in the period of Edo and Taisho and Magae forms of women had influence on the period of Edo and Taisho based on economic stabilization and cultural development. Second, it implied that Magae forms were transformed by women who hung on their status and tradition and the modern women who were affected by western culture. Third, it also stands that Magae forms had the light Magae from used by beauty of curve and wave of the modern women who were influenced by traditional Magae forms which were voluminous of the Edo period. Therefore, Edo period had various changes in many different directions such as politics, society, and culture and it was focused on Magae forms and hair styles were centered on volume hair styles like Jeonbal, Bin, Tarboro, and Magae. It was turned by natural Magae forms like wave, shaggy, and twist in Meiji and Taisho period. When considering those results, this study indicates the changes of Magae forms of Japan by looking at the Magae forms of Japanese women and it shows how the Magae forms have been changed in modern. These results of this study would be helpful for people who research on hairdressing.

미국 ICT기업의 국제특허분류 공동출현 네트워크 특성에 관한 연구: 기술유사성과 기술응용성을 중심으로

노태우,조길수,이창준 한국혁신학회 2021 한국혁신학회지 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this study is to confirm the degree of technology similarity of MAGA, which leads the US ICT industry, and to examine the technology application of each company. MAGA (Microsoft, Apple, Google, Amazon), the four major ICT companies in the United States and a group of companies leading the future, accumulated intellectual property through patents. Through international patent classification (IPC), we examined how MAGA’s technologies are combined with other technologies and investigated differences in technology application by each company. In order to confirm the technology similarity of MAGA, we used the IPC co-occurrence network. The number of IPC samples limited to MAGA is 68,732, inclusive of registered and applied patents. We analyzed the technologies used in common by forming a pair of the top 10 companies in each company’s IPC in order of frequency. The top 10 IPCs were extracted based on the degree of centrality for each company, and the similarity and application of the technologies were verified with an edge value. The most commonly registered and applied technology by MAGA is G06F, which shows that it uses the most electrical digital data processing, and most of the other technologies are verified to be similar. 4차산업혁명 시대가 도래하면서 사물인터넷, 인공지능, 빅데이터 등 관련 기술에 관한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 기술은 혁신을 통해 생성되기 때문에 기업은 기술혁신을 통한 기업성장에 주목해야 한다. 기업의 기술혁신을 통해 생성된 지식은 생산성을 향상하는 등 기업성장에 중심적인 역할을 한다. 미국의 4대 ICT 기업이자 미래를 선도하는 기업인 MAGA (Microsoft, Apple, Google, Amazon)는 특허를 통해 지식재산을 축적하였다. 본 연구는 과연 미국 ICT 산업을 선도하는 MAGA가 가지는 기술유사성은 어느 정도인지를 확인하고 각 기업이 가지는 기술응용성을 확인하고자 한다. MAGA가 보유한 기술을 국제특허분류(IPC, international patent classification)를 통해 어떤 기술들이 다른 기술들과 결합하는지 살펴보고, 기업별로 기술응용에 나타나는 차이를 살펴보았다. MAGA의 기술유사성을 확인하기 위해 본 연구는 IPC 공동출현 네트워크를 이용하였다. MAGA로 한정한 IPC 표본의 수는 등록 및 출원특허를 합한 68,732개이며, 이 정보는 빈도수 분석과 네트워크 분석을 통해 검증하였다. 기업별 IPC는 빈도순으로 상위 10개를 기업끼리 짝(pair)을 이루어서 공통으로 사용하고 있는 기술을 살펴보았다. 기업별 중심성(centrality)을 정도(degree) 기준으로 상위 10개의 IPC를 추출하여 유사성(similarity)을 확인하고 엣지(edge) 값으로 기술들의 연관성을 보았다. 분석결과 MAGA가 공통으로 가장 많이 등록, 출원한 기술은 G06F으로 전자 정보 처리(electrical digital data processing)를 가장 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타나며 나머지 기술들도 대부분 유사한 것으로 검증되었다.

The Magas1 Gene is Involved in Pathogenesis by Affecting Penetration in Metarhizium acridum

( Yue Qing Cao ),( Xiang Xian Zhu ),( Run Jiao ),( Yu Xian Xia ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.7

Appressorium is a specialized infection structure of filamentous pathogenic fungi and plays an important role in establishing a pathogenic relationship with the host. The Egh16/Egh16H family members are involved in appressorium formation and pathogenesis in pathogenic filamentous fungi. In this study, a homolog of Egh16H, Magas1, was identified from an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridum. The Magas1 protein shared a number of conserved motifs with other Egh16/Egh16H family members and specifically expressed during the appressorium development period. Magas1-EGFP fusion expression showed that Magas1 protein was not localized inside the cell. Deletion of the Magas1 gene had no impact on vegetative growth, conidiation and appressorium formation, but resulted in a decreased mortality of host insect when topically inoculated. However, the mortality was not significant between the Magas1 deletion mutant and wild-type treatment when the cuticle was bypassed by injecting conidia directly into the hemocoel. Our results suggested that Magas1 may influence virulence by affecting the penetration of the insects` cuticle.

Krav Maga Program to Combat Indiscriminate Violence

Sangsoo Park,Youngho Lee,Kunhee Kim J-INSTITUTE 2023 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.8 No.-

Purpose: This study delves into the significance of Krav Maga training for enhancing self-defense abilities against indiscriminate violence, a societal issue impacting personal safety, and emphasizes its practicality in combination with the Israeli military combat system as a fundamental approach to applying martial arts for self-defense. The study seeks to reevaluate Krav Maga's pivotal role in bolstering self-defense against indiscriminate violence and to identify prospects for its future development. Method: The research method and data collection method to achieve the purpose of this study used electronic literature platform search. Validity as data was verified through triangulation. Results: Krav Maga is a practical and effective self-defense system that originated in Israel, initially developed for military use but later adapted for civilian self-defense. Martial arts for security, military martial arts, and police martial arts programs are presented as a vitalization plan. Conclusion: The revitalization plan for the Krav Maga program against indiscriminate violence can emphasize the importance of a tailored curriculum, certified instructors, scenario-based training, ethical considerations, periodic assessments and interdisciplinary collaborations, and empowers participants self-defense, bodyguards, soldiers and police. Training can be instilled with the aim of ensuring the ability to manage problems effectively in a variety of situations by equipping them with practical self-defense skills, legal awareness and enhanced situational preparedness.

마가요 채색도기에 나타난 개구리 무늬 특징과 변천에 관한 연구

레이위통,임헌자 한국도자학회 2021 한국도자학연구 Vol.18 No.3

The Maga culture at the end of the Neolithic period had a distinct characteristic of the colored pottery culture, and it had a strong radiation force that affected a wide area in all directions. The frog pattern is one of the most representative patterns in the colored pottery patterns rich in Maga culture, and has traditionally been dealt with as many tasks in the historical, archaeological, and fine arts circles. The characteristics of colored pottery patterns were investigated by classifying them into three types of cultural developments, namely, Maga, Bansan, and Machang . Among the patterns of chroma during this period, the frog pattern is also called the divine human text, and the process leading to the formation of realistic images and the transformation of the frog pattern was studied. The formative characteristics and cultural implications of the frog pattern of the three cultural types during the development of Maga Saturation culture are the means and beliefs that express the thought, environment, and psychological state of human beings in the primitive age when wisdom first appeared. It can be seen that the pattern has become a symbol along with the desirefor, worship, and production. 신석기시대 말기의 마가요 문화(馬家窯文化)는 채색도기 문화의 뚜렷한 특징을 가지고 있으며, 강력 한 방사력으로 사방의 넓은 지역에 영향을 주었다. 마가요 문화의다양한 채색도기 문양에서 개구리 무 늬는 가장 대표적인 문양 중 하나로 역사학계와 고고학계, 미술학계에서 전통적으로 많은 과제로 다뤄 져 왔다. 마가요 문화 중 마가(馬家), 반산(半山), 마창(馬廠)의 3가지로 발전되는 문화적 유형으로 구분하여 채색도기 문양의 특징을 알아보았다. 이시기의 채도의 문양 가운데 개구리 무 늬는 신인문(神人文)이라고도 불리며 사실적 이미지 조형, 그리고 개구리 무늬 변체로 이어지는 과정을 연구대상으로 하였다. 마가요 채도 문화가 발전하는 과정의 세가지 문화 유형 시기의 개구리 무늬가 지니고 있는 조형적 특성과 내포된 문화적 함의는 지혜가 처음 생기기 시작한 원시시대의 사상, 환경, 인간의심리적상태를표현하는수단이자신앙, 숭배, 생산에대한염원과함께문양이기호화가되 었음을 알 수 있었다.

사회운동과 정당의 관계: 미국 공화당의 운동정당화 현상과 사례를 중심으로

손병권 한국아메리카학회 2023 美國學論集 Vol.55 No.3

이 글은 지금까지 티파티 운동이나 MAGA 운동처럼 강한 이념성과 정체성으로 무장한 극단적 성향의 사회운동이 기성 보수정당인 공화당에 침투하거나 공화당을 포획하는 현상을 ‘공화당의 운동정당화’라는 개념을 통해서 설명하고자 했다. 이를 위해 이 글은 사회운동과 정당을 개념적으로 차별화하고, 유럽에서 드물지 않게 등장하는 운동정당이 미국의 양대정당 체제에서 발견되기 어려운 현실을 논의하였다. 이어서 미국 정치에서 사회운동이 기성정당에 강하게 영향력을 행사하는 현상을 운동정당화라는 개념을 적용하여 파악한 후, 이를 공화당을 대상으로 적용하고 분석하였다. 계속해서 이 글은 이러한 현상이 등장하게 된 요인을 ‘정당 공동화’로 명명되는 정당의 제도적 약화라는 일반적 원인과, 특히 공화당의 경우 준정당조직의 활성화 및 공화당 지지 세력의 극단적 이념성과 정체성 강화 현상을 중심으로 나누어 설명하였다. 마지막으로 이 글은 기존 정당-사회운동 논의의 맹점을 지적하면서 양자 관계를 침투와 포획이라는 개념으로 설명하기 위해서 이 두 종류의 정당-사회운동 관계의 특징을 단계별로 분석한 후, 티파티 운동과 MAGA 운동을 중심으로 이러한 개념을 통해 공화당과 보수적 사회운동의 관계를 재조명하였다. This article aimed to explain conservative social movement’s infiltration into and capture of the Republican party by utilizing the concept of ‘movementization of the Republican party.’ In line with this purpose, this article conceptually differentiated social movement and political party, explained why European-style movement parties have rarely been observed in the American political soil, and reexamined the heavy impact of social movement on political parties on the basis of movementization of political party, with the Republican party in mind. Regarding the factors affecting the movementization of the Republican party, this article emphasized ‘party hollowing’ as a general factor applicable to both Democratic and Republican parties, and the activation of para-parties and the ideological and identitarian consolidation of conservative voters, specifically for the Republican party. Finally, this article analyzed the movementization of the Republican party by relying upon such concepts as infiltration and capture, and by applying those concepts to the cases of the Tea Party and MAGA movements.

면역알고리즘 기반의 MECs (에너지 허브) 시스템

손병락(Son Byungrak),강유경(Kang Yu-Kyung),이현(Lee Hyun) 한국태양에너지학회 2014 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.34 No.4

Recently, in power system studies, Multiple Energy Carriers (MECs) such as Energy Hub has been broadly utilized in power system planners and operators. Particularly, Energy Hub performs one of the most important role as the intermediate in implementing the MECs. However, it still needs to be put under examination in both modeling and operating concerns. For instance, a probabilistic optimization model is treated by a robust global optimization technique such as multi-agent genetic algorithm (MAGA) which can support the online economic dispatch of MECs. MAGA also reduces the inevitable uncertainty caused by the integration of selected input energy carriers. However, MAGA only considers current state of the integration of selected input energy carriers in conjunctive with the condition of smart grid environments for decision making in Energy Hub. Thus, in this paper, we propose an immune algorithm based Multiple Energy Carriers System which can adopt the learning process in order to make a self decision making in Energy Hub. In particular, the proposed immune algorithm considers the previous state, the current state, and the future state of the selected input energy carriers in order to predict the next decision making of Energy Hub based on the probabilistic optimization model. The below figure shows the proposed immune algorithm based Multiple Energy Carriers System. Finally, we will compare the online economic dispatch of MECs of two algorithms such as MAGA and immune algorithm based MECs by using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS).

Should the State of Israel pursue Krav Maga as an intangible cultural heritage of the Jewish people? History and politics say yes.

Guy Mor,Andrea Molle 국제무예학회 2021 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.7 No.-

Krav Maga (‘contact combat’) is an Israeli combat discipline arguably one of the many intangible cultural heritages of Israel and the Jewish people. It has played a unique role in the (re)creation and preservation of the Jewish identity and the formation of the state of Israel. Recently we observe a growing academic literature debating the role of martial arts in international affairs and domestic political processes. It is the scope of this paper to contribute to this proposing a framework for understanding Krav-Maga as a means of cultural diplomacy as seen in other nations.

"Work on Your Problem-Solving’

Mario S. Staller,Andrew Abraham 한국코칭능력개발원 2016 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.10 No.2

The current study reports a qualitative phenomenological investigation of the development of expertise and the experience on learning environments in the domain of self-defence. Semi-structured interviews with two Israeli Krav Maga Experts are analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. This inductive approach aims to capture the richness and complexity of the lived experience of the development of expertise in self-defence. Two analytic themes are presented here: developing expertise in self-defence from the view of the instructor and the good training partner, with an emphasis on its characteristics and the interaction between partners. We conclude by examining the analytic observation through a theoretical lens with regards to pedagogical practices for expert performance and optimal learning environments.

Mega FTA 시대의 GVC 변화와 글로벌기업 무역물품 관세평가 적정성 확보방안에 관한 연구

김태윤,유광현 한국관세학회 2022 관세학회지 Vol.23 No.4

전 세계적 FTA 확산으로 조성된 양자주의 자유무역 환경에 이어 RCEP, CPTPP 등 Maga FTA 트렌드가 조성되며 새로운 시대가 도래하고 있다. 이에 글로벌기업 GVC가 역내 확장되며 기업 내 무역의 일종인 특수관계자 간 무역거래 비중이 확대되고, 이전가격을 통한 세원 잠식 우려가 높아져 관세평가 적정성 확보방안이 필요한 상황이다. 한편 기존 글로벌기업의 이전가격 조작을 통한 조세전략은 관세와 내국세의 과세표준이 ‘음의 상관관계’를 가지는 점에 기인하였으나, 현재는 FTA의 세계적 확산으로 관세 비중이 감소하여 보다 자유로운이전가격 상향조정이 가능한 상황이다. 본 연구는 역내 특수관계자 간 거래의 확대로 다수국가의 거래관계가 복잡하게 관여되어 관세평가 적정성 확보가 어려워지는 상황을 기초로, FTA 적용을 전제로 한 이전가격 조정이 ①국가별 법인세 부담민감도, ②FTA 원산지 누적 활용을 각각 고려하여 생산단계별 특성을 반영하는 방향성을 도출하였다. 이러한 방향성을 토대로 글로벌기업 GVC의 각 생산단계를 고려한 관세평가 적정성 확보방안을 국제규범 차원과 국내법률 차원에서 각각 제안하고, 관세행정 고유의 세원잠식 대응방안에 근거한 OECD BEPS Action Plan과의 조화방안을 제시하였다.