저소득가구를 위한 주택임대료지원정책에 관한 연구

박혁서(Park, Hyeok-Seo) 한국주거환경학회 2013 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.11 No.3

This study conducted a comparative analysis of the rent-support policies for low-income households in Korea and Japan. The study focused on the housing benefit system in Korea and the housing assistance system in Japan to carry out a comparative analysis. Both systems are the major rent-support systems for low-income households in Korea and Japan and have the characteristics of a public assistance system. Since 2008, Korea's residential rent market has experienced skyrocketing prices for both housing lease on a deposit basis as well as monthly rents, thereby imposing a heavy burden on low-income households in terms of housing expenses. Thus, rent-support policies have become a quintessential policy challenge in terms of ensuring basic residential supports for them. Against this backdrop, as Korea's National Basic Livelihood Security Act is set to be revised in 2014, the housing benefit system that has been offered based on this Act is subject to significant revision. The key changes include the expansion of the eligible household for the benefits and the modification of application criteria, among others. Thanks to the revision, a household that did not fall into the category of the basic households for national basic livelihood security in accordance with the National Basic Livelihood Security Act will be able to receive housing benefits. This means that the housing benefit system goes beyond the boundary of the national basic livelihood security system and is expanded further. While this expands the eligible recipients of the system, it also has a possibility of reducing the effectiveness of the support by sharing limited budgets among too many recipients. As for Japan, its housing assistance system, which is implemented as a part of the national basic livelihood security system, limits the target to the lowest income households. Instead, the Japanese government fully reflects market rents to ensure feasible and effective rent support making up for this limitation. The study presents an ideal direction for Korea's housing benefit policy through the comparative analysis between both countries'systems and policies.

주택 임대료 규제의 법 정책적 검토

이춘원 건국대학교 법학연구소 2023 일감부동산법학 Vol.- No.27

Rather than originating from an abstract legal ideology, the law regulating housing rents was forced by various disasters such as war, natural disaster, or economic depression. Supporters of rent control argue that the distributional effects of rent control outweigh the economic efficiency costs. However, differences in economic efficiency and distribution effects vary depending on specific regions or specific periods, so it is difficult to judge them uniformly. Although rent control appears to be very effective in reducing rents for tenants, it also produces negative consequences such as reduced mobility and a decline in housing construction. These negative effects offset the positive effects, reducing the policy role of rent control. Therefore, the overall impact of rent control policies on social welfare is not clear. Moreover, because these policies are not implemented independently, their empirical effects are difficult to say with certainty. However, in non-normal situations such as war or natural disaster, the guarantee of housing rights for the common people should be emphasized. However, rent regulations can be a short-term measure until the market order is restored when the normal market order is distorted due to war or the spread of infectious diseases, but exercising it long-term when the market order is operating normally will actually distort the market order. This could end up being a policy that causes more harm than good. The purpose of rent control is ultimately to guarantee rental rights. Guaranteeing the right to rent is ultimately intended to guarantee the tenant’s right to freedom from unwanted eviction, that is, the tenant’s right to housing. Even if rent increases are limited, as long as the landlord has the right to evict without just cause, the tenant cannot make this claim out of fear of eviction. In most countries, the continuation of the right to lease is basically guaranteed, so only regulations on rent increases are controversial. Unlike most countries, our guarantee of the continuation of rental rights is limited, so even if there are regulations on rent control, their effectiveness is bound to be halved. At the same time as rent regulation, other housing policies such as protection of tenants from eviction and housing construction must also be considered. Banking, climate and fiscal policies can also affect rent control. When policymakers design government policies, they must consider these various effects and interactions, determine the timing and region of rent regulation, and carefully pursue policies.

국민임대주택 입주에 따른 주거개선효과

최은희(Eun-Hee Choi),이종권(Jong-Kwon Lee),김수진(Soo-Jin Kim) 한국주택학회 2011 주택연구 Vol.19 No.3

국민임대주택은 저소득층 주거안정을 위한 주요한 장기공공임대주택으로 기능하고 있으며, 보금자리주택정책에서도 40만호(’09~’18)를 계획하는 등 양적으로도 공공임대주택에서 큰 비율을 차지할 것으로 보인다. 이러한 국민임대주택의 공급이 실질적으로 입주하는 입주가구에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지 파악해 봄으로써 국민임대주택의 공급효과를 파악해 볼 수 있을 것이다. 본 글에서는 저소득층을 위한 양질의 저렴한 주택으로 기능하는지 알아보기 위해서 경제적 측면, 특히 주거비 부담 수준을 민간주택 거주자, 동일 소득계층, 그리고 입주전후와의 비교를 통해 살펴보았다. 분석결과에 따르면, 국민임대주택에 입주자는 주변 지역 유사 규모의 아파트 입주 시보다 주거비를 저렴하게 부담하고 있으며, 동일 소득계층이 지불하는 주거비 수준에 비해서도 저렴한 주거비를 부담하고 있는 반면, 그리고, 국민임대주택 입주 전 주거비와는 큰 차이를 보이지 않으나, 주거면적 증가가 전반적으로 일어나, 주거환경의 질적인 개선을 고려하여 주거비 부담 수준을 파악할 필요가 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 지역적인 편차와 주택형태 및 점유형태에 따른 편차도 존재하여, 전세환산액으로 비교할 경우 서울을 비롯한 대도지역의 임대료는 낮은 반면, 임대료와 관리비를 포함 주거비의 경우에는 아파트인가 단독주택이나 다세대주택인가, 혹은 전세인가 월세인가에 따라 국민임대주택입주에 따른 주거비 부담의 변화가 크지 않음도 알 수 있다. 그러나, 주거비 부담률의 증가에는 주거면적의 증가와 같은 주거의 질적 개선도 동시에 일어난다는 점에서 보다 세부적이고 구체적으로 주거비 부담의 적정성을 검토해 볼 필요가 있다. 저소득층이 접근할 수 있는 양질의 저렴한 주택이 한정되어 있는 상황에서 국민임대주택이라는 공공임대주택으로 민간 임차 가구에 비해 양질의 주거생활을 누리고 있다고 볼 수 있으나, 국민임대주택이 소득 5분위 이하의 계층이 거주한다는 점에서 현재 부과되는 주거비 수준은 소득수준을 포함, 입주 가구 특성에 맞게 책정되어 공공임대주택정책의 효과성을 제고할 수 있는 공공임대주택 체계를 구축해야 할 것이다. National Rental Housing is public housing for low-moderate income household. DJ Government introduced National Rental Housing after Permanently Rental Housing. National Rental Housing is 30-year lease to resident. So National Rental Housing contributed as mainly long-term public housing for low-income household’ settlement. And it will be playing a role in Bogeumjari housing policy(MB government declared that they would construct 400,000 National Rental Housing). Deposit and rent of National Rental Housing is cheaper than that of private rental housing. In this paper, I want to show that residents in National Rental Housing have profit of housing expenditure through numeric data. This proof will be that National Rental Housing as affordable housing for low-moderate income household. In this analysis, residents in National Rental Housing paid cheaper than housing expenditure of same size private rental apartment in neighborhood, and cheaper than that of same level income household, cheaper than that of ex-housing. Number of low-moderate income household is more than that of public housing in Korea. So, National Rental Housing as Public Housing is good for economic term of low income household. But, residents in National Rental Housing is different type of income groups, therefor we must burden housing expenditure corresponding characteristic of household.

주거지원 프로그램이 주거비부담에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 저소득 청년과 노인 임차가구를 중심으로

이호일(Ho-il Lee),김지희(Ji-Hee Kim),노승한(Seung-Han Noh) 건국대학교 부동산도시연구원 2021 부동산 도시연구 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 저소득 청년가구와 저소득 노인가구의 주거비부담에 대한 영향을 주거지원 프로그램별로 구분하여 각 집단의 인문학적, 사회 경제적 특성을 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 주거지원 프로그램에 의해 지원받는 저소득 청년가구와 저소득 노인가구의 주거 복지 향상을 위한 정책적 시사점을 도출하기 위해 2019 주거실태조사 마이크로데이터를 활용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수요 관련 주거지원 프로그램 이용 변수는 저소득 청년가구에게 양(+)의 영향을 미치고, 저소득 노인가구에게 음(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 저소득 청년가구가 지원금을 대부분 주거환경의 질의 향상을 위해 임대료 지출에 사용한 반면, 저소득 노인가구는 기존의 주거환경을 유지하는 가운데 수요 관련 주거프로그램 지원금을 통해 주거비부담을 줄이기 때문으로 판단된다. 둘째, 공급 관련 주거지원 프로그램은 저소득 청년 및 노인가구 모두에 음(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 정부에서 지원하는 공급 주거지원 프로그램이 저소득 청년 및 노인가구의 주거비부담을 감소시키는데 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. This study examines the social and economic characteristics of each young and elderly household group. We employ the 2019 Residential Survey to derive policy implications for improving housing welfare for low-income young and low-income elderly households supported by housing support programs. The results of the study are as follows. First, the use of demand-related housing support programs has a positive effect on low-income young households and a negative effect on low-income elderly households. We argue that it implies low-income young households mostly use the subsidies to spend rent to improve the quality of their residential environment while low-income elderly households spend to reduce the burden of housing cost while maintaining the existing residential environment. Second, supply-related housing support programs have negative effects on both low-income young and elderly households, and housing support programs directly affect the burden of housing costs.

주거권 실현을 위한 주거급여 실태분석: 임차급여를 중심으로

김성연(Kim, Seong-Yeun) 한국도시행정학회 2020 도시 행정 학보 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 법적 · 이론적 논의에 기반하여 주거권의 개념을 정립하고 주거취약계층에게 주거권이 보장될 수 있도록 주거급여 역할 규명을 통한 운영실태 분석과 바람직한 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 연구범위는 주거급여 예산에서 대부분을 차지하고 있는 임차급여를 대상으로 선정하였으며, 연구방법은 단행본, 연구논문 및 연구보고서 등 문헌분석과 국토교통부, LH 등 주거급여 관련 기관에서 제공한 현황 및 통계 자료를 활용하여 실태분석을 수행하였다. 우선, 국민이 쾌적하고 안정적인 주거생활을 통한 인간다운 삶을 추구할 수 있는 권리를 주거권으로 정의하고 주거취약계층의 주거권 보장을 위해 실시하고 있는 주거급여가 효과적으로 추진되기 위해서는 사업대상의 적정성, 물리적 · 사회적 적정성이 필요함을 제시하였다. 실태분석 결과, ① 주거급여 지급에 있어서 사각지대를 확인하였다. 이의 개선을 위해서 수급자를 발굴할 수 있도록 행정적 노력(홍보 확대 등), 시민단체 활용, 지자체 역량 강화를 제안하였다. ② 주거급여 수급에 있어 형평성을 저해하는 요인을 확인하였다. 이를 개선하기 위해서는 기준임대료 선정에 있어 현행 광역 단위보다는 임대차시장에 부합하도록 세분화 방안, 주거급여와 공공임대주택 공급 간 통합적 재설계 방안을 제안하였다. ③ 주거급여 수급자 중 비주택 거주자의 경우 열악한 주거환경에 노출되고 있음을 확인하였다. 이의 개선을 위해서는 최저주거기준의 재정비, 수급자에게 지급되는 주거급여가 비주택 시설을 개선시키는데 활용될 수 있도록 제도적 정비를 제안하였다. ④ 현행 지급된 주거급여는 주거취약계층의 주거비 부담을 감소시키는데 한계가 있어 주거급여 현실화를 위해서 기준임대료 개선 방안, 국고지원 비율 상향 조정 등을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to establish the concept of housing rights and to establish the role of housing vouchers for protecting the housing rights of vulnerable groups. In addition, this study analyzed operating condition of housing voucher programs and recommended desirable directions for housing voucher programs. This study selected rent voucher program for the analysis and conducted an operation condition analysis using literature reviews, data provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and LH. The analysis results are as follows. ① Blind spot was identified for housing voucher program. To improve this problem, administrative efforts to find new recipients (such as expanding public relations), cooperation with local NGO groups, and reduction of financial burden on local governments were proposed. ② This study found the hindrance factor of equity for the supply and demand of housing vouchers. Two methods for improving this problem were needed to classify the decision scope on the base rent price into the rental market within the supply area, and to integrate the redesign between housing vouchers and public rental housing. ③ Recipients lived in non-housing were exposed to poor living conditions. In order to improve this problem, the government should improve the system such as the readjustment of the minimum housing standards and housing vouchers could be used to improve non-housing facilities. ④ There were limitation for reducing the housing cost burden on the vulnerable. Therefore, the improvement of the standard rent price for the realization of housing vouchers and the raising of state subsidy rato are needed.

공급자와 수요자 보조 주거복지정책의 비용효과분석

장경석(Jang Kyoung-Seok),최막중(Choi Mack-Joong) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2009 國土計劃 Vol.44 No.1

This paper compares the cost-effectiveness of low-income housing policies based on supply-side and demand-side subsidies. The former is represented by public housing (National Rental Housing Program) and the latter by rent subsidy(Chonsei Loan Program) in Korea. Equalizing the benefits offered by the two programs, public housing program is found to be more expensive than rent subsidy program; The costs spent on one unit of public housing would provide rent subsidy to 1.1 to 4.6 households depending upon the area. The cost-effectiveness is sensitive to discount rate to some extent whereas interest rates and floor area ratio of public housing have marginal effects. It is therefore suggested that rent subsidy program be the alternative to current mass production of public housing especially in the area where housing stock is relatively large and rent is low.

중국의 보장성주택제도에 관한 연구

류관남 ( Guan Nan Liu ),심성훈 ( Sung Hoon Sim ) 국제지역학회 2014 국제지역연구 Vol.18 No.4

주택보장제도는 중국정부가 중ㆍ저소득계층의 주택문제를 보장하기 위한 제도이다. 본 연구는 중국보장성주택제도의 현황, 문제점, 개선방안 등을 중심으로 분석하였다. 분양주택과 대비 되는 보장성주택은 현재 경제실용주택(經濟適用住房), 저가임대주택(廉租房), 공공임대주택 등을 위주로 공급되고 있다. 보장성주택시스템은 이미 기본적인 체계를 갖추고 있으며 중ㆍ저 소득계층의 주택문제를 해결하는데 일조하였다. 그러나 비구체적인 주택건설계획, 자금부족 및 보장대상에 대한 엄격하지 않은 심의, 개발과정에서 개인적 부당이익의 취득 등의 문제점 들이 드러나고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 보장성주택제도의 문제점에 대하여, 우선 보장성주택에 관한 전반적인 법률 체제의 개선을 제시하고 있다. 특히 이 제도와 관련된 중앙정부 및 지 방정부의 역할 개편 및 보장성주택의 자금공급 등에 관련된 법적 개선이 필요하다. 두 번째로 도시주민 개인정보시스템의 확립을 통하여 효율적으로 보장대상을 관리ㆍ감독하는 것이 필요 하다. 세 번째 개선방안으로는 보장대상의 진입과 탈퇴에 대한 관리ㆍ감독 강화를 들 수 있다. 넷째, 주택공적금제도의 범위를 확대할 필요가 있다. 이를 위하여 저소득계층의 지원에 중점 을 둔 주택준비금 정책이 필요하다. 마지막으로 경제실용주택에 대한 제도 개선 등의 방안이 필요하다. 즉, 공급을 늘리기 위한 정책으로 재정지원 강화, 대체제인 기존주택의 거래활성화 방안, 가격의 인하 등이 필요하다. The problem raised in the housing sector becomes one of the greatest problems in China. A multi-level indemnificatory housing system has been initially established in order to solve the housing problem for the low-income households, and some success has been achieved. However, there are still many inadequacies needed to improve in the construction and maintaining process of indemnificatory housing system. In this context, this paper analyzes the status and problems of urban affordable housing, and provides some suggestions in order to improve the affordable housing system in China. The specific measures for the reform of the system should be considered in many aspects, such as the basic principles, the legal system, credit system, provident fund related to the both affordable housing and low-rent housing.

한국과 중국의 공공임대주택정책

이현림(Lee, Hyun-Rim),오정석(Oh, Jung-Seok),심영미(Sim, Young-Mi) SH도시연구원 2014 주택도시연구 Vol.4 No.2

In this study, we compared the public rental housing policy of China and South Korea. We have derived suggestions such as the following. First, in order to structure the target occupancy, simplify the type of public rental housing must be clearly defined goals for public rental housing policy. It has been simplified in the residential housing for the house of the lowest living line below, housing for low-income, according to the policy and purpose of removal into three types in the case of China. However, in the case of South Korea, Seoul's administration and the ministry have different classification system at the types of public rental housing. It is necessary to simplify the types, organize the criteria for selecting tenants. Second, the government must increase the rent subsidy for the socially disadvantaged and low-income families. In the case of South Korea, rent subsidy will be transferred to the Land and Transportation Ministry from October this year. In Chine, in addition to these policies, tenants only pay 5% of the original rent, the government support the rest of the rent. Third, the government must simplify the delivery system of remuneration of housing and public rental housing. In the case of China, the supply of public rental housing, such as rent subsidy has been simplified in charge of the company that has been approved by the government and the government. Fourth, the government must increase the financial support of construction of public rental housing. Finally, the supply of public rental housing should be considered from the perspective of the consumer.

미국 주택바우처 프로그램의 저소득층 주거안정성과와 정책적 시사점

박미선(Miseon Park) 한국도시행정학회 2012 도시 행정 학보 Vol.25 No.2

This study aims to analyze and synthesize Housing Choice Voucher Program’s performance on low-income households in three aspects: individual, neighborhood, and operational outcomes. First of all, voucher program has a strict income target: extremely low-income households are most eligible for participating in the program. As a result, the majority of recipients consist of the underserved and vulnerable households such as extremely low-income, female-headed households, and disabled households. Second, in terms of neighborhood effect, the program has provided residential choice of recipients, which helps the underprivileged live out of poverty-stricken and minority-concentrated neighborhoods. However, neighborhood effects have tended to differ by race and ethnicity. Finally, over 25,000 public housing authorities have been responsible to administer the voucher program. Due to the cash-limit characteristics, the voucher program has burdened government with endless budget assignment, requiring relatively large amount of administrative fee. The study shows that the Housing Choice Voucher Program has contributed to relieving housing cost burden for low-income participants, and has also operated Family Self-sufficient program to help recipients get out of poverty. Based on the findings, the author provides several policy implications for Korean rental subsidy program which will introduce in the near future.

Building a Sustainable Community in Social Low-rent High-rise Housing: the Case of the Chongqing Model in China

Peng, Xueni,Baek, Jin Architectural Institute of Korea 2015 Architectural research Vol.17 No.4

In 2007, in the city of Chongqing, the city government announced a plan to meet the basic needs of its lower-to-middle class residents, namely those of providing a shelter and urban infrastructure. In one respect, the effort to attain such goals has achieved good quantitative results; however, a more critical examination reveals that little consideration has been given to analyzing the qualitative aspects of such a policy, namely the physical and emotional effects on tenants. The results of the research in this paper have implications on the need to focus on building a 'sustainable' and 'healthy' community, with the awareness that for people in low-rent areas, sociability and community spirit are more closely related to their neighborhood contentment. Although attention to scale and type of area-planning are both important, the immediate surroundings and services are often neglected, but as we shall show they are key considerations for residents in this new type of housing. While attempting to comprehend the role of community in the quality of a neighborhood, in this research, we attempt to document the physical appearance of the problem and explore its underlying causes in order to shed more light on residents' individual evaluations of quality in their local living conditions and include the affective dimensions of such perceptions.