보편적 ‘참여 수준’을 전제한 공공 건축물의 ‘커뮤니티 참여 디자인 프로세스’에 관한 연구

박남용(Park, Nam Yong),고인룡(Koh, In Lyong) 한국디자인문화학회 2016 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 지역 커뮤니티의 일관된 의견 수렴 및 의사 결정 모형 수립을 위해 보편적 ‘참여 수준’을 전제한 공공 건축물의 체계적인 ‘커뮤니티 참여 디자인 프로세스’ 기준을 제안하는 것에 목적을 두었다. 연구의 방법으로는 ‘건축적 공공성’과 ‘커뮤니티 참여 디자인’의 이론 고찰을 시작으로 ‘참여 수준’과 관련한 주요 연구자들의 논거(論據)를 종합하여 ‘참여 디자인프로세스’의 근간이 되는 보편적 ‘참여 수준’ 체계를 선행 수립하고자 하였다. 이후, 국내 ‘참여 디자인’ 적용 연구 사례와의 비교 및 분석을 통해 현행 국내 ‘참여 디자인 프로세스’의 문제점을 파악하고 이를 해결하기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 범위는 이론 연구 사례와 적용 연구 사례 범위로 구분되며, 이론 연구 사례에 대한 범위는 ‘참여 수준’과 관련하여 다수의 연구 문헌에 인용되는 주요 연구자 8인의 논거로 한정하였다. 적용 연구 사례에서 공간적 수집 범위는 국내로 한정하고 시간적 범위로는 2000년 이후의 관련 연구 문헌(25개)으로 한정하였다. 본 연구를 통해, 총 10단계의 보편적 ’참여 수준‘을 도출해 낼 수 있었으며, 국내 ‘참여 디자인’ 연구 문헌 분석으로 공공 건축물 중 지역 커뮤니티와 깊은 관계성을 가지고 있는 문화복지시설에 관한 연구가 다른 용도에 비해 ‘참여 수준’ 설정 및 이를 바탕으로 한 체계적인 프로세스 수립이 상대적으로 미진함을 파악할 수 있었다. 또한, 분석 대상 다수의 ‘참여 디자인 프로세스’가 ‘참여 수준’에 대한 근본적인 고려가 전무한 상태에서 연구자별 주관적 견해에 의해 수립되어 연구 문헌간의 보편성과 일관성이 부족한 것으로 분석되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 상기의 연구 결과를 종합하여 보편적 ‘참여 수준’을 전제한 일관화된 ‘커뮤니티 참여디자인 원칙’과 국내 현행 설계 업무 체계가 고려된 체계적인 ‘커뮤니티 참여 디자인 프로세스’의 기준을 제시하였다. This study aims to suggest a standard of systematic “community participation design process” of public buildings that was premised on universal “participation level” in order to establish a consistent opinion convergence and decision-making model of local community. As the method of study, It would like to precede and establish a universal ‘participation level’ that is based on ‘participation design process’ and to collect basis of arguments that is collected arguments by main researchers that is related from ‘architectural publicness’ and a theory consideration of ‘community participation design’ to a level of participation. A scope of study is divided into a range of applied study cases and theoretical study case. and a scope of the theoretical study case is limited to basis of arguments of 8 people who are main researcher that used to appear in numbers of study literatures with a ‘participation level’. In applied study cases, A scope of spatial collection is restricted to domestic and a scope of temporal collection is restricted to related study literature(25 literatures) that is written since 2000. Through this study, We were able to begin to derive the universal “participation level” of all 10 steps, and through a analysis of domestic “participation design” study literatures, we were able to catch the fact a study of culture welfare facilities that is deeply related on regional community among the public building isn’t entirely satisfactory in setting of “participation level” and in the systematic establishment of process compared with other uses. In addition, It is showed universality and consistency between study literatures are not entirely satisfactory because of subjective opinions by researchers in a state of almost nothing about fundamental consideration of ‘participation level’ in a ‘participation design process’. Therefore, We did piece study result together in this study and this study did suggest some standards of systematic ‘community participation design process’ considered domestic present condition of design system and standardized ‘community participation design principle’ that is premised on universal ‘participation level’.

디자인 서비스 수준 분류에 따른 산업디자인 서비스 상품 개발에 관한 연구

홍성수(Sung Soo Hong),송경곤(Kyung Gon Song) 한국디자인문화학회 2011 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.17 No.4

최근 국내외 각국의 글로벌 기업들이 혁신을 통해 세계적인 경쟁력을 확보하게 된 사례의 중심엔 항상 ``디자인``이라는 키워드가 있었다. 20세기말 소니와 삼성의 사례, 그리고 21세기 초 애플의 도약이 이를 뒷받침 해준다. 오늘날 디자인이라는 의미는 그 개념이 확장되어 산업 곳곳에서 사용되고 있으며, 이는 역시 산업 각계에서 디자인의 의미가 갖는 중요성이 아직 유효하다는 반증이기도 하다. 아직까지도 현대 산업사회에서 디자인의 역할은 기업의 생존전략에 핵심요소로 작용하고 있고, 수많은 기업들이 주요 경영전략에서 디자인을 배재할 수 없는 이유이기도 하다. 하지만 전통적 제조 강국인 우리나라의 경우 많은 수의 중소제조업체들이 디자인의 중요성은 인식하고 있으나 현재 어떤 디자인을 필요로 하는지, 어느 방향으로 디자인 개발을 설정해야 하는지에 대한인지가 부족한 것이 현실이다. 이로 인해 디자이너 혹은 디자인 업체에서 디자인 개발 시 정확한 솔루션을 제공하기가 어렵고, 혁신적인 서비스를 개발하였다 하더라도, 해당 서비스 가치를 파악하지 못하거나 변화에 대한 반사적인 거부반응으로 일관하는 일이 비일비재하다. 따라서 본 연구는 유·무형의 상품 혹은 서비스를 개발하는 프로세스 각 단계에 산업디자인이 제공하는 디자인 서비스에 대한 범위와 내용을 정의하여 상품개발이 올바른 방향으로 나아갈 수 있는 Road Map을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구의 기초가 될 수 있는 상품개발 프로세스를 정의하기 위해 현대 산업의 생산관리, 경영관리 기법을 CRM(Customer Relationship Management), PLM(Product Lifecycle Management), ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), Six Sigma를 위주로 국내외 인터넷 D/B와 관련서적, 논문 등의 문헌조사를 통해 연구하였고 각 기법의 상세 세부실행 사항을 상품개발 3단계 프로세스(기획-개발-유통/판매)에 맞게 재정립 하였다. 이와 동시에 산업흐름에 따른 디자인의 변화와 내용을 고찰하고 현대사회가 필요로 하는 디자인의 가치를 도출하여 각 상품개발 세부실행사항에서 디자인의 역할을 정의하였다. 이를 바탕으로 해당 단계에 따른 디자인의 수준(LEVEL)을 구분 짓는 핵심요소로써 ``창조성``의 개념을 정립하고, 구분된 디자인 수준(LEVEL)이 상품개발 프로세스에서 제공되어져야 할 요소를 연구하였다. 이렇게 개발된 수준별 산업디자인 서비스는 항상 일관된 서비스 품질을 실현해주고, 상품개발과정에서 발생하는 다양한 상황에 정확한 디자인 진단을 가능하게 해 줄 수 있다. 또한 표준화된 디자인 서비스는 정량적인 가격책정에 도움이 되며 이는 디자인 개발자에겐 항상 저 측정된 프로젝트 가격으로 인한 디자인 서비스 품질저하를 예방하고, 디자인 의뢰자에겐 보다 다양한 서비스 제공을 경험할 수 있는 토대가 될 것이다. 그리고 궁극적으로 건강하고 발전된 디자인 시장을 형성함으로써 디자인관련 산업에 충분한 인력확보가 마련된 우리나라의 디자인 경쟁력이 한층 강화되는 계기로 작용되리라 기대해 본다. Recently, the keyword of ``design`` was always at the center of the cases of global companies of various countries to come to secure worldwide competitiveness through innovation. The case of Sony and Samsung of the end of the 20th century and the leap of Apple at the beginning of the 21st century back up this. Today the concept of the meaning of design is extended and is being used on all sides of industry, and this is also contrary evidence that the importance of the meaning of design is still effective in every field of industry. Still in the modern industrial society the role of design is functioning as a core element in the survival strategy of companies and is also a reason why many companies cannot exclude design from their main management strategies. However, the reality is that in Korea, which is a traditional manufacture strong power, a number of small and medium-sized manufacturers recognize the importance of design but lack the recognition about what design is needed currently and in which direction the development of design should be set. Due to this, designers or design companies have difficulties to provide accurate solutions when developing design, and even if they have developed an innovative service, frequently they fail to grasp the pertinent service value or consistently show reflective rejection symptoms to change. Therefore, this study intended to provide a road map for product development to move forward in the right direction by defining the range and contents of design service provided by industrial design in each stage of process to develop material and immaterial product or service. In order to define the product development process that can be the basis of study, the production management and business management techniques of modern industry were studied centering on CRM(Customer Relationship Management), PLM(Product Lifecycle Management), ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) and Six Sigma through literature examination of the Internet D/B at home and abroad, related books, papers and so on, and the detailed execution matters of each technique were reshaped so that they will fit the product development 3-stage process (planning - development - distribution/sales). At the same time, the changes and contents of design following the industrial flow were considered and the value of design needed by the modern society was drawn and thereby the role of design in the detailed execution matters of each product development was defined. On the basis of that, the concept of ``creativity`` was established as a core element classifying the levels of design following the pertinent stage, and the element in which the classified design levels should be provided in the product development process. The industrial design service for each level developed like this can realize the service quality which is always consistent and enable an accurate design diagnosis for various situations. In addition, a standardized design service helps quantitative pricing, and this will prevent the deterioration of design service due to the measured project price always for the design developer and become a basis for design clients to experience more diverse service provision. Moreover, it is expected it will ultimately form a healthy and developed design market and thereby function as a change for the design competitiveness of Korea where sufficient manpower security for design-related industries is arranged to be further strengthened.

공동주택 현상설계의 BIM 프로세스 적용 방안에 관한 연구

이광수,민영기,고인룡,김명근 한국디지털건축·인테리어학회 2011 한국디지털건축인테리어학회 논문집 Vol.11 No.3

Accelerating economic growth since the 1960s, penetration rate of the House of Commons has been increased. However, design competition has been imposed for improve of the qualitative level in modern because it was quantitative increasing. Even though its design quality is improved by introducing design competition, distorting the design is increased for the purpose of election. For that reason, errors of information and design changes are increased. So BIM(Building Information Modeling) is adopted to solve the problems. In this study, BIM process on the basis of the existing design process was to clean up and Lol(Level Of Information) based on the level of information was newly defined. Working-level of the design competition is plan-basic design. LOI level is LOI1-LOI2 in plan and Lol3-LOI4 in basic design. At each step of the operation was to clean up the level of detail and content. Also exchange of data in each area and feedback about content are to clean up.

네트워크 기반의 참여적 디자인 프로세스 프레임 개발

이지현 ( Lee Jee-hyun ),안지원 ( Ahn Ji-won ),박현정 ( Park Hyun-jung ),윤주영 ( Yun Ju-young ),하지현 ( Ha Ji-hyun ),이은지 ( Lee Eun-jee ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2013 한국디자인포럼 Vol.41 No.-

현대 사회의 흐름이 사용자, 참여자 주도형으로 변화하면서 디자인 분야 역시 사용자가 전체 디자인 프로세스에 적극적으로 참여하는 양상을 띠고 있다. 네트워크 기반 환경 구축으로 사용자는 디자인 프로세스 전반에 세부적인 참여가 용이해졌으며 이에 생산자와 사용자 간의 개방적이며 쌍방향적인 프로세스가 요구되고 있다. 그러나 현재까지 소비자 참여를 고려한 개방적인 디자인 프로세스에 대한 연구는 그리 활발하다고 볼 수 없으며 또한 참여의 범주나 형태가 다소 제한적이었다. 이에 본 연구는 문헌연구와 국내외 사례 조사를 통해 네트워크 기반의 참여적 디자인 프로세스를 규명하고 각 프로세스 단계 별 사용자의 참여 유형과 방법을 프레임 별로 나누었으며, 전문가 심층면담을 통한 검증 및 보완으로 소비자가 참여할 수 있는 네트워크 기반의 참여적 디자인 프레임 및 방법을 제안하였다. 참여적 디자인 사례 연구에서는 공공, 서비스, 패션, 제품디자인 사례를 수집, 사용자의 참여 수준에 따른 참여도와 특성을 도출하여 차이점을 분석하였다. 전반적으로 공공디자인 영역은 전 프로세스에 걸쳐 비교적 높은 참여강도를 띄고 있었으며 제품과 패션디자인 영역은 초기 단계인 정보수집 및 의견제시에 참여가 높고 디자인을 구체화하고 실행하는 단계에는 낮은 참여를 보이고 있었다. 사례분석을 통해 참여적 디자인 프레임은 강한 참여단계와 약한 참여단계를 구분되었고, 단계의 강한 참여 유형에 따라 5가지로 나뉘었으며 전문가 인터뷰를 통하여 각 프레임의 프로세스 별로 참여를 강화 시킬 수 있는 방법을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 쌍방향적 네트워크 환경의 소비자가 참여하는 개방형 프로세스 제시를 통해 디자인 산업전반의 다각화 및 디자인 결과물의 다양성뿐만 아니라 소비자와의 소통을 이끌어 내는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다. The cultural circumstances of user driven society influenced on the design process. The network based society made the user easy to participate to the whole design process, and the users requested an interactive and open design process gradually. However, the previous studies on the design process for participation have been limited and the ranges and types of user participation were limited also. In this study, we clarified the participatory design process through literature reviews and case studies, furthermore, the participatory design framework using the strength level of participation were proposed. The participatory design framework were classified into five types according to the participatory design process and the methods to increase user`s participation were proposed through the expertise interviews. The results of this study can be used as the basis of participatory design study and be applied to the industrial diversification.

DESIGN SCOPE AND LEVEL FOR STANDARD DESIGN CERTIFICATION UNDER A TWO STEP LICENSING PROCESS

Suh, Nam-Duk,Huh, Chang-Wook Korean Nuclear Society 2012 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.44 No.6

A small integral reactor SMART (System Integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor), being developed in Korea since late 1990s and targeted to obtaining a standard design approval by the end of 2011, is introduced. The design scope and level for design certification (DC) is well described in the U.S. NRC SECY documents published the early 1990s. However, the documents are valid for a one-step licensing process called a combined operating license (COL) by the U.S. NRC, while Korea still uses a two-step licensing process. Thus, referencing the concept of the SECY documents, we have established the design scope and level for the SMART DC using the contexts of the standard review plan (SRP). Some examples of the results and issues raised during our review are briefly presented in this paper. The same methodology will be applied to other types of reactor under development in Korea, such as future VHTR reactors.

DESIGN SCOPE AND LEVEL FOR STANDARD DESIGN CERTIFICATION UNDER A TWO STEP LICENSING PROCESS

NAMDUK SUH,허창욱 한국원자력학회 2012 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.44 No.6

A small integral reactor SMART (System Integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor), being developed in Korea since late 1990s and targeted to obtaining a standard design approval by the end of 2011, is introduced. The design scope and level for design certification (DC) is well described in the U.S. NRC SECY documents published the early 1990s. However, the documents are valid for a one-step licensing process called a combined operating license (COL) by the U.S. NRC, while Korea still uses a two-step licensing process. Thus, referencing the concept of the SECY documents, we have established the design scope and level for the SMART DC using the contexts of the standard review plan (SRP). Some examples of the results and issues raised during our review are briefly presented in this paper. The same methodology will be applied to other types of reactor under development in Korea, such as future VHTR reactors.

작전적 수준과 작전술

김정익 ( Jung Ik Kim ) 미래군사학회 2015 한국군사학논총 Vol.4 No.1

The application of the theory of the level of war depends on mostly the size of the area with which one nation``s military concerns. It cannot be applied indiscriminately. In Big countries like the United State, the Joint Chiefs of Staffs is strategic level while theaters and areas are operational level. On the other hand, middle and small country like Republic of Korea, the Joint Chiefs of Staffs is strategic level as well as operational level at the same time in the sense that the war plan for the Korean Peninsula has to be made at this level. Because of this complication, a thorough consideration is needed in applying miliary theory. Operational art is a skill that the commanders and staffs of the operational level echelon use to develop a campaign plan. Operational Design is a tool of the operational art the result of which is an Operational approach. Operational approach is the conceptual basis for structuring campaigns and operations. This conceptual basis becomes a campaign plan through the Joint operation planning process(JOPP). JOPP is a tool to develop a campaign plan and its encompass operational design and approach and other procedures in its process.

조선 선체 생산설계 일정 계획을 위한 상세 이산사건 모델링기반 비즈니스 프로세스 시뮬레이션

손명조(Myeong-Jo Son),김태완(Tae-wan Kim) (사)한국CDE학회 2013 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.3

For the scheduling and the job assignment of the ship hull production design which is a process- based work, we suggest the simulation-based scheduling using the discrete-event-based business process simulation. First, we analyze the ship hull production design process from the perspective of a job assignment to make it into the simulation model using DEVS (Discrete Event System Specification) which is the representative modeling method for a discrete-event simulation. Based on the APIs of the open-source discrete-event simulation engine, we implement the simulation using the Groovy script. We develop the scenario generator in which the user defines detail information of the construction drawing and its member blocks, and design engineers information, and the various setting for the simulation including the job assignment strategy. We use the XML files from this scenario generator as inputs of simulation so that we can get simulation result in forms of Gantt chart without changes of the simulation model.

BIM적용 통합설계프로세스 진행과정의 정보수준에 관한 연구

김봉규(Kim Bong-Kyu),김길채(Kim Khil-Chae) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.29 No.1(계획계)

Apply the domestic construction market, integration of the BIM process to design the legal, technical, system, and the increase of the policy is required. Also to overseas construction market, with the chairmanship of the Ministry of Land, Korea institute of construction technology, private enterprise has been a lot of effort. However, the existing design of the domestic construction market, a step-by-step process of deriving the results is underway. Also various designs of the project requirements and follow the instructions to the business of the person is the difference in the flow of business. Also Drawings of the existing 2D-based nature of the Change Order Process ineffective and have a lot of repetitive tasks is real, wool is a lot of business. In this paper the Desirable in the domestic construction market, to Integrated Design Process Step-by-step model basis for the scope of the information level will be for the purpose of. Overseas countries of the design process step-by-step instructions for applying BIM requirements present level of information and analysis based on comparison of Denmark is a BIM design guidelines.

Assessment of Using Statistical Leakage Estimation at the Macro Level for VLSI Designs

Jae Hoon Kim,Wook Kim,Young Hwan Kim 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7

With the rapid increase of process variation, the necessity of high-level statistical analysis that considers the performance variation of circuit components is being emphasized today. However, while most work on statistical leakage estimation has focused on gate-level design, its use for high-level design has not been well established yet. This paper assesses the effectiveness of using statistical leakage estimation for high-level design through the extensive comparison of the worst-case leakage estimation results with those of the statistical leakage estimation.