THE IMPLEMENTATION OF S/W DESIGN OF LEAKAGE SENSING MONITORING SYSTEM USING RTD-1000 IN GIS

Byungmo Kang,Insik Hong 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2006 No.-

We are currently in the actual circumstances to be lost as 30 percents our country leakage. A surrounding environment of the water pipe was infected, and increased quality of water pollution phenomenon in conduit pipe by water leakage. And, by water leakage, caused huge economical damage. Is ceilinged in leakage of water detection to using leakage of water detection method in our country now. As well as can not search correct position even if water leakage happens, because leakage of water detection is impossible by real time. In this paper we solved difficult of existent product and difficulty of existent monitoring system and maintenance through research of leakage sensing monitoring system S/W design in leakage sensing system. And, at the same time, we simulated leakage sensing monitoring system and implemented of S/W design.

Electrical Leakage Levels Estimated from Luminescence and Photovoltaic Properties under Photoexcitation for GaN-based Light-emitting Diodes

김종석,김형태,김승택,최원진,정형돈 한국광학회 2019 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.3 No.6

The electrical leakage levels of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) containing leakage paths are estimated using photoluminescence (PL) and photovoltaic properties under photoexcitation conditions. The PL intensity and open-circuit voltage (V OC ) decrease because of carrier leakages depending on photoexcitation conditions when compared with reference values for typical LED chips without leakage paths. Changes of photovoltage-photocurrent characteristics and PL intensity due to carrier leakage are employed to assess the leakage current levels of LEDs with leakage paths. The current corresponding to the reduced V OC of an LED with leakage from the photovoltaic curve of a reference LED without leakage is matched with the leakage current calculated using the PL intensity reduction ratio and short-circuit current of the LED with leakage. The current needed to increase the voltage for an LED with a leakage under photoexcitation from V OC of the LED up to V OC of a reference LED without a leakage is identical to the additional current needed for optical turn-on of the LED with a leakage. The leakage current level estimated using the PL and photovoltaic properties under photoexcitation is consistent with the leakage level measured from the voltage-current characteristic obtained under current injection conditions.

중소기업 프로파일링 분석을 통한 기술유출 방지 및 보호 모형 연구

유인진 ( Yoo In-jin ),박도형 ( Park Do-hyung ) 한국정보시스템학회 2018 情報시스템硏究 Vol.27 No.1

Purpose Corporate technology leakage is not only monetary loss, but also has a negative impact on the corporate image and further deteriorates sustainable growth. In particular, since SMEs are highly dependent on core technologies compared to large corporations, loss of technology leakage threatens corporate survival. Therefore, it is important for SMEs to "prevent and protect technology leakage". With the recent development of data analysis technology and the opening of public data, it has become possible to discover and proactively detect companies with a high probability of technology leakage based on actual company data. In this study, we try to construct profiles of enterprises with and without technology leakage experience through profiling analysis using data mining techniques. Furthermore, based on this, we propose a classification model that distinguishes companies that are likely to leak technology. Design/methodology/approach This study tries to develop the empirical model for prevention and protection of technology leakage through profiling method which analyzes each SME from the viewpoint of individual. Based on the previous research, we tried to classify many characteristics of SMEs into six categories and to identify the factors influencing the technology leakage of SMEs from the enterprise point of view. Specifically, we divided the 29 SME characteristics into the following six categories: 'firm characteristics', 'organizational characteristics', 'technical characteristics', 'relational characteristics', 'financial characteristics', and 'enterprise core competencies'. Each characteristic was extracted from the questionnaire data of 'Survey of Small and Medium Enterprises Technology’ carried out annually by the Government of the Republic of Korea. Since the number of SMEs with experience of technology leakage in questionnaire data was significantly smaller than the other, we made a 1: 1 correspondence with each sample through mixed sampling. We conducted profiling of companies with and without technology leakage experience using decision-tree technique for research data, and derived meaningful variables that can distinguish the two. Then, empirical model for prevention and protection of technology leakage was developed through discriminant analysis and logistic regression analysis. Findings Profiling analysis shows that technology novelty, enterprise technology group, number of intellectual property registrations, product life cycle, technology development infrastructure level(absence of dedicated organization), enterprise core competency(design) and enterprise core competency(process design) help us find SME’s technology leakage. We developed the two empirical model for prevention and protection of technology leakage in SMEs using discriminant analysis and logistic regression analysis, and each hit ratio is 65%(discriminant analysis) and 67%(logistic regression analysis).

두개저 외과수술에서 뇌척수액 비루의 치료

이승준(Seong Jun Lee),심유식(Yu Shik Shim),홍창기(Chang Ki Hong),장종희(Jong Hee Chang),안정용(Jung Yong Ahn),이규성(Kyu Sung Lee) 대한두개저학회 2008 대한두개저학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Objective : In various skull base approaches, the risk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage exists and the leakage may lead to a life-threatening condition such as meningoencephalitis. The incidence of its occurrence varies in previous literatures and the management dealing the leakage was not established. In this study, we reviewed our experiences dealing CSF leakage after a skull base surgery and suggest a guideline of managing CSF leakage. Patients and Methods : From 2001 to 2007, 273 patients who underwent skull base surgery for managing tumor were reviewed retrospectively. The charts were analyzed for the date of surgery, age and sex of the patient, the presence or absence of CSF leak, and when present, its managements. Results : Among the 273 patients, six patients had CSF leakage after surgery. The incidence of CSF leakage in this series was 2.19%. The risk of CSF leakage was highest in the retrosigmoid and combined approaches (3.03%). Two of these patients with CSF leakage developed bacterial meningitis, and these two patients with meningitis were treated with intravenous antibiotics. Among the six patients, the CSF leakage had improved without a direct surgical repair of dural defect in four patients; the others underwent a surgical repair. Conclusions : Our results indicate that postoperative CSF leakage can be managed activity restriction, and lumbar-subarachnoid drainage, but in case of refractory leakage, wound revision and surgical dural defect repair enables the patients to reduce hospital days and further complications.

A leak detection and 3D source localization method on a plant piping system by using multiple cameras

김세오,박재석,박종원 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.1

To reduce the secondary damage caused by leakage accidents in plant piping systems, a constant surveillancesystem is necessary. To ensure leaks are promptly addressed, the surveillance system should beable to detect not only the leak itself, but also the location of the leak. Recently, research to develop newmethods has been conducted using cameras to detect leakage and to estimate the location of leakage. However, existing methods solely estimate whether a leak exists or not, or only provide two-dimensionalcoordinates of the leakage location. In this paper, a method using multiple cameras to detect leakage andestimate the three-dimensional coordinates of the leakage location is presented. Leakage is detected byeach camera using MADI(Moving Average Differential Image) and histogram analysis. The twodimensionalleakage location is estimated using the detected leakage area. The three-dimensionalleakage location is subsequently estimated based on the two-dimensional leakage location. To achievethis, the coordinates (x, z) for the leakage are calculated for a horizontal section (XZ plane) in themonitoring area. Then, the y-coordinate of leakage is calculated using a vertical section from eachcamera. The method proposed in this paper could accurately estimate the three-dimensional location ofa leak using multiple cameras

간담도 스캔 시 담즙 누출(Biliary Leakage)환자에서의 양측와위 자세(Both Decubitus Position)의 유용성

반영각,노동욱,강천구,김재삼,이창호,Bahn, Young-Kag,Roh, Dong-Ook,Kang, Chun-Koo,Kim, Jae-Sam,Lee, Chang-Ho 대한핵의학기술학회 2008 핵의학 기술 Vol.12 No.2

간담도 스캔은 방사성의약품을 정맥주사 후 간세포에 섭취되어 담즙과 함께 담낭과 담도를 통하여 십이지장으로 배출되는 양상을 경시적으로 검사한다. 따라서 간세포와 담낭의 기능 정도 및 담도계의 폐쇄 여부를 알 수 있고 담즙의 누출 유무, 위치 및 정도를 확인하는데 가장 예민한 검사 방법이다. 하지만 담즙 누출을 확인하기 위한 목적의 간담도 스캔은 누출된 담즙과 장으로 배출된 담즙의 구분이 명확하지 않다. 그래서 본 연구는 간담도 스캔 검사 시 양측와위 자세로 검사를 시행하여 누출된 담즙과 장으로 배출 된 방사능을 분리 구분하여 더욱 명확한 담즙 누출의 진단을 하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 총 31명의 환자 중 남자는 14명, 여자는 17명이고, 평균나이는 $51.1{\pm}14.4$세였다. 정상위 자세에서 1분씩 60분간 경시적 영상을 획득하고, 지연검사는 2시간, 4시간, 24시간 간격의 정상위 자세와 좌우 측와위 자세로 각각 5분 동안 영상을 획득하였다. 단, 측와위 자세의 영상 획득 시 약 5분간 측와위 자세를 유지한 후에 영상을 획득 하였다. 간담도 스캔 시 담즙 누출 환자에서의 양측와위 자세의 유용성을 알아보기 위해 정상위 검사에서 누출이 바로 확인되는 환자의 측와위 자세와 관심영역을 비교하여 누출 여부(크기, 위치, 농도)의 감별 편리성의 양상을 비교하였고, 의심되는 질환이 담즙 누출이지만 경시적 영상에서 누출부위를 확실히 구분할 수 없는 환자의 측와위 자세를 통해 누출부위를 우선적으로 식별할 수 있는 환자가 어느 정도인지를 검사대비 감별확률로 비교하였다. 31명의 담즙 누출 환자 중 23명의 환자는 기능영상 혹은 지연영상에서 담즙 누출을 확인하였고, 8명의 환자는 측와위에서 담즙 누출을 확인 할 수 있었다. 영상에서 해부학적으로 누출 위치를 찾는 것은 정상위가 더욱 용이하였으나, 양측와 위 자세 변동으로 인한 장내 담즙의 이동으로 담즙의 누출이 더욱 확실히 구분되었다. 또한 관심영역과 배후방사능의 섭취계수(Counts/Pixel)를 구하여 관심영역/배후방사능비를 평가결과, 평균은 정상위 5.02, 좌측와위 2.08, 우측와위 2.68이었다. 관심영역의 화소 수를 분석하여 크기를 비교할 경우, 좌측와위는 정상위에 비해 평균 1.91배 컸고, 우측와위는 평균 1.05배 컸다. 결과적으로 31명의 환자 중 38.5% 정도만이 측와위가 의미가 있었지만, 위치 변동으로 인해 장내 담즙의 이동으로 누출의 위치는 더욱 명확한 구분이 가능하였다. 또한 그 38.5%의 환자에서 정상위와 양측와위에서의 관심영역/배후방사능비, 관심영역의 크기를 비교하면 측와위에서 관심영역의 넓이는 좌측와위 19%, 우측와위 5% 넓어지고, 농도는 좌측와위 약 60%, 우측와위 약 50% 옅어졌으며, 이는 복강 내로 관심영역의 담즙누출을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 간담도 검사시 담즙 누출을 의심하는 환자에게 양측와위 자세를 추가하여 검사를 한다면 담즙 누출을 정확하게 진단할 것으로 사료된다. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is very sensitivity of hepatic cell and gallbladder, biliary track atresia and biliary leakage. however, Hepatobiliary scan of biliary leakage diagnosis was separated determine biliary leakage and bowl drainage bile-juice. The object of this study will determine biliary leakage and bowl drainage bile-juice to hepatobiliary scintigraphy both decubitus position in bile leakage patients. Material & Methode: 31 patients (meal 14, Femeal 17), $51.1{\pm}14.4$ years. dynamic scan acquisition 60 farme for 60 minute on supine position. and delay scan was 2 hrs, 4 hrs, 24 hrs for 5 minute on supine, both decubitus position. Both decubitus position scan was kept for 5 minutes. Efficient of Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy both decubitus position in bile leakage patients was compared leakage size, density, image of supine position and both decubitus position. Results: 23 patients for 31 bile leakage patients was checked up function image or delay image, and 8 patients was checked up bile leakage on both decubitus. anatomical leakage location was supine position very well, but both decubitus position was separated bile leakage and moving bile-juice in bowl. also, uptake (counts/pixel) average of roi and bkg was supine 5.02, left decubitus 2.08, right decubitus 2.68. No. pixels of supine ROI counted 1.91 times than left decubitus, 1.05 times than right decubitus. Conclusion: 31 patient both decubitus position, but decubitus position was separated bile juice movement in bowl leakage location. also, It was compared ROI/BKG ratio and ROI No. pixels of supine, both decubitus in 38.5% patients. And No. pixels of supine position was large 19%, 5% than left decubitus, right decubitus, And density was in low 60%, 50% than left decubitus, right decubitus. It was mean bile leakage of ROI. so, If Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy was additional both decubitus position scan in bile leakage patients, this study will be more valuable in diagnosis of bile leakage.

유럽연합(EU)과 한국의 배출권거래제 비교연구 : 탄소누출 대응을 중심으로

이현출,김민전,최영빈 아시아.유럽미래학회 2022 유라시아연구 Vol.19 No.4

Based on the perception that carbon leakage, which is considered to be a significant matter in the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), may occur in the Korea Emissions Trading System (K-ETS) under the third compliance period, this paper compared the direction of Phase 4 of EU ETS with the 3rd compliance period of Korean Emissions Trading System (K-ETS) to suggest the future direction of the K-ETS after 3rd compliance period. Phase 4 of EU ETS uses the free allocation method, the carbon leakage exposure factor (CLEF), and carbon leakage list to prevent carbon leakage, and in the case of free allocation, the benchmark method based on the emission-efficiency tradeoff. At this point, there is a difference between the K-ETS, which uses the Grandfathering with the Benchmark for free allocation, and EU ETS. After comparing the characteristics of the two emission trading systems, this paper presents the future direction of the Korean emission trading system as follows. First, we prepare the means to respond to carbon leakage in order to reflect the recognition of the Korean emission trading system on carbon leakage. This study reviewed the European Union's carbon leakage exposure factor (CLEF) calculation method, which is an example of carbon leakage response, and suggested expanding the emission efficiency-based allocation method (BM) while at the same time selecting carbon leakage exposure industries as prerequisites for using similar policies with the CLEF under the Korean emission trading system. Second, it is necessary to develop a new methodology to select industries that are highly exposed to carbon leakage in the K-ETS. This study examined if the European Union's method of determining whether to register carbon leakage lists could be applied to Korea, and concluded that a new methodology should be proposed to select carbon leakage exposure industries under the Korean emission trading system. Third, the role of free allocation of the K-ETS should be reduced in the long run. This is a prerequisite for the stable implementation of the two measures mentioned earlier to block carbon leakage and is a goal that must be achieved to maintain Korea's external competitiveness with respect to the international systems such as the carbon border adjustment system. To examine the necessity of achieving these goals, this paper calculated the potential compliance costs that Korea must bear under the carbon border adjustment system operated in conjunction with the EU emission trading system. As a result of our calculation, Korea's external competitiveness is feared to weaken in terms of exports as the emission trading prices are significantly different from those in the European Union. It also appears rather burdensome to implement specific measures to cope with the carbon leakage.

내시경을 사용한 경비적 경접형동 수술에서의 뇌척수액 유출 예방에 대한 고찰

박준상 ( Jun Sang Park ),강석구 ( Seok Gu Kang ),홍용길 ( Yong Gil Hong ),전신수 ( Sin Soo Jeun ) 대한뇌종양학회 대한신경종양학회 2014 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.2 No.1

Objectives:The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA) is increasingly being used to treat pituitary ad-enomas and other sellar/suprasellar pathologies. One important complication of the transsphenoidal approach is cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) leakage, which occurs in 0.4 to 9% of cases. We report our experience with EETSA and describe the methods that we use to prevent CSF leakage. Methods:A single surgeon performed EETSA on 170 consecutive patients between Feb 2004 and Apr 2011. Patients were divided into three groups based on their CSF leakage status as follows: no CSF leakage, minor CSF leakage, and major CSF leakage. Sellar floor reconstruction was performed according to this classification. In the no-CSF leakage group, sel-lar floor reconstruction was performed with oxidative cellulose (Surgicel®) only. In the second group (minor CSF leakage), sellar floor reconstruction was performed using autologous fat and bone grafts. Patients in the third group (major CSF leakage) underwent an additional reconstructive procedure of the skull base using the pedicled septal mucosal flap. Results:Of 170 patients, 30 (17.6%) showed CSF leakage in the operation field ; 24 (14.1%) were classified as having minor CSF leakage and 6 (3.5%) patients were classified as having major CSF leakage. Post-operative CSF leakage occurred in only two cases. Conclusion:CSF leakage, though relatively common in the operation field, can be prevented effectively with adequate reconstruction techniques. Assignment of patients to one of three groups based on their CSF leakage in the operation field and sellar floor reconstruction based on this classification resulted in favorable postoperative outcomes.

임상 : 내시경을 사용한 경비적 경접형동 수술에서의 뇌척수액 유출 예방에 대한 고찰

박준상 ( Jun Sang Park ),강석구 ( Seok Gu Kang ),홍용길 ( Yong Gil Hong ),전신수 ( Sin Soo Jeun ) 대한뇌종양학회 2012 대한뇌종양학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Objectives:The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA) is increasingly being used to treat pituitary adenomas and other sellar/suprasellar pathologies. One important complication of the transsphenoidal approach is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, which occurs in 0.4 to 9% of cases. We report our experience with EETSA and describe the me-thods that we use to prevent CSF leakage. Methods:A single surgeon performed EETSA on 170 consecutive patients between Feb 2004 and Apr 2011. Patients were divided into three groups based on their CSF leakage status as follows: no CSF leakage, minor CSF leakage, and major CSF leakage. Sellar floor reconstruction was performed according to this classification. In the no-CSF leakage group, sellar floor reconstruction was performed with oxidative cellulose (Surgicel®) only. In the second group (minor CSF leakage), sellar floor reconstruction was performed using autologous fat and bone grafts. Patients in the third group (major CSF leakage) underwent an additional reconstructive procedure of the skull base using the pedicled septal mucosal flap. Results:Of 170 patients, 30 (17.6%) showed CSF leakage in the operation field ; 24 (14.1%) were classified as having minor CSF leakage and 6 (3.5%) patients were classified as having major CSF leakage. Post-operative CSF leakage occurred in only two cases. Conclusion:CSF leakage, though relatively common in the operation field, can be prevented effectively with adequate reconstruction techniques. Assignment of patients to one of three groups based on their CSF leakage in the operation field and sellar floor reconstruction based on this classification resulted in favorable postoperative outcomes.

누설 확산 및 누설 위치 변화율 분석을 이용한 플랜트 배관 증기누설 검출 방법

김세오(Se-Oh Kim),전형섭(Hyeong-Seop Jeon),손기성(Ki-Sung Son),박종원(Jong Won Park) 한국비파괴검사학회 2020 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.40 No.2

최근 증기누설 감시 방법으로 카메라 이미지를 이용한 누설 검출 및 누설 위치 추정방법에 대해 연구되고 있다. 그러나 기존에 연구된 카메라 이미지를 이용한 증기누설 검출 방법들은 차영상 기법을 기반에 두고 있어서 모든 움직이는 물체가 누설로 검출되는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 카메라를 이용한 누설 검출 및 누설 위치 추정방법을 통해 취득한 누설 영역 및 추정된 누설 위치를 기반으로 누설 확산 및 누설 위치 변화율 분석 방법을 추가로 수행하여 누설 검출 시 이미지에 검출된 움직이는 물체중 실제 누설만 검출하는 방법을 제안하였으며 실험을 통하여 그 성능을 검증하였다. Recently, leakage detection and leakage location estimation methods using camera images have been studied as a method or monitoring steam leakage. However, the conventional leakage detection methods employing camera images are based on the differences in the captured images. These methods incorrectly detect all moving objects are detected as leakages. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a leakage detection method that utilizes both the leakage area and the estimated leakage location obtained by a conventional method. The proposed method performs leakage diffusion and leakage location rate of change analysis, thereby identifying only the actual leakage. Finally, the proposed method is verified experimentally.