북극 스발바르 제도에 서식하는 관속식물의 국명

이유경,이은주 한국기후변화학회 2019 한국기후변화학회지 Vol.10 No.1

This study provides Korean names for the arctic vascular plants living in the High Arctic Svalbard archipelago. We applied the following naming rules to determine suitable Korean names for the Arctic plants. (1) Original Korean names were used for 42 species because they were already registered at Korean Plant Names Index (KPNI, http://www.nature.go.kr). (2) Korean names that were previously published in a paper (Lee et al., 2012) or in the book ‘Beautiful Arctic Tundra Plants’ were used for 56 species. (3) For a plant species without a Korean name, the scientific name of the species including subspecies or variation was translated into Korean; this was performed for 39 species. (4) When it was difficult to translate the scientific name, the English common name was translated into the Korean name; this occurred in 51 species. (5) When the scientific or common name referred to Arctic, the Korean word for Arctic, ‘Buk-geuk,’ was assigned. Even in cases where the scientific or common name did not refer to Arctic but the plant was distributed in the Arctic and subarctic, ‘Buk-geuk’ was used for the Korean name. Nine species were assigned ‘Buk-geuk’ in their Korean name. (6) When there is no Korean name for the genus, the scientific name of the genus was translated into the Korean genus name, or the Korean name of the type species for the genus was used for the Korean genus name. (7) If it was difficult to apply these rules to a certain species, the Korean word ‘Nado,’ which means ‘me too’ was added to the Korean name of a phylogenetically similar species. In this study, we listed 198 Korean names for vascular plants reported on the Svalbard archipelago, including two Lycopodiophytes, seven Pteridophytes, and 189 Magnoliophytes.

우크라이나 한인 선교사의 교회 개척 상황과 그 선교적 과제

최하영 ( Ha Young Choi ) 아세아연합신학대학교 신학연구소 2015 ACTS 신학저널 Vol.24 No.-

In this paper, I will discuss about church planting of Korean Protestant missionaries in Ukraine, the country rooted in Orthodox Church for more than a thousand years. Since the Ukraine became independent from Soviet Union in August 1991, local Christians who endured hardship and Protestant missionaries brought a lot of changes in Ukraine such as politics, economy and religion. However, Protestant is only 2.2% of the Ukraine population. In the midst of this state, in 2015, 68 units of Korean missionaries were sent to and carry out ministry in the Ukraine. Early Korean missionaries’ ministry was focused on local Koreans; then, gradually approached natives. Since 1991, in 5 years, 11 units arrived to the Ukraine. Since then, Korean missionaries have been constantly dispatched to the Ukraine. Currently, about half of them work on church planting. Also, half of the missionaries work in Kiev and surrounding areas. Therefore, to find current church planting situation and its task, a survey was conducted with 20 Korean missionaries. And result is as following. First, the prayer was the first priority in preparation for church planting. Then followed information gathering and organizing a team for church planting, and preparing a building was the last priority. Like this, not focus on building, but start from Cell group gathering through evangelization. However, in the Ukraine, people influenced by beautiful Orthodox churches do not accept church without a building, which makes difficult to have a worship in Cell group. An obstacle to Korean missionaries is not only their culture, but also the language. Thus, early Korean missionaries worked with local Koreans who could translate them for church planting. Dr. Ralph D. Winter classified missionary and local leader relationship into four stages of development: stage one Pioneer, stage two Parents, stage three Partner, and stage four Participant. This is the way of European missionaries adapting to the Third World countries. Korean missionaries have to take approach in an opposite order,since their target is white Ukrainian rooted to Orthodox Church. So, first as Participant, then as Partner, then as Parent, and lastly, after becoming Pioneer, success to trained disciples and leave. Therefore, Korean missionaries should plant church using their strengths and opportunities: passionate prayer, devotion to mission, outstanding adapting ability, high education and various talents. Consequently, for localization, Korean missionaries should help to raise Self-Support, Self-Government, Self-Propagation, Self-Theologizing, Self- Missionizing in the Ukraine church.

한국교회의 교회개척 형태의 변화에 관한 연구

김주덕(Kim, Ju-duk) 한국선교신학회 2008 선교신학 Vol.17 No.-

Since the introduction of Christianity in Korea, there has been a remarkable growth in the number of church members, despite its short history in the country. Subsequently, numerous churches have been and still are being founded in Korea, most of them being relatively new. Nevertheless, theological research conducted on the issue of ‘Church Planting’ has been not very fruitful. However, Peter Wagner began teaching about ‘Church Planting’ at the Fuller Theological Seminary in the USA from the end of the 1970s, which influenced Korean scholars in Korea. Due to his influence, many Korean scholars also started to study the topic of ‘Church Planting’ in Korea since the 1990s. Fortunately, since then, many Korean scholars have studied ‘Church Planting‘ in varieties of diverse ways in order to make the Korean Church stronger. When I look at context of the Korean Church nowadays, I get the impression that the foundation of new churches will carry on continuously. Moreover, ‘Church Planting’ has to occur throughout time, for the completion of the mission which was given to us by Jesus Christ. Therefore, it is my hope that theological research on ‘Church Planting‘ would continue to grow and become more successful in the future. In my study, I will research the relationship of the development of churches throughout time, from when they were first set up. My research will give good directions in order to create a strong church heading, thus be useful to show how to set up a strong, new church in Korea. First of all, in my study, I studied the meaning and necessity of ‘Church Planting’ in the Korean Church in Chapter II, followed by the introduction in Chapter I. I divided the form of ‘Church Planting’ in the Korean Church from the subject of church planting in Chapter III. In chapter IV, I subdivided the four forms of ‘Church Planting’ through each of the times, and I looked at the diverse characteristics of ‘Church Planting’ in the history of the Korean Church.

한국교회 생태계와 선교적 교회개척

YANG PETER HYUNPHYO 고신대학교 개혁주의학술원 2023 갱신과 부흥 Vol.32 No.-

본 논문은 교회개척에 관한 논문이다. 교회개척은 지금도 하나님 나라 확장을 위해 필수적이며 당위성이 있다. 하지만 동시에 고려해야만 하는 사실은 교회개척은 언제나 그 시대에 합당한 원리와 방법이어야 한다. 따라서 필자는 먼저 한국교회를 “교회 생태계”란 말로 분석하고 그 생태계에 합당한 교회개척 원리를 제시한다. 그리고 그러한 교회개척을 “선교적 교회개척”이라 필자는 명한다. 필자는 선교적 교회개척은 다름 아닌 “사도적 교회개척”으로서 사도들이 1세기에 사용했던 원리와 방법인데, 이것이 21세기 한국교회가 소생하는 하나의 대안이 될 것이라고 주장한다. 필자는 먼저 교회개척을 간단하게 정의한 후, 교회개척의 당위성을 성경적으로, 생태학적으로, 그리고 목회현장적으로 분석한다. 나아가 한국교회생태계를 ① 비기독교 나라에서의 교회 ② 포스트모던 시대의 교회, ③ 영향력과 권위를 잃어버린 교회, ④ 탈기독교 시대의 교회(탈부흥시대의 교회), ⑤ 포스트 코로나19 시대의 교회, 그리고 ⑥ 양극화와 고령화 사회 속에서의 교회 등으로 규정한다. 이러한 생태계에서의 교회개척 방안을 필자는 선교적 교회개척이라 명하고, 선교적 교회개척은 ① 건물이 아닌 사람을 교회로 세우는 교회개척, ② 복음전도를 그 방법론으로 삼는 교회개척, ③ 하나님 나라의 확장을 목표로 삼는 교회개척, ④ 지역교회(마을교회, 지역 맞춤형 교회)를 세우는 교회개척, 그리고 ⑤ 교회개척자의 생존에 대한 방안을 마련하는 교회개척이라고 필자는 주장한다. In this article concerning church planting, the author argues that church planting efforts are still essential to and remain justified for the kingdom of God. At the same time, church planting should always be done along principles and with methods that are appropriate for the context of the plant. To illustrate this point, the author analyzes the Korean church with respect to its “church ecosystem” (“context”) and draws out the principles that are appropriate to that context. This type of church planting can be called “missional church planting.” The author goes on to argue that missional church planting is akin to “apostolic church planting,” reflecting the principles and methods used by the apostles in the 1st century, and proposes that this alternative be the route to the revival of the Korean church in the 21st century. To make this argument, the author first briefly defines church planting and then argues for its necessity and justification biblically, ecologically (contextually), and pastorally. In this light, the Korean church context is characterized by ①churches in non-Christian countries, ②churches in post-modern era, ③churches that have lost influence and authority, ④churches in the post-Christian era (post-revival era), ⑤churches in the post-COVID-19 era, and ⑥churches in a polarized and aging society. The church planting that this context calls for is “missional church planting,” which is characterized by ①a focus on building up people, not property; ②a reliance on evangelism, not programs or church-attraction activities; ③a bigger picture focus on expanding the kingdom of God, not any individual church's enlargement; ④the establishment and proliferation of locally contextualized churches, not national churches (megachurches); and ⑤intentional strategies to develop and sustain church planters, not “leaving it up to God.”

초기 한국교회 개척방법론으로서의 네비우스 정책과 평가

최동규(Dongkyu Choi) 한국선교신학회 2013 선교신학 Vol.34 No.-

The early Korean church had experienced rapid growth and revival. What caused this phenomenon? What are its driving forces? Though so far there have been many papers on the quantitative growth of the Korean church, there are almost none which deals with it from the perspective of church planting. Therefore, in this paper, I tried to evaluate the Nevius Plan as a church planting theory that enabled the early Korean church to grow rapidly. As a result of this study, I found that the Nevius Plan as a church planting method has some strengths and weaknesses. The Nevius Plan is positive in that it enhances greatly the spontaneity of believers on the basis of Three-self Principle-self-support, self-governance, and self-propaganda. However, it is not an absolute principle that can unconditionally be applied in every condition. In addition, it is wrong to place the responsibility of evangelism and church planting on only native people. Such interpretation is a distortion of the Nevius Plan. This would be demonstrated by the supportive argument that when considering Adams Evangelistic Fund, the Nevius Plan did not collide with strategic fund supports. When the Nevius Plan based on Three-self Principle was introduced to missionaries in Korea, it was indigenized into a church planting method focused on self-support and self-propaganda. As a church planting theory, it regarded the church as an organic community full of vitality and pursued establishing indigenous churches in their own culture. Three-self Principle functioned as a concrete method for church planting. However, it should not be recognized as an end in itself or an absolute theory, rather it should be applied appropriately in a certain circumstance in which local churches existed. In his writing, John Nevius also agrees that supporting fund should be invested to several ministries such as school, and to hire paid workers in case of need. Therefore, to believe that the Nevius Plan insists on leaving the responsibility of evangelism and church planting to native people without any outer fund, is a distorted interpretation. As the Nevius Plan was applied all over the country, Adams Evangelistic Fund, which had a marked effect on church planting ministry in Taegu area, demonstrates how the Nevius Plan as a indigenous church planting theory could be harmonized with fund support. Three-self Principle is the important foundation for indigenous church planting. The Nevius Plan makes church planting not a humanistic enterprise but a dynamic work led by the Holy Spirit. On the other hand, if funds in the strategic church planting support workers devoted to the Three-self spirit, it will heighten the intensity of effect more than the case of when everything is left to only native people will. It is of course that beneficiaries' sense of independence is necessary in this case.

Potential Risk of Genetically Modified Plants in Korean Ecosystem

Sang In Shim,Byung-Moo Lee,Byeung Hoa Kang 韓國作物學會 2001 Korean journal of crop science Vol.46 No.2

Introgression from genetically modified plants (GMPs) may be dependent on the genetic similarity to wild relative plants. In Korea, many wild plant species are botanically related to the cultivated plants that have a potential to be genetically transformed. The controversy for hazards of GMPs is continuing because the studies on gene flow or introgression are little. Based on the systematic criteria, we have surveyed Korean wild plant species that showed the similarity to cultivating crops. The consideration for feasibility of genetic pollution (introgression of transgene) is necessary for the successful accomplishment in the practical use of GMPs. Although the detrimental effects of GMPs on wild relatives have not been clearly verified, Korean wild plant species related to crop plant (potential GMP) have to be investigated with respect to the introgression. Korean flora consists of ca. 5,500 species. Among them, 1,448 species are classified as weed species (966 native, 325 naturalized, and 167 escaped ones), which is vulnerable to GMPs in term of introgression. We suggested the principal Korean wild plants related to major crops that might be affected by GMPs via introgression. The investigated species herein are selected based on the morphological and phenological relationship. It is necessary to verify the genetic relationship between cultivated plants and wild relatives sing more precise molecular techniques, which provide the information of likelihood for the introgression of transgene

Vegetation and Flora in the Cheonbansan (Mt.), Jinan

Oh, Hyun-Kyung,Han, Yun-Hee,Kim, Dal-Ho national science museum of korea 2010 Journal of Korean nature Vol.3 No.2

The vascular plants in the Cheonbansan were listed 241 taxa; 72 families, 157 genera, 307 species, 27 varieties and 7 forms. Divided into 241 taxa; woody plants were 95 taxa (39.4%) and herbaceous plants were 146 taxa (60.6%). Based on the rare plants (IUCN) by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum, 2 taxa (Viola albida, etc.). Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 8 taxa (Salix koriyanagi, Lespedeza maximowiczii for. tomentella, Indigofera koreana, Weigela subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile, etc.). Specific plant species by floral region were total 15 taxa (6.2% of all 241 taxa of vascular plants); Lonicera subhispida in class, Orostachys sikokianus, Ostericum melanotilingia in class, 9 taxa (Betula schmidtii, Quercus variabilis, Clematis patens, Spiraea blumei, Ilex macropoda, Vaccinium oldhami, Lonicera praeflorens, Microstegium japonicum, Hosta capitata) in class. The naturalized plants in the surveyed sites were 8 families, 13 genera, 16 taxa (Rumex acetocella, Silene armeria, Lepidium apetalum, Trifolium pratense, Oenothera odorata, Cuscuta pentagona, Xanthium strumarium, Eragrostis curvula, etc.) and naturalization rate was 6.6% of all 241 taxa of vascular plants. The vegetation of results in the Cheonbansan, a total of 4 plant communities; Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis community, Quercus serrata community, Quercus mongolica community. The occupied in low-slope and valley of Quercus serrata community, mountain side of Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis community, top and ridge of Quercus mongolica community.

Potential Risk of Genetically Modified Plants in Korean Ecosystem: a Proposal for Unintended Effects on Korean Wild Species

Shim, Sang-In,Lee, Byung-Moo,Kang, Byeung-Hoa The Korean Society of Crop Science 2001 한국작물학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Introgression from genetically modified plants (GMPs) may be dependent on the genetic similarity to wild relative plants. In Korea, many wild plant species are botanically related to the cultivated plants that have a potential to be genetically transformed. The controversy for hazards of GMPs is continuing because the studies on gene flow or introgression are little. Based on the systematic criteria, we have surveyed Korean wild plant species that showed the similarity to cultivating crops. The consideration for feasibility of genetic pollution (introgression of transgene) is necessary for the successful accomplishment in the practical use of GMPs. Although the detrimental effects of GMPs on wild relatives have not been clearly verified, Korean wild plant species related to crop plant (potential GMP) have to be investigated with respect to the introgression. Korean flora consists of ca. 5,500 species. Among them, 1,448 species are classified as weed species (966 native, 325 naturalized, and 167 escaped ones), which is vulnerable to GMPs in term of introgression. We suggested the principal Korean wild plants related to major crops that might be affected by GMPs via introgression. The investigated species herein are selected based on the morphological and phenological relationship. It is necessary to verify the genetic relationship between cultivated plants and wild relatives sing more precise molecular techniques, which provide the information of likelihood for the introgression of transgene.

전북 고산자연휴양림 일대의 관속식물상 연구 -식재종을 제외한 야생식물을 중심으로-

김영하(Kim, Young-Ha),변무섭(Beon, Mu-Sup),오현경(Oh, Hyun-Kyung) 한국자원식물학회 2006 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.19 No.5

본 연구는 고산자연휴양림일대에서 식재종이나 원예종(화훼식물포함)을 제외한 야생식물만을 대상으로 조사하였으며, 이에 따른 휴양림 관리나 생태교육자료 및 식물자원의 보전과 활용에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 수행한바 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 본 조사지역의 야생식물을 조사한 결과, 99과 252속 289종 1아종 34변종 3품종으로 총 327종류(taxa)가 확인되었으며, 목본식물은 총 327종류 중 102종류(31.2%), 초본식물은 225종류(68.8%)로 분석되었다. 또한, 양치식물은 8과 11속 12종류(3.7%)와 나자식물은 3과 3속 3종류(0.9%)가, 피자식물은 88과 238속 312종류(95.4%)가 확인되었다. 이 가운데 단자엽식물은 10과 44속 51종류, 쌍자엽식물은 78과 194속 261종류가 확인되었다. 이중 희귀식물에는 말나리(보존우선순위 159번)와 쥐방울덩굴(151번)만이 확인되었으며, 한국특산식물에는 개비자나무, 지리대사초, 키버들, 병꽃나무가 확인되었다. 또한, 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 보전가치가 가장 높은 V등급에서부터 낮은 I등급까지 보전 우선순위를 평가한 것으로 본 조사지역에서 V등급과 IV등급에서는 확인되지 않았으나 III등급에 갈퀴아재비와 털괴불나무 2종류, II등급에는 말나리, 돌양지꽃, 층꽃나무, 곰취 4종류, I 등급에는 일월비비추, 물오리나무, 까치밥나무, 거지덩굴, 정금나무 등의 15종류로 분석되어 총21종류(taxa)가 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 12과 28속 31종 1변종으로 총 32종류(taxa)가 확인되었으며, 귀화율은 전체 327종류의 관속식물 중 9.8%로 분석되었다. 귀화도별 귀화식물을 살펴보면, 귀화도 5등급에는 오리새, 왕포아풀, 콩다닥냉이, 가죽나무, 애기땅빈대, 달맞이꽃, 돼지풀 등의 18종류, 귀화도 4등급에는 메귀리만이 관찰되었으며, 귀화도 3등급에는 나도닭의덩굴, 미국자리공, 말냉이, 붉은서나물, 지느러미엉겅퀴 등의 9종류, 귀화도 2등급에는 큰조아재비, 자운영, 도꼬마리, 귀화도 1등급에는 봄망초만이 확인되었다. 또한, 이입시기별 귀화식물에는 이입1기에 큰조가재비, 메귀리, 나도닭의덩굴, 말냉이, 아까시나무, 달맞이꽃, 도꼬마리, 큰방가지똥 등 24종류, 이입2기에 족제비싸리, 큰개불알풀, 돼지풀 3종류, 이입3기에 미국자리공, 콩다닥냉이, 봄망초, 붉은서나물, 미국가막사리 5종류가 조사되었다. 이중 환경부의 자연환경보전법 제 6조에 의거, 생태계교란야생식물인 돼지풀(Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior)은 본 조사지역의 입구와 관찰로 주변에서 확인되었으며, 이 식물은 자생식물 피압 뿐만 아니라 꽃가루 알레르기를 일으켜 인체에 피해를 주고 있는 식물이므로 지속적인 모니터링을 통한 관리방안이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The wild plants of the studied area in the Gosan recreational forest was listed 327 taxa: 99 families, 252 genera, 289 species,1 subspecies, 34 varieties and 3 forms. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 2 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium distichum (Presevation priority order: No. 159), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 4 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Weigela subsessilis. Specific plant species by floral region were total 21 taxa; 2 taxa (Asperula lasiantha, Lonicera subhispida) in class III, 4 taxa (Lilium distichum, Potentilla dickinsii, Caryopteris incana, Ligularia fischeri) in class II, 15 taxa (Hosta capitata, Alnus hirsuta, Ribes mandshuricum, Cayratia japonica, Vaccinium oldhami, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 12 families, 28 genera, 31 species, 1 varieties, 32 taxa and naturalization rate was 9.8%. So, wild plants disturbing ecosystem like Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior have been increasing and it needs continuing control and conservation measures on the plant ecosystem.

Classification Type of Vascular Plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan, Masan

Oh, Hyun-Kyung,Kang, Hyun-Mi,Choi, Song-Hyun national science museum of korea 2010 Journal of Korean nature Vol.3 No.4

The vascular plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan were listed 373 taxa; 87 families, 222 genera, 284 species, 3 subspecies, 71 varieties and 15 forms. The flora in the Yeohangsan were listed 267 taxa, Muhaksan were listed 199 taxa and Palyongsan were listed 163 taxa. Divided into 373 taxa; woody plants were 142 taxa (38.1%) and herbaceous plants were 231 taxa (61.9%). Based on the list of rare plants (IUCN) by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum, 3 taxa (Wikstroemia ganpi, Tricyrtis macropoda, etc.). Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 10 taxa (Philadelphus schrenkii var. schrenkii, Indigofera koreana, Lespedeza maritima, Stewartia pseudo-camellia, Weigela subsessilis, Hosta minor, etc.). Specific plants by floral region were total 34 taxa (9.1% of all 373 taxa of vascular plants); 2 taxa (Dumasia truncata, etc.) in class IV, 4 taxa (Rhus succedanea, Stewartia pseudo-camellia, Salvia japonica, etc.) in class III, 3 taxa (Viola orientalis, Cymopterus melanotilingia, Teucrium veronicoides) in class II, 25 taxa (Dryopteris erythrosora, Betula schmidtii, Quercus variabilis, Aphananthe aspera, Morus cathayana, Nanocnide japonica, Clematis patens, Rhynchosia acuminatifolia, Euonymus japonicus, Meliosma oldhamii, Cayratia japonica, Ardisia japonica, Ligustrum japonicum var. japonicum, Trigonotis icumae, Microstegium japonicum, Arisaema ringens, Polygonatum falcatum, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 20 taxa (Rumex crispus, Chenopodium album var. album, Amaranthus lividus, Phytolacca americana, Lepidium apetalum, Trifolium repens, Ailanthus altissima for. altissima, Oenothera biennis, Galinsoga ciliata, Bromus unioloides, etc.) and naturalization rate was 5.4% of all 373 taxa of vascular plants.