우리말 규범의 어제와 오늘

김순녀 ( Shun Nv Jin ) 국어교육학회 2011 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.41 No.-

본 논문은 우리말 규범화에서 제기되는 몇 가지 문제에 대한 견해를 피력한 논문이다. 논문은 모두 세 개 부분으로 구성되었다. 논문의 첫 번째 부분에서는 우리말이 부동한 언어들 사이의 생존경쟁에서 살아남으려면 통일규범이 제정되어야 함을 지적하였다. 두 번째 부분에서는 1945년 이후 한국, 조선, 중국 세 나라에서 진행한 우리말 규범화의 역사를 회고하고 한중수교 이후 중국조선어가 받는 한국어의 영향 및 이로 하여 중국조선어 규범화에서 나타난 문제를 제기하였다. 즉 중국의 조선민족을 대상으로 하는 우리말 교육에서는 중국의 규범을 적용하고 타민족을 대상으로 하는 외국어로서의 우리말 교육에서는 한국어 규범을 적용하면서 중국조선어의 규범이 혼란스러워지었다. 세 번째 부분에서는 중국조선어 규범화가 나아갈 길에는 첫째, 새로운 규범을 제정하는 길, 둘째, 한국이나 조선의 규범을 따르는 길, 셋째, 한국과 조선이 합의하여 제정한 통일규범을 수용하는 길이 있는데 이 가운데에서 중국조선어가 세 번째 길을 택해야 함을 지적하였다. 그리고 통일규범 제정에서 해결해야 할 사잇소리 표기와 두음법칙에 대한 견해를 제기하였다. 끝으로 반만년 역사를 갖고 있는 우리말의 동질성 확보와 민족문화의 창달을 위해서는 남과 북에서 서로가 양보하고 배려하면서 하루 빨리 우리말 통일규범이 제정되도록 힘써주기를 바랐다. 한국어교육에서 학습자의 언어처리 과정에 대한 과학적 탐구는 기여할 수 있는 바가 크다. 컴퓨터 언어처리 모형의 기본 원리 역시 인간의 언어 처리 과정을 기반으로 하고 있는 측면이 많기 때문이다. This paper gives a historical review of various issues brought up in standardization of Korean language. It consists three parts. First, it points out the importance and necessity of standardization of Korean language. The second part reviews the historical development of Korean standardization in South Korea, North Korea and China respectively since 1945 and points out the problems raised in standardization of Korean language used in China. Confusion is mainly caused by applying two different kinds of Korean standardization:one for Korean Chinese which follows Chinese standardization and another one for Korean education targeted foreigners who study Korean. The third part gives the possible solutions, which is either regulating a new way of standardizing, or adopting either South Korean or North Korean standardization, or a unified way neutralizing the standardization of Korean language used in both South Korea and North Korea. This paper argues that Korean standardization should adopt the third proposal;it also brings up two key issues that need to be sovled in this new proposal. At the end, the author urges scholars in both South and North Korea to speed up the process of Korean standardization with the spirit of mutual understanding for the sake of ensuring the identity of Korean language as well as further cultivation of Korean culture.

국어 규범 교육의 현황과 방향

김진희 한국국어교육학회 2013 새국어교육 Vol.0 No.96

오늘날 국어 화자의 국어 사용 양상을 살펴보면, 여간 놀라지 않을 수 없다. 국어 규범에 대한 파괴 현상은 날로 심각해지고 있으며 국어 규범에 대한 관심 부족으로 인하여 국어 규범의 위상조차 위태로운 실정이다. 이에 본고는 국어 규범 교육의 현황을 살펴보고 그에 따른 방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 현 국어 규범 교육을 살펴본 결과, 국어 규범 교육은 문법 교육에 한하여 이루어지고 있었으며 국어 규범 교육 내용은 학습자가 국어 규범의 이해를 돕는 구성과 내용 진술 부분에서 부족하다는 한계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 국어 규범 교육의 방향을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 국어 규범 교육의 위상은 국어과의 어느 한 영역에서 담당하는 것이 아닌 범 영역에서 다루어져야 한다. 또한 국어 규범 교육 내용은 국어 규범의 지적 호기심을 자극하고 보다 국어 규범에 대한 수월한 이해가 되도록 하여 학습자가 국어 규범을 내면화하고 실제 언어 생활에서 국어 규범을 적용하여 국어를 바르게 사용할 수 있도록 교육 내용이 제시되어야 할 것이다. Examining Korean use aspects of current Korean native speakers, it is not hard to be surprised. Destroying situation of Standard Korean is getting serious every day and because of lacking interest in Standard Korean. This paper tries to question about the responsibility in the Standard Korean education from the school education. First, in order to examine the current situations of Standard Korean education, the status and contents of native Standard Korean education were examined. Current Standard Korean education is being conducted only for Grammar education. Additionally, a limit could be identified that the contents are insufficient in the composition and contents description which help the learners understand Standard Korean. Therefore, the status of Standard Korean education should be treated across the entire area which is not in charge by a single area of the Korean language course and the education contents should be proposed in order that the Standard Korean education contents could stimulate the intellectual curiosity of Standard Korean and could make the understanding about native language norm much easier and also that the learners could use Standard Korean correctly by internalizing Standard Korean and by applying Standard Korean in actual language.

도로분야 하위기술기준의 건설기준 기술지침 활용방안에 대한 연구

김재훈,주영경,허원호,김기현 한국도로학회 2024 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.26 No.4

PURPOSES : Construction standards have resolved overlaps and conflicts between different standards and fields through the introduction of a code system. However, the sub-technical standards were established based on the construction standards at the time of their creation and have not been revised. This has resulted in poor integration and conflicts with revised construction standards, reducing their practical applicability in the construction field. Consequently, to enhance the practical applicability of sub-technical standards and ensure their integration with construction standards, this study aimed to devise technical guidelines for sub-technical standards. METHODS : A brainstorming session was conducted with field experts to evaluate the applicability and necessity of the currently distributed sub-technical standards in the field. Each sub-technical standard was reviewed to determine whether it should be retained or abolished. On the basis of the review results, this study developed a set of draft technical guidelines (Korean Design Standard Guideline (KDSG)/Korean Construction Specification Guideline (KCSG)) for the sub-technical standards that required retention. RESULTS : A comprehensive survey of sub-technical standards identified a total of 154 standards. Of these, 109 were deemed necessary to retain, whereas 45 were considered unnecessary to retain. Among the sub-technical standards requiring retention, 20 were selected for the development of technical guidelines based on their relevance and applicability to the construction standards. A draft of these technical guidelines was subsequently prepared. CONCLUSIONS : A plan was devised to assign technical guideline codes to 20 subordinate technical standards that were deemed consistent with the road construction standards (KDS/KCS 44 00 00). This approach can provide a foundation for reorganizing the system of road construction standards and subordinate technical standards, thereby enhancing their practical usability in the construction field.

식민지하 조선에서의 언어지배 -조선어 규범화 문제를 중심으로-

미쓰이다카시 ( Mitsui Takashi ) 한일민족문제학회 2003 한일민족문제연구 Vol.4 No.-

한국어 표준어에 대한 재고

장린,이강혁 중한연구학회 2024 중한연구학간 Vol.0 No.33

본 연구는 ‘표준어 정책’ 폐지론을 비판적으로 분석하고, ‘표준어 정책’의 필요성을다시금 검토하면서 현대에 적합한 표준어 개선 방향을 제안하였다. 2장에서는 ‘규범 표준어’와 ‘표준 어휘’의 정체성 및 발전사 등을 살펴보면서 그동안 기존 연구에서 제기된표준어의 무용론 근거들을 분석하고 문제점을 검토하였다. 3장에서는 ‘표준어 정책’의중요성과 필요성에 대해 논의하였다. ‘표준어 정책’은 효율적인 의사소통을 가능케 하고, 한글의 특수성으로 인한 표기상의 혼란을 피하기 위해 필요하며, ‘표준어 정책’이 표준어휘를 사정할 때의 원칙이 된다는 점을 강조하였다. 4장에서는 현대에 맞는 ‘표준어’의개선 방향을 <한국어 어문 규범>과 ‘규범 사전’의 관점에서 제안하였다. 우선 언어와 사회적 변화를 더 적절히 반영하여 일부 규정을 수정하고, <표준 발음법>에 억양에 대한규정을 추가할 필요성을 제시하였다. 또한 표준어와 현실어의 불일치 문제에 대해서는해당 단어의 표준 발음을 표준국어대사전에서 제시하고, 현실발음을 우리말샘에서제시하는 방안을 제안하였다. This study critically analyzed the arguments for abolishing the ‘Korean language norms’, reconsidered the necessity of the ‘Korean language norms’, and proposed directions for improving the Standard Korean suitable for modern times. In Chapter 2, the identities and development history of ‘Korean language norms’ and ‘standard vocabulary’ were examined, along with the analysis of the arguments for the abolition of ‘Korean language norms’ proposed in previous research and their shortcomings. Chapter 3 discussed the importance and necessity of the ‘Korean language norms’. It emphasized that the ‘Korean language norms’ enabled efficient communication and were necessary to avoid confusion in spelling due to the uniqueness of Hangul, and served as a principle when determining standard vocabulary. In Chapter 4, directions for improving a modern ‘Standard Korean’ were proposed from the perspectives of the ‘Korean Language Norms’ and ‘normative dictionary’. Firstly, we suggested modifying some regulations to better reflect linguistic and societal changes and proposed the need to add regulations regarding intonation to the ‘Standard Pronunciation Rules’. Additionally, for the issue of discrepancies between standard language and realistic language, we proposed providing the standard pronunciation of words in the Standard Korean Language Dictionary and the realistic pronunciation in Urimalsaem as a solution.

植民地下 朝鮮에서의 言語支配

미쓰이 다카시(Mitsui Takashi) 한일민족문제학회 2003 한일민족문제연구 Vol.4 No.-

This paper intends to examine the procedure of the standardization of Korean under Japanese colonialism. Although many historians have considered the language policy in colonial Korea as the abolishment of the Korean language, the reality of the policy has not been explored. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the language policy conducted by the Government-General of Korea through the standardization of Korean, especially the Korean spelling system. The Department of Education in the Government-General of Korea enacted 'the Korean Spelling' as standard of textbooks in 1912 and revised it twice: in 1921 and in 1930. The Department of Education published the Korean textbooks according to the Korean Spelling, which was part of the education policies. However, after the March First independent movement, the educators as well as the public had growing interest in 'the Korean Spelling', with which they generally did not agree. As the number of Korean newspapers and magazines increased in the 1920s and the Japanese authorities encouraged Japanese individuals in Korea to speak Korean, the standardization of Korean was urgent. In order to standardize Korean and revise the spelling system, the Department of Education consulted with the Society of Korean Language Study. which was influential in the academic community. The result was 'Korean Spelling Rules' announced in 1930. But, throughout the 1930s, 'Korean Spelling Rules' produced a lot of controversies between the Society of Korean Language Study and the Society of Korean Linguistics, represented by Park Seung'bin. The language policy of colonial government was influenced by the Korean standardization movement based on Korean language nationalism while, on the other hand, the language policy of the colonial government was as important factor of Koreans' movement. Education of the Korean language. of course, greatly reduced since the late 1930s and the Korean press was prohibited in the 1940s by the Japanese authorities. That means the Japanese did not need to standardize the Korean language any more. Korean standardization movement has been thought as resistance against the Japanese rule. However, during the movement, Koreans responded with complicated, different opinions to the Japanese language policy. The Japanese language policy makers tried not only to standardize Korean, but also to force Koreans into using Japanese. I want to investigate the problem in another paper.

광고를 활용한 『표준 한국어』의 문화 교육 방안

최현실 ( Choi Hyunsil ) 숙명여자대학교 한국어문화연구소 2018 한국어와 문화 Vol.23 No.-

본 연구는 다문화 배경 학생을 위한 교재 『표준 한국어』의 주제를 분석하고 표준한국어와 연계하여 광고를 활용한 문화 교육 방안을 제시하고자 한 것이다. 먼저 『표준 한국어』교재 총 6권의 주제 목록을 분류하고 그에 맞는 광고 선정 기준을 제시한다. 선정 기준에 따라 선정된 광고 목록을 제안하도록 할 것이다. 그리고 『표준 한국어』에 광고를 접목해 문화 교육을 해야 할 필요성에 대하여 검토한다. 다음으로 『표준 한국어』가 실제 수업에서 어떻게 교육되고 있는지 알아 볼 것이다. 앞서, 선정된 광고 목록에서 『표준 한국어』교재와 연계할 수 있는 광고를 예로 들어 교육 방안을 모색하고 실제 수업을 통해 광고를 활용한 문화 교육의 효과를 드러내도록 할 것이다. This study that analyzed 『Standard Korean』Textbook for Elemen tary·Secondary Student with Multi-cultural Background and suggests some study plans for Korean cultural education. Now a days, Students with Multi-cultural Background increase so sharply in Korea. So, 『Standard Korean』Textbook was issued by National Institute of Korean Language in 2012. First, 『Standard Korean』Textbook(6 volumes) classified[categorized] the books by topics and suggested the selection of well-suited ad for 『Standard Korean』Textbook. And then, There is a demonstrable need of Korean cultural education with 『Standard Korean』Textbook based on Advertisements. Next, This study investigated that 『Standard Korean』Textbook is used in the actual education. This study suggests criteria of selecting ad for Elementary·Secondary Student with Multi-cultural Background and Korean cultural education plans with 『Standard Korean』 by using ad. Furthermore, This study has a class on the basis of Korean cultural education plans. And then, This study looks into teacher and students’ class satisfaction and conduct their interview. As a result, they are all satisfied with this class. To conclude, This study suggested Korean cultural education plans with 『Standard Korean』 by using ad.

"표준 국어 문법" 용어의 현황과 문제점

한재영 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2018 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.33 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to report the outcomes of grammar terminology standardization, which has been conducted as a part of ‘The Development of Standard Korean Language Grammar’ project. Focusing on the grammatical terms of <Standard Korean Language Grammar>, one of the projects conducted by the National Institution of Korean Language, we have thoroughly examined the whole procedures and selection criteria of terminology standardization. This paper suggests the detailed list of obtained grammatical terms in <Appendix: the list of modified terminologies>. Building on this list, we examine the differences of grammatical terms between existing grammar books, textbooks, Linguistic Norms, and Standard Korean Language Dictionary. Through the above-mentioned process, we analyze terminologies based on the aspects of phonology, morphology, and syntax. We emphasize that clarifying the concept of each term to fill the gap between <Standard Korean Language Grammar> and existing publications, including grammar books and textbooks. This paper explains why <Standard Korean Language Grammar> describes some terms inevitably in a different way from how existing Linguistic Norms explain them. Since this project relied on Standard Korean Language Dictionary at the initial stage of selecting terminologies, the differences of terms between <Standard Korean Language Grammar> and Standard Korean Language Dictionary are investigated in depth. We thus recognize the fundamental limits of Standard Korean Language Dictionary.

시장구조가 산업표준화 활동에 미치는 영향 : 한국산업규격(KS)을 중심으로

성태경(Tae-Kyung Sung) 한국산업경제학회 2014 산업경제연구 Vol.27 No.5

본 연구는 산업차원에서 시장구조가 산업표준화 활동에 미치는 영향을 계량적으로 검증한다. 우리나라 한국산업규격(Korean Industrial Standards: KS) 제정건수를 표준화 활동의 대리변수로 삼았고, 그 결정요인으로 시장집중도 이외에도 기술적 기회, 자본집약도, 수출비율, 산업특성(네트워크산업 여부) 등을 고려하였다. 분석대상은 식료, 섬유, 화학, 비금속광물, 금속, 전기전자, 기계, 자동차, 조선 등 9개 업종이며, 2006-2009년 기간 동안 혼용자료(pooling data)를 사용하였다. 추정방법으로는 통상최소자승법(OLS)을 활용하였다. 본 연구의 결과 및 정책적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 연구결과, 시장집중도가 높은 산업일수록 KS제정활동은 활발하지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 다시 말해서 시장집중도가 작은 산업, 즉 많은 소규모기업들로 구성된 경쟁적 산업에서 KS제정활동이 활발한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 몇 개의 기업들로 구성된 독과점적 산업에서는 KS라는 공적 표준(de jure standards)보다는 시장에서 경쟁을 통해 결정되는 ‘사실상의 표준(de facto standards)’에 전념한다는 해석도 가능하게 한다. 정책적 측면에서는 정부가 중소기업의 표준화 활동에 대한 관심을 가져야 함을 말해준다. 이는 표준화 과정에서 규모의 경제가 크게 작용하며, 중소기업들은 전략적인 자원을 충분히 가지지 못하므로 소극적 혹은 추종자적인 입장을 견지할 가능성이 크기 때문이다. The paper investigates empirically the effects of market structure on standardization activity at the industry level. The number of the Korean Industrial Standards(KS) is used as the proxy variable for standardization activity. The independent variables, in addition to market structure, are technological opportunity, factor intensity, export ratio, and networks. We estimated the OLS (Ordinary Least Square) regression model, using the pooling data for 9 Korean industries, including foods, textiles, chemicals, nonmetallic minerals, metals, electronics and electrics, machinery, automobiles, and shipbuilding, over 2006-2009. The empirical finding shows that market structure is related negatively with the enacting number of the Korean Industrial Standards(KS). In other words, the industries with less market concentration ratio are more active than oligopolistic industries in enacting the Korean Industrial Standards. This might also infer that oligopolistic firms devote themselves to de facto standards determined by market rather than de jure standards such as the Korean Industrial Standards. In terms of the government policy, since economies of scale do work in standardization process and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) do not have strategic resources, policy makers should support the standardization activity of SMEs.

원리 중심의 국어 규범 교육 방안 모색

양세희 ( Yang Se-hui ) 한말연구학회 2017 한말연구 Vol.- No.45

The purpose of this study is to search for principle-based Korean language standard by extending recognitions on the standard and thus reorganizing contents system in grammar education. The status of Korean language standard has been gradually increased. However, the results of questionnaire survey show that the Korean language standard knowledge is recognized by learners as the knowledge that is disconnected with reality and other grammar knowledge and also has no hierarchy. Such problems can be solved through systematic modifications of Korean language standard education, ahead of changes in instruction-learning of it. Therefore, principle-based Korean language standard education was considered. Sum of provisions of language regulation does not correspond to the principle of Korean language standard knowledge. The principle of Korean language standard knowledge is derived from the fusion with other grammar educational contents. Hence, re-conceptionalization was realized by extending the recognition on `Korean language standard`. If the scope of Korean language standard knowledge is extended, then its parallel connection with knowledge of Korean language structure is not established, but the relation in which the knowledge of it is transformed into Korean language standard knowledge, so that it can be used in real language life, would be formed. Thus, Korean language standard education may achieve the purpose of better communication.