Testing the Representativeness of a Multimode Survey in South Korea: Results from KAMOS

Cho, Sung Kyum,LoCascio, Sarah Prusoff,Lee, Kay-O,Jang, Deok-Hyun,Lee, Jong Min Center for Asian Public Opinion ResearchCollaborat 2017 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.4 No.2

The Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS) is a national survey first conducted in 2016. Stratified cluster random sampling was used in an initial face-to-face survey during which panel members were recruited. The second survey allowed invited panel members to answer online or by phone. KAMOS includes both longitudinal items and omnibus items, i.e., researchers can propose questions to include on KAMOS. This paper seeks to establish that KAMOS is representative of the South Korean adult population. The demographic variables from the first survey were comparable to demographic variables from two well-respected surveys in South Korea: the KOSTAT Social Survey and the Gallup Korea Omnibus Survey. To ensure that there was no substantial difference between those who answered the first survey and those who answered the second survey, we compared the results of 22 items from the first survey. The 2,000 panel members who were invited to participate in the second survey had similar responses to the 1,008 of those who responded to the second survey. Based on our findings, KAMOS can be considered a representative sample.

Testing the Representativeness of a Multimode Survey in South Korea: Results from KAMOS

조성겸,Sarah Prusoff LoCascio,이계오,장덕현,이종민 충남대학교 아시아여론연구소 2017 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.4 No.2

The Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS) is a national survey first conducted in 2016. Stratified cluster random sampling was used in an initial face-to-face survey during which panel members were recruited. The second survey allowed invitedpanel members to answer online or by phone. KAMOS includes both longitudinal items and omnibus items, i.e., researchers can propose questions to include on KAMOS. This paper seeks to establish that KAMOS is representative of the South Korean adult population. The demographic variables from the first survey were comparable to demographic variables from two well-respected surveys in South Korea: the KOSTAT Social Survey and the Gallup Korea Omnibus Survey. To ensure that there was no substantial difference between those who answered the first survey and those who answered the second survey, we compared the results of 22 items from the first survey. The 2,000 panel members who were invited to participate in the second survey had similar responses to the 1,008 of those who responded to the second survey. Based on our findings, KAMOS can be considered a representative sample.

Social Expectations, Personal Values, and Women's Role in South Korea

Cho, Sung Kyum,LoCascio, Sarah Prusoff Center for Asian Public Opinion ResearchCollaborat 2018 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.5 No.3

This exploratory study considers the difference between personal and perceived societal values related to South Korean women's role in the home, workplace, and society using eight items asked on the Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS), May-July 2017. Factor analysis showed that these eight items could be grouped into two categories: women's role in her family and women's in the outside world. Of the 2,000 respondents, 54.1% personally agreed that "Both the husband and wife should contribute to their family income." People in their 30s felt the largest gap between their personal and societal values; women also felt a larger gap than men. Those who watched television more were generally more conservative than those who used the Internet more. People who felt a smaller gap between societal and personal values were more likely to feel proud to be a Korean citizen. People who believe that it is better not to marry felt a bigger gap between some societal and personal values on items relating to whether a wife should work, whether a woman's housework or paid job is more valuable, and whether women's job performance is equal to men's. People who believe that divorce is sometimes acceptable were also more likely to feel a bigger difference in two items: the item about job performance and an item about whether a married woman's social status is dependent on her husband's.

Social Expectations, Personal Values, and Women’s Role in South Korea

조성겸,Sarah Prusoff LoCascio 충남대학교 아시아여론연구소 2018 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.5 No.3

This exploratory study considers the difference between personal and perceived societal values related to South Korean women’s role in the home, workplace, and society using eight items asked on the Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS), May-July 2017. Factor analysis showed that these eight items could be grouped into two categories: women’s role in her family and women’s in the outside world. Of the 2,000 respondents, 54.1% personally agreed that “Both the husband and wife should contribute to their family income.” People in their 30s felt the largest gap between their personal and societal values; women also felt a larger gap than men. Those who watched television more were generally more conservative than those who used the Internet more. People who felt a smaller gap between societal and personal values were more likely to feel proud to be a Korean citizen. People who believe that it is better not to marry felt a bigger gap between some societal and personal values on items relating to whether a wife should work, whether a woman’s housework or paid job is more valuable, and whether women’s job performance is equal to men’s. People who believe that divorce is sometimes acceptable were also more likely to feel a bigger difference in two items: the item about job performance and an item about whether a married woman’s social status is dependent on her husband’s.

The Effect of Attitudes Toward Breastfeeding in Public on Breastfeeding Rates and Duration: Results from South Korea

LoCASCIO, Sarah Prusoff,Cho, Hee Won Center for Asian Public Opinion ResearchCollaborat 2017 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.4 No.4

Background: Attitudes toward breastfeeding in public are one potential barrier to optimal breastfeeding rates and durations. Method: Questions about breastfeeding experience and attitudes toward breastfeeding in public were asked in face-to-face interviews as part of the Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS), May-July, 2017. The response rate was 65.8% (2000 respondents nationwide). Results: A majority of Koreans disagreed (1 or 2 on a 4-point scale) with the statement "Women should not breastfeed their child in open, public places" (53.9%) and agreed (3 or 4 on the 4-part Likert scale) with the statements "I do not feel uncomfortable seeing women breastfeed their child in open, public places" (64.0%) and "Breastfeeding a baby, instead of letting the baby cry, in public places is better for other people" (71.8%). However, despite these generally positive attitudes, the majority also said that they would not breastfeed in public (57.4% of women) or, in the case of men, would not want a close female relative to do so (63.8% of men). Breastfeeding in public was positively correlated with the duration of breastfeeding. People were more positive about breastfeeding in public if they: were parents; did not use formula and breastfeeding a similar amount; had children who had been breastfed in public; were older; were Buddhists rather than Christians. An attempt was made to compare attitudes toward breastfeeding in public and breastfeeding durations internationally, but was inconclusive due to not perfectly comparable data. Conclusion: Our results may be useful in planning public health campaigns in South Korea or future attempts at international comparisons to better understand and address the effect of public opinion regarding breastfeeding in public on breastfeeding rates and durations.

The Effect of Attitudes Toward Breastfeeding in Public on Breastfeeding Rates and Duration: Results from South Korea

Sarah Prusoff LoCascio,조희원 충남대학교 아시아여론연구소 2017 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.4 No.4

Background: Attitudes toward breastfeeding in public are one potential barrier to optimal breastfeeding rates and durations. Method: Questions about breastfeeding experience and attitudes toward breastfeeding in public were asked in face-to-face interviews as part of the Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS), May-July, 2017. The response rate was 65.8% (2000 respondents nationwide). Results: A majority of Koreans disagreed (1 or 2 on a 4-point scale) with the statement ?쏻omen should not breastfeed their child in open, public places??(53.9%) and agreed (3 or 4 on the 4-part Likert scale) with the statements ?쏧 do not feel uncomfortable seeing women breastfeed their child in open, public places??(64.0%) and ?쏝reastfeeding a baby, instead of letting the baby cry, in public places is better for other people??(71.8%). However, despite these generally positive attitudes, the majority also said that they would not breastfeed in public (57.4% of women) or, in the case of men, would not want a close female relative to do so (63.8% of men). Breastfeeding in public was positively correlated with the duration of breastfeeding. People were more positive about breastfeeding in public if they: were parents; did not use formula and breastfeeding a similar amount; had children who had been breastfed in public; were older; were Buddhists rather than Christians. An attempt was made to compare attitudes toward breastfeeding in public and breastfeeding durations internationally, but was inconclusive due to not perfectly comparable data. Conclusion: Our results may be useful in planning public health campaigns in South Korea or future attempts at international comparisons to better understand and address the effect of public opinion regarding breastfeeding in public on breastfeeding rates and durations.

Public Perception of a Criminal DNA Database in Korea

이지현,조수희,김문영,Seung Hwan Lee,이환영,이숭덕,Sarah LoCascio,정규원 충남대학교 아시아여론연구소 2019 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.7 No.2

Background: Since 2010, Korea has maintained a DNA database of those convicted of or awaiting trial for certain crimes. There have been proposals to expand the list of crimes included in this database, or conversely, omit certain crimes if they are committed during protests. An understanding of the feelings of the public as we consider the ethical, legal, and social aspects of a DNA database and as revisions to laws are made is required. Methodology: Questions related to the DNA database were included in the nationally representative Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS) panel (June-August 2016). Results: Of 2,000 randomly selected panel members, 1,013 respondents participated in this survey, including 89.2% who supported the existence of a criminal DNA database. The current system of storing DNA profiles until a suspect’s acquittal or a convict’s death was supported by 79.5% of respondents. In addition, 70.8% of respondents agreed with the expansion of crime categories included in the criminal database. Many (93.4%) respondents favored genetic testing and data storage to determine the identity and cause of death for people who die of unnatural causes. Some differences in attitude related to social class were noted, with those who self-identified as members of the upper class more likely to support the database and its expansion to include additional crimes than those who self-identified as middle or lower class.

Public Perception of a Criminal DNA Database in Korea

Lee, Ji Hyun,Cho, Sohee,Kim, Moon Young,Lee, Seung Hwan,Lee, Hwan Young,Lee, Soong Deok,LoCascio, Sarah Prusoff,Jung, Kyu Won Center for Asian Public Opinion ResearchCollaborat 2019 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.7 No.2

Background: Since 2010, Korea has maintained a DNA database of those convicted of or awaiting trial for certain crimes. There have been proposals to expand the list of crimes included in this database, or conversely, omit certain crimes if they are committed during protests. An understanding of the feelings of the public as we consider the ethical, legal, and social aspects of a DNA database and as revisions to laws are made is required. Methodology: Questions related to the DNA database were included in the nationally representative Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS) panel (June-August 2016). Results: Of 2,000 randomly selected panel members, 1,013 respondents participated in this survey, including 89.2% who supported the existence of a criminal DNA database. The current system of storing DNA profiles until a suspect's acquittal or a convict's death was supported by 79.5% of respondents. In addition, 70.8% of respondents agreed with the expansion of crime categories included in the criminal database. Many (93.4%) respondents favored genetic testing and data storage to determine the identity and cause of death for people who die of unnatural causes. Some differences in attitude related to social class were noted, with those who self-identified as members of the upper class more likely to support the database and its expansion to include additional crimes than those who self-identified as middle or lower class. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Koreans generally support the criminal DNA database.

경제적 불평등 인식에 대한 경험적 연구: 한국 사례와 함의

황선재,계봉오 한국인구학회 2018 한국인구학 Vol.41 No.4

Along with the substantial increase in inequality of Korea since the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, the perception of inequality in Korean society has also changed. In particular, as economic inequality in income and wealth has been accumulated and structured over time, the objective dimension of inequality is gradually translating into the subjective inequality. Problematizing this movement, this study empirically investigates both the level and factors of the perception of economic inequality in Korea, using the Korea Academic Multimode Open Survey for Social Sciences data. According to the results, the level of economic inequality in income and wealth is perceived relatively high in Korea, and the perception is affected by both individual and societal characteristics as well as universal and Korean-society-specific factors. Notably, when the dependent variable is a ‘perception’ variable as in this study, ‘perception’ independent variables show more explanatory power than the variables of objective conditions (e.g., subjective social class), and if the target of the perception is society as in this case, perception variables of the society better explain the dependent variable than the perception variables of individuals (e.g., social trust and evaluation of national economy vs. intragenerational social mobility). Since the perception of inequality contains individual’s complex and multi-dimensional evaluation of the unequal reality, more attention needs to be paid to the subjective perception of inequality as well as to the objective indicators in order to better understand the inequality of Korean society. 1997년 외환위기 이후 한국사회의 불평등이 급증하면서, 불평등 수준에 대한 인식 역시 함께변하고 있다. 특히 소득이나 재산과 같은 경제적 영역에서의 불평등이 점차 누적되고 구조화되면서, 객관적인 차원에서의 불평등 변동이 주관적인 불평등 인식의 변화로 이어지고 있다. 이러한 문제의식아래 본 연구는 한국사회의 경제적 불평등 수준에 대한 인식과 그 원인을 한국사회과학조사(KAMOS) 자료를 활용하여 경험적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 한국 사회는 소득 및 재산과 같은 경제적인 불평등에 대한 인식이 다소 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 인식수준에는 개인적 특성과 사회적 특성, 보편적인 요인과 한국사회의 특수성이 반영된 요인이 복합적으로 작용하는 것으로 드러났다. 특히 불평등 인식과 같은 ‘인식’이 종속변수일 경우 객관적인 조건을 나타내는 변수보다 또 다른 ‘인식’ 변수(예: 주관적 계층의식)가 높은 설명력을 보였으며, 그 인식의 대상이 본 연구에서와 같이 사회일 경우, 개인상황에 대한 인식보다 사회전반에 대한 인식 변수가 보다 더 주요한 설명 요인으로 나타났다(예: 사회적 신뢰 수준 및 국가경제 상황에 대한 평가 vs. 세대내 사회이동 가능성). 불평등에 대한 인식은 불평등한 현실에 대한 개인의 복합적이고 다차원적인 평가가 녹아들어 있다는 점에서, 향후 한국사회의 불평등을보다 정확히 이해하기 위해서는 객관적인 지표 뿐 아니라 주관적인 인식에도 더 많은 관심을기울일 필요가 있다.

The Role of Media Use and Emotions in Risk Perception and Preventive Behaviors Related to COVID-19 in South Korea

김성중,조성겸,Sarah Prusoff LoCascio 충남대학교 아시아여론연구소 2020 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.8 No.3

The relationship between compliance with behaviors recommended to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and media exposure, negative emotions, and risk perception was examined using regression analyses of data from KAMOS, a nationally representative survey of South Korean adults. The strongest predictor of preventive behaviors in general was negative emotions, which had the largest βh (.22) among the independent variables considered. The eight negative emotions, identified using factor analysis of a series of 11 emotions, were anger, annoyance, fear, sadness, anxiety, insomnia, helplessness, and stress. Negative emotions themselves were influenced most strongly by the respondent’s anxiety over social safety (βf=.286), followed by prediction of COVID-19 spread (β=.121, p<.001) and perceived risk of COVID-19 infection (β=.70, p=.023). Females (β=-.134) and those who felt less healthy (βo=-.097) experienced more negative emotions. Media exposure and increased media exposure both have significant relationships with negative emotions and both a direct and indirect impact on the adoption of preventive measures. Women, older people, and healthier people perceived greater risks and engaged in more preventive behaviors than their counterparts.