F-76 선박용 디젤유 및 JP-8 항공유 입자상물질의 광학 및 물리적 특성에 대한 실험적 연구

최재혁,최석천,김대용,이주희,박설현,Choi, Jae-Hyuk,Choi, Seuk-Cheun,Kim, Dae-Yong,Lee, Joo-Hee,Park, Seul-Hyun 해양환경안전학회 2014 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.20 No.6

F-76 선박용 디젤유와 JP-8 항공유의 연소과정에서 발생되는 입자상물질(PM)의 무차원 광소멸계수를 Transmission Cell를 이용하여 측정하였다. 무차원 광소멸계수의 측정방식은 각각 광원의 파장길이가 633 nm와 853 nm인 대역에서 중력식 필터법에 의해 채집된 PM의 농도와 광학적 방법에 의해 측정된 PM의 농도를 비교하는 방법을 통해 이루어졌다. 광원의 파장길이, 633 nm 대역에서 측정된 무차원 광소멸계수는 F-76의 연료에서 발생된 PM의 경우 8.8인 반면 JP-8 연로부터 생성된 PM의 경우 9.8이였다. 한편 광원 파장길이가 853 nm로 증가함에 따라 두 연료 모두에서 발생된 PM의 무차원 광소멸계수는 각각 8.2 (F-76)와 8.8 (JP-8)로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. The dimensionless extinction constants of particulate matter for F-76 diesel and JP-8 aviation fuels were measured at both 633 nm and 853 nm in the transmission cell where the simultaneous gravimetric measurement of PM concentration is compared to the light extinction measurement. For the F-76 diesel PM, the average value of the dimensionless extinction constants at 633 nm was 8.8 whereas that of the dimensionless extinction constants for JP-8 was 9.8 at the same wavelength. As the wavelength is increased to 853 nm, the average value for the F-76 diesel was reduced to 8.2 whereas that for JP-8 was decreased to 8.9.

대형 디젤 엔진에서 JP-8 과 디젤 적용 시의 배기 배출물 특성에 대한 이해

이진우(Jinwoo Lee),배충식(Choongsik Bae) 대한기계학회 2011 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.35 No.12

커먼레일 분사 시스템이 장착된 대형 단기통 가시화 엔진에서 디젤과 JP-8 의 연소 및 배기 특성을 분석하였다. 두 연료 적용 시, 배기 배출 경향을 분석하기 위해 직접 화염가시화와 이색법을 적용하였다. 연소과정은 직접 화염 가시화로부터 화염 강도 분석을 통해 이루어 졌다. 이색법 결과는 화염 온도 및 KL 값을 도출하여 분석을 하였다. 직접 화염 가시화 결과, JP-8 연소 시, 점화 지연 기간이 길며, 디젤 연소에 비해 화염이 빠르게 소멸되는 것을 확인하였다. 화염 강도 분석을 통해 디젤 연소의 경우, 연소 전 기간에 걸쳐 높은 화염 강도 수준을 유지하며 화염 지속 기간이 긴 것을 알 수 있었다. 이색법 결과를 통해, JP-8 연소의 경우, 국부적으로 고온의 화염 면이 더 많이 분포하는 것을 확인하였으며, 이는 NOx 가 더 많이 배출된 경향을 설명해준다. 또한 KL 치 분석 결과, JP-8 연소 시 낮은 수준의 KL 값이 더 고르게 분포하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이는 JP-8 연소 시 스모크 가 덜 배출된 결과를 뒷받침 해준다. Combustion processes in an optically-accessible single-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with a highpressure common-rail injection system were investigated for JP-8 and diesel. Direct imaging and two-color thermometry were employed to verify the emission trend for both fuels. The combustion process was characterized by image analysis with focus on luminosity. The results of two-color thermometry were analyzed on the basis of the flame temperature and KL factor distribution. Analysis of the combustion process by direct imaging showed that the ignition delay was longer for JP-8 than for diesel, while the flame was extinguished rapidly. Analysis of the flame luminosity showed that the combustion intensity was higher for diesel and that the flame lasted for a longer duration in this case. Two-color thermometry results showed that the high-temperature region extended over a large area during JP-8 combustion, implying the formation of a large amount of NOx. In addition, the KL factor showed low level over a large area and relatively homogeneous in the case of JP-8 combustion, which implied that less smoke was produced when using this fuel.

단기통 엔진을 이용한 예혼합 압축 착화 연소에서 항공유와 디젤 연료의 연비/배기 비교

박영수(Youngsoo Park),배충식(Choongsik Bae) 한국추진공학회 2014 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.12

본 연구에서는 단기통 디젤 엔진을 이용, 항공유인 jet propellant-8 (JP-8)를 prexmied charge ignition (PCI) 연소에 적용하고 연비/배기를 디젤 연료와 비교하였다. 엔진 실험 결과를 뒷받침하기 위해 정적 챔버를 이용한 분무 실험도 함께 수행하였다. JP-8의 경우 낮은 세탄가로 인해 디젤 연료 대비 더 긴 착화 지연 기간을 나타내었으며 디젤 연료와의 물성 차이로 인해 PCI 연소에서 우수한 성능 특성 및 배기 특성을 나타내었다. 또한 배기 가스 재순환을 적용하였을 경우에도 디젤 연료 대비 우수한 공기-연료 혼합 특성으로 인해 개선된 질소산화물/입자상 물질 간의 상반 관계를 나타내었다. An aviation fuel, jet propellant-8 (JP-8) has been used as the single fuel for military vehicles to simplify the logistic supply. In this study, JP-8 was applied to premixed charge ignition (PCI) combustion, which is known as low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions, in a single-cylinder diesel engine under two operating conditions. Spray tests were also performed to support the engine experiment results. Without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), it was found that the ignition delay with JP-8 was longer than that with diesel fuel due to its lower cetane number although JP-8 has a better evaporation characteristics. JP-8 showed higher power output and lower NOx/Smoke emissions compared with diesel fuel due to its fuel properties. With EGR, JP-8 also showed an improved trade-off relationship between NOx and Smoke emissions compared with diesel fuel.

커먼레일을 장착한 대형 디젤엔진에서 디젤과 JP-8의 분무 및 연소특성 평가

전진욱(Jin-woog Jeon),이진우(Jin-woo Lee),박정서(Jung-seo Park),배충식(Choong-sik Bae) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.11

An experimental study was performed to assess the effect of diesel and JP-8 aviation fuel on the spray characteristics, performance and emissions in a single cylinder optical diesel engine. Both fuels were injected via an 8-hole solenoid-driven injector in a common-rail injection system. For better understanding of spray development, the macroscopic images were captured with high speed camera, offered evidences for the results of performance and emissions. From macroscopic spray images, the spray tip penetration of JP-8 shorter than that of diesel while spray angle of JP-8 was wider than that of diesel. It indicates that the vaporization of JP-8 is superior to that of diesel. The lower cetane number of JP-8 resulted in increased portion of premixed combustion. The IMEP with JP-8 is lower than that of diesel-fueled engine. Especially, using JP-8 has a potential for reducing soot.

대형 디젤 엔진에서 연소 가시화를 통한 항공유와 디젤의 배기 특성 분석

이진우(Jinwoo Lee),배충식(Choongsik Bae) 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2010 No.11

Combustion process with JP-8 and diesel was analyzed in an optically-accessible single-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with a high pressure common-rail injection system. Direct imaging and two-color thermometry were applied to verify the emission trend for both fuels. The combustion process was characterized by means of image analysis focusing on the luminosity. The results from the two-color thermometry were analyzed by flame temperature and KL factor distribution. From the combustion process analysis of direct imaging, it was verified that JP-8 had a longer ignition delay compared to diesel, while flame was vanished more rapidly. Analysis of flame luminosity intensity showed that diesel combustion had higher intensity and lasted for longer duration. Two-color thermometry results showed that higher temperature region was distributed more with JP-8 combustion, which means that more NOx was formed with JP-8 combustion. Also, relatively homogeneous and low level of KL factor distribution was shown with JP-8 combustion, which implied that JP-8 combustion produced less smoke emission.

유류 오염 토양 중 산화방지제 정성 분석을 통한 항공유(JP-8) 유종 판별

김용훈,이군택,장한전,조윤주,김문건,최재호,강지영 한국지하수토양환경학회 2022 지하수토양환경 Vol.27 No.4

Accurate analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil is an important prerequisite for proper source tracking ofcontamination. Identification of petroleum compounds is commonly carried out by peak pattern matching in gaschromatography. However, this method has several technical limitations, especially when the soils underwent biological,physical and chemical transformation. For instance, it is very difficult to distinguish jet fuel (JP-8) from kerosene becauseJP-8 is derivatized from secondary reaction between chemical agents (e.g. anti-oxidants, antifreezer and so on) andkerosene. In this study, an alternative method to separately analyze JP-8 and kerosene in the petroleum hydrocarboncontaminated soil was proposed. Qualitative analyses were performed for representative phenolic antioxidants [2,6-di-tertbutylphenol (2,6-DTBP), 2,4-di-tert- butylphenol(2,4-DTBP), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol (2,6-DTBMP)] using atwo dimensional gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (2D GC×GC-TOF-MS). This qualitative analysis of antioxidantsin soil would be a useful complementary tool for the peak pattern matching method to identify JP-8 contamination in soil.

압축착화 엔진에서 JP-8의 연소 및 배기 특성에 관한 연구

이정연(Jungyeon Lee),이정우(Jeongwoo Lee),이승현(Seunghyun Lee),김동수(Dongsu Kim),이승하(Seungha Lee),이철환(Cheolhwan Lee),민경덕(Kyoungdoug Min),최회명(Hoimyung Choi) 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.12

In 1998, Single Fuel Concept was adopted by NATO nations for the purpose of using one fuel for the land based military aircrafts, vehicles and equipment. The reason behind such a decision was not because of management and logistic benefits. This decision was also for smooth engine operation in the battlefield. JP-8 which is kerosene type turbine fuel and containing several additives for the military purpose was selected as the single fuel. JP-8 is originally used in the combat aircrafts, but it can also be used in CI engines, as its basic characteristics are similar to that of a diesel fuel. Although there have been a lot of experiments and studies on the use of JP-8 on CI engines, more research on the JP-8 combustion on CI engine is required for a better understanding about of the combustion process and preventing air pollution. Thus, this present study attempts to find out the optimal operation conditions that have a similar or better engine performance and lower exhaust emissions compared to the conditions of diesel fuel combustion. This study evaluates the effects injection timing, injection pressure, boost pressure, EGR rates, and engine load on a four-cylinder CI engine containing JP-8 with displacement volume of 2.2L

승용디젤 엔진에서 JP-8 연료 적용 시 다단분사를 이용한 배기저감 방법 연구

이정우(Jeongwoo Lee),주상현(Sanghyun Chu),이정연(Jungyeon Lee),이승현(Seunghyun Lee),이윤우(Yoonwoo Lee),이성문(Sungmoon Lee),최회명(Hoimyung Choi),민경덕(Kyungdoug Min) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.5

As a statement of EURO-6 regulation, NOx emission should be reduced as a half of current standard from September, 2014. For the reduction of NOx emission, EGR is the most effective method due to thermal and diluted effects. However, since there is a trade-off relation between NOx and PM emissions, using heavy EGR rate stimulates the increment of PM emission. For this reason, many of Diesel engine have equipped DPF to eliminate PM emission, but it brings the deterioration of fuel consumption. JP-8 could be a good approach to reduce PM emission from Diesel engine. Since cetane number of JP-8 is lower than that of Diesel, ignition delay becomes prolonged. Also, premixed condition between air and fuels could be improved, because distillation temperature of JP-8 is lower than that of Diesel. These two characteristics effect on the reduction of PM emission. However, in previous researches, phenomenon of NOx increment was observed by JP-8 fueled combustion because of prolonged ignition delay. Thus, in this research, reduction of NOx and PM emissions simultaneously is studied by using multiple injection strategy constructing with pilot injections. The result shows low PM emission could be obtained while there is no penalties on NOx emission.

A study of Fine Adjustment Spill Control characteristics of JP-8 and conventional diesel fuel with a Common Rail Direct injection System

See-moon Yang,Hyunchul-Jung,Sang-jin Yoon,Chang-hee Lee 한국자동차공학회 2018 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.6

Diversification of energy sources, decreasing environmental emission and global emission gases are the one of the most important task. The fact that JP-8 is derived from natural gas, coal, biomass and ruined plastics is the bright prospect. JP-8 is called as multi source-multi-purpose, according to the diverse application such as generation, public use, vehicles, military use, and aviation use. In this injection characteristic, a preliminary injection characterization of injection rate and injection quantity behavior was investigated from a high-pressure common rail injection system used in heavy-duty engine. According to the spill injection and injection pressure, the trade-off trend for injection rate and injection quantity was observed. As expected, with pilot injection affects spray quantity and injection evolution of subsequent without pilot injection in JP-8 aviation fuel and diesel fuel. It was found that the total injection quantity was decreased by adding 20% pilot injection duration. Because pilot injection quantity causes solenoid response, loss and needle lift stroke friction loss.

승용디젤엔진에서 JP-8 연료를 이용한 부분 예혼합 연소 구현에 관한 실험적 연구

이정우(Jeongwoo Lee),주상현(Sanghyun Chu),이정연(Jungyeon Lee),차재혁(Jaehyuk Cha),민경덕(Kyoungdoug Min) 한국추진공학회 2014 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.12

본 연구에서는 예혼합률의 증대와 저온 연소 구현이 가능한 연소 방식인 부분 예혼합 연소 (PPCI)를 JP-8 연료로 구현하여 두 주요 배기의 동시 저감 가능성에 대해서 타진한다. 본 실험은 2.2 L 고속직분사식(HSDI) 승용디젤엔진을 이용하여, 배기 규제 운전 모드의 주요 영역인 1,500 rpm/BMEP(유효 제동 평균 압력) 4 bar 운전 조건에서 수행되었다. 본 실험의 결과에서 JP-8 연료 적용 시, 주분사 시기와 배기재순환율(EGR rate)의 조절을 통해 연소 시작 전 예혼합 기간을 확보하여 기존의 디젤 연소 시보다 NOx와 PM 배기를 동시에 저감할 수 있는 방안을 도출한다. In this research, PPCI combustion with a light-duty diesel engine fueled with JP-8 was systemically constructed. 2.2 L HSDI diesel engine was used and test condition was 1,500 rpm/BMEP 4 bar. The result emphasized that NOx and PM emissions could be reduced simultaneously by adjusting main injection timing and controlling EGR rate for prolonged ignition delay than injection duration.