철도차량 보조전원장치의 전압 제어 안정성 증대를 위한 Anti-windup 기법의 적용 및 비교 분석

최종용(Jong-Yong Choi),이수길(Su-Gil Lee),이준희(June-Hee Lee),이현재(Hyun-Jae Lee),손진근(Jin-Geun Shon) 대한전기학회 2021 전기학회논문지 P Vol.70 No.4

In this paper, Application and Comparative Analysis of Anti-windup Method for Improving the Stability of Voltage Control of Auxiliary Power Supplies in Railway System. Because it is easy to design, and the structure is simple, there is a problem in the widely used PI controller to occur. Various problems occur, such as response time delay and overshoot due to integrator windup caused by the accumulation of errors in the integral controller. To improve this, various anti-windup methods have been studied. Among the representative Anti-windup methods, it was checked whether various problems caused by integrator windup could be solved through the conditional integral Anti-windup method and the tracking Anti-windup method and the error control Anti-windup. After confirming through PSIM simulation before hardware experiment, DC power conversion system was designed and improvements were confirmed.

Anti-windup을 통한 유압유 온도 제어 시스템

이영균(Y. G. Lee),양동화(D. H. Yang),김성동(S. D. Kim) 유공압건설기계학회 2020 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.7

Two conventional ways are generally used to control the temperature of hydraulic oil: On-Off control and PID control. There is an critical disadvantage in PID control that an integral winding-up occurs when there is saturation limit in control action. Once the wind-up occurs, overshoot of an output comes to be very large. We have devised to combine On-Off control and PID control to solve the integrator wind-up in this study. Two methods are specifically considered in combining On-Off control and PID control. The first method is that the On-Off control works when error between output and target temperature is out of a PID zone, which is normally chosen to be small enough to avoid the integrator windup. The second anti-windup is a method in which On-Off control works initially when the target temperature is changed and the PID control and the oil cooler are activated for the first time when the error temperature comes crossover zero and becomes the same sign as the initial error sign. An experimental temperature control device was set up and a series of test were performed to verify the real performances of the suggested anti-windup controls. Test results showed that two suggested methods were found to be able to effectively solve the phenomenon of integral wind-up.

태양광 발전효율 증대를 위한 최대전력추종 시스템에서 Anti-windup 적용의 효과 분석

손진근,박시효,최종용 대한전기학회 2022 전기학회논문지 P Vol.71 No.3

In this paper, application and comparative analysis of anti-windup method for improving the response of voltage control of MPPT method in photovoltaic generation system is proposed. In the case of MPPT, PI control can be mainly used to control a target voltage from a reference voltage that continuously changes according to changes in the surrounding environment for optimal control of PV power production. However, its PI controller has accumulated saturation of errors in the process of integrating the errors, so it is necessary to consider the integrator windup. This problem could affect the power production efficiency when performing MPPT control, so this paper sought to verify its effect by applying the follow-up anti-windup technique to MPPT control to improve the integral windup phenomenon. It could be confirmed from the results of the presented simulation that the application of the proposed algorithm mixed is more effective to improve the control performance of the photovoltaic system.

다단제어용 안티 와인드업 기술 개발

배정은 ( Jeong Eun Bae ),김경훈 ( Kyeong Hoon Kim ),추승철 ( Syng Chul Chu ),허재필 ( Jaepil Heo ),임상훈 ( Sanghun Lim ),성수환 ( Su Whan Sung ) 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.58 No.3

In this research, the anti-windup techniques for the cascade control system are newly developed. Cascade control system has an additional internal feedback control loop to reject disturbances better than the conventional control system. Remarkable difference between the conventional single-loop control system and the cascade control system is the interaction that the controller output saturation of the secondary control loop strongly affects the integral action of the primary control loop. In industry, local back calculation anti-windup method has been mainly used for each controller without considering the interaction between the two controllers. But it cannot eliminate the integral-windup of the primary controller originated from the saturation of the secondary controller output. To solve the problem, the two anti-windup techniques of the cascade conditional integration and the cascade back calculation are proposed in this research by extending the local anti-windup techniques for the single-loop control system to the cascade control system. Simulation confirmed that the proposed methods can effectively remove the integral windup of the primary controller caused by the saturation of the secondary controller output and show good control performances for various types of processes and controllers. If the reliability of the proposed methods is proved through the applications to real processes in the future, they would highly contribute to improving the control performances of the cascade control system in industry.

Anti-windup Integral-Proportional Controller for Variable-Speed Motor Drives

Park, Jong-Gyu,Chung, Jae-ho,Shin, Hwi-Beom The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2002 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.2 No.2

The windup phenomenon appears and degrades control performance when a controller with integrating action is used and plant input is limited. An anti-windup integal-proportional(IP) controller is proposed for the variable-speed moter drives and it is experimentally applied to the speed control of a vector-controlled induction moter driven by a pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage source inverter (VSI). The consistency range of the IP controller is firstly derived and the intergal state is controlled to salisfy always the consistency range according to whether the the controller output is saturated or not. Although the operating condition like moter load or speed command is changed under the limited plant input, It is expermentally verified that the speed response has much improved performance, such as no overshoot and fast settling time, and the maximmum plant input is also effectively utilized.

A Robust Anti-Windup Control Design for Electrically Driven Robots - Theory and Experiment

Alireza Izadbakhsh,Ali Akbarzadeh Kalat,Mohammad Mehdi Fateh,Mohammad Reza Rafiei 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2011 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.9 No.5

A Robust Anti-Windup Control (RAWC) method is proposed for n-Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) electrically driven robots considering the actuator voltage saturation. The actuator’s saturation is fairly modeled by a smooth nonlinear function and the control design task is developed to avoid windup besides being robust against both model uncertainties and external disturbances. As a major point, the paper also takes into consideration the fact that windup phenomenon can be caused by some strong disturbances. As a result, being robust to external disturbances promises safer situation against windup. The proposed controller needs no saturation output feedback and torque’s measurement for control implementation. The analytical studies as well as the experimental results produced using MATLAB/SIMULINK External Mode Control on a 2-DOF robot manipulator driven by geared Per-manent magnet DC motors prove the superiority of the proposed approach.

Steady-State Integral Proportional Integral Controller for PI Motor Speed Controllers

Hoo, Choon Lih,Haris, Sallehuddin Mohamed,Chung, Edwin Chin Yau,Mohamed, Nik Abdullah Nik The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.1

The output of the controller is said to exceed the input limits of the plant being controlled when a control system operates in a non-linear region. This process is called the windup phenomenon. The windup phenomenon is not preferable in the control system because it leads to performance degradation, such as overshoot and system instability. Many anti-windup strategies involve switching, where the integral component differently operates between the linear and the non-linear states. The range of state for the non-overshoot performance is better illustrated by the boundary integral error plane than the proportional-integral (PI) plane in windup inspection. This study proposes a PI controller with a separate closed-loop integral controller and reference value set with respect to the input command and external torque. The PI controller is compared with existing conventional proportional integral, conditional integration, tracking back calculation, and integral state prediction schemes by using ScicosLab simulations. The controller is also experimentally verified on a direct current motor under no-load and loading conditions. The proposed controller shows a promising potential with its ability to eliminate overshoot with short settling time using the decoupling mode in both conditions.

Steady-State Integral Proportional Integral Controller for PI Motor Speed Controllers

Choon Lih Hoo,Sallehuddin Mohamed Haris,Edwin Chin Yau Chung,Nik Abdullah Nik Mohamed 전력전자학회 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.1

The output of the controller is said to exceed the input limits of the plant being controlled when a control system operates in a non-linear region. This process is called the windup phenomenon. The windup phenomenon is not preferable in the control system because it leads to performance degradation, such as overshoot and system instability. Many anti-windup strategies involve switching, where the integral component differently operates between the linear and the non-linear states. The range of state for the non-overshoot performance is better illustrated by the boundary integral error plane than the proportional?integral (PI) plane in windup inspection. This study proposes a PI controller with a separate closed-loop integral controller and reference value set with respect to the input command and external torque. The PI controller is compared with existing conventional proportional integral, conditional integration, tracking back calculation, and integral state prediction schemes by using ScicosLab simulations. The controller is also experimentally verified on a direct current motor under no-load and loading conditions. The proposed controller shows a promising potential with its ability to eliminate overshoot with short settling time using the decoupling mode in both conditions.

고성능 유도전동기 구동을 위한 자동 튜닝 Anti-windup 기법

석줄기,이동춘 전력전자학회 2005 전력전자학회 논문지 Vol.10 No.1

This paper presents a tuning-free conditional integration anti-windup strategy for induction machine with Proportional-Integral(PI) type speed controller. The on/off condition of integral action is determined by the frequency domain analysis of machine torque command without a prior knowledge of set-point changes. There are no tuning parameters to be selected by users for anti-windup scheme. In addition, the dynamic performance of the proposed scheme assures a desired tracking response curve with minimal oscillation and settling time even in the change of operating conditions. This algorithm is useful in many high performance induction machine applications not to allow the oscillation and overshoot of speed/torque responses. The main idea can be extended to general applications such as chemical processes and industrial robots. 본 논문에서는 PI형태의 속도제어기를 장착한 고성능 유도전동기의 조건부 적분형 자동 튜닝 anti-windup 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법에서는 전동기 운전 조건에 대한 사전 정보 없이도 전동기 토오크 지령의 주파수 해석에 의해서 적분기 온/오프 시점이 결정된다. 따라서, 사용자는 anti-windup 동작을 위한 별도의 제어 상수를 설정하지 않아도 된다. 또한, 동작 조건이 변동하여도 과도 상태의 속도는 항상 최소한의 오버슈우트와 점착시간을 가지도록 동작한다. 본 기법은 속도 및 토오크 응답의 오버슈우트를 허용하지 않는 유도전동기 고성능 응용 분야에 유용하게 적용 될 수 있으며, 기본 개념은 화학 공정이나 산업용 로봇과 같은 일반 산업 응용 분야에도 확대 적용 가능하다.

Comparison and Evaluation of Anti-Windup PI Controllers

Xin-lan Li,Jong-Gyu Park,Hwi-Beom Shin 전력전자학회 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.1

This paper proposes a method for comparing and evaluating anti-windup proportional-integral (PI) control strategies. The so-called PI plane is used and its coordinate is composed of the error and the integral state. In addition, an anti-windup PI controller with integral state prediction is proposed. The anti-windup scheme can be easily analyzed and evaluated on the PI plane in detail. Representative anti-windup methods are experimentally applied to the speed control of a vector-controlled induction motor driven by a pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage-source inverter (VSI). The experimental results compare the anti-windup PI controllers. It is empathized that the initial value of the integral state at the beginning of the linear range dominates the control performance in terms of overshoot and settling time.