Insect pest management in forests

Yeong-Jin Chung 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

Numerous insects live in forests as a component of forest ecosystem. Forest insect pests are defined certain insects when they adversely affect ecological, economic, and social values that we associate with forest. Kinds of forest insect pests are continually changed as a result of change of forest ecosystem and the introduction of foreign alien insect pests. Forest pest management is the maintenance of destructive insects at tolerable levels by the planned use of a variety of preventive, suppressive, or regulatory tactics and strategies that are ecologically and economically efficient and socially acceptable. However, the system of forest pest management is slighly different according to the nation and case of insect pests. Currently, the most important insect pests of Korea are Monochamus beetles and Platypus koroensis, which are insect vectors of pine wilt disease and oak wilt disease, respectively. Major forest insect pests are Thecodiplosis japonensis, a gall maker of pine needle and sapsucking insects such as black pine bast scale, Matsucoccus thunbergianae, Corythucha ciliata, Lycorma delicatula. Defoliating insects, such as Dendrolimus spectabilis, Hyphantria cunea, Agelastica coerulea, Acantholyda parki, and phloem boring insects, such as Tomicus piniperda and Ips bark beetles are also regarded as major forest insect pests. Management of forest insect pests are different from kinds of insect species. Control methods currently used are as follows; (a) Chemical control : ground and aerial spray of low-toxicity insecticide, trunk injection of systemic insecticide, fumigation, etc. (b) Biological control : release of parasitic wasps, use of Beauveria bassiana. etc. (c) Physical or mechamical control : burn, crush, etc. (d) Silvicultural practice : salvage cutting, clear cutting and reforestation, breeding of resistant trees, etc.

호남권 내 6개 지역에서의 도심 및 교외 수목 해충 발생 양상

임종옥,유하늘,원정운,강석무,신수연,박용환,정찬식 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.62 No.4

도심과 교외에 식재 또는 자생하고 있는 수목의 해충 발생 양상을 파악하기 위하여 2022년 5월부터 9월까지 전남 및 전북 내 총 6개소(전북 익산 2개소, 김제 1개소, 광주 3개소)에서 조사를 실시하였다. 조사지 6개소는 조사지역(공원)이 위치한 지역 특성에 따라 산림인접지역, 수변지역, 도심지역 세 개의 지역으로 구분하여 각 특성 지역에 따라 확인되는 해충의 다양성을 비교, 분석하였다. 조사 결과 6개소의 조사지역에서 총 5 목 27과 49속 51종의 해충 분류군이 총 13과 21종의 주요 가로수종으로부터 확인되었다. 해충 분류군 중에서 노린재목이 12과 20속 22종으로 가장 많은 종이 포함되어 있었으며, 가로수 수종에서는 왕벚나무가 25종의 가장 다양한 해충의 피해를 입는 것을 확인하였다. 조사지역 특성별 비교를 하였을 때, 수변지역 공원에 식재 또는 자생하는 수종은 상대적으로 적었지만 산림인접지역과 도심지역 공원에 비해서 가장 많은 해충 종 수를 확인하였다. 해충이 가해하는 부위로는 잎을 가해하는 해충이 총 22종으로 가장 많았다. 본 조사를 통해 확보한 각 가로수 수종에 발생하는 해충의 분류군 목록을 작성하였으며, 이 중에서 피해가 심한 6종을 선정하였다. 도심 뿐만 아니라 교외지역에서의 다양한 가로수 분포 범위가 확대 됨에 따라 발생할 수 있는 수목 해충이 증가될 수 있으므로 지속적인 해충 발생 양상 조사와 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단한다. We investigated the occurrence of insect pests on street trees that were planted or naturally grew in a total of six urban and suburban parks (two sites in Iksan, one site in Gimje and three sites in Gwangju) in Honam region, South Korea from May to September, 2022. The six survey sites are divided into three characters, two ‘nearby forest (NF)’, two ‘nearby river (NR)’ and two ‘nearby downtown (ND)’ according to the created location of sites and the results on fauna of insect pests compared with street tree species for each character of survey sites. As results, we could discover 51 species of 49 genera in 27 families belonging to five insect orders from a total of 21 tree species belonging to 13 families in six survey sites. Among the insect taxa, hemipteran pests are most diverse with 22 species of 20 genera in 12 families and it is confirmed that Prunus × yedoensis Matsum. (Rosaceae) is damaged by most diverse 25 insect pests. With regard to character of survey sites, trees in ‘nearby river’ were affected by most diverse 34 insect pests, even though tree species were few compare to sites of ‘nearby forest’ and ‘nearby downtown. Among the affected area of tree parts, leaf-feeding insect pests are most diverse with 22 species. From the present study, we provided a checklist of insect pests from the street trees and selected six most concerned species. Indeed, it is needed to conduct sustainable surveys and monitoring on occurrence of insect pests from street trees in urban and suburban parks because the species of planted street trees in parks can be extremely diverse with occurrence of unexpected insect pests.

Insect Pests of Rice in the Philippines--Problems and Management Strategies

Gertrudo S. Arida 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

The two major factors that are responsible for low yields are weather (floods, drought and typhoon) and pest epidemics. The tropical rice field of the Philippines is exposed to several organisms that are injurious to the rice plant. About 20 species of insects are considered important pests in the Philippines and at times contribute to low rice yield. These insect pests are divided into stem borers, sap feeders, defoliators, grain feeders and root feeders. Stem borers are chronic insect pests and always found in the field although outbreak proportions are seldom. There is no commercial variety released in the Philippines that is resistant to rice stem borer. The sap feeders are composed of several species of planthoppers, leafhoppers and a pentatomid bug. Most of the planthoppers and leafhoppers are vector of important diseases of rice like tungro, ragged stunt and grassy stunt. The grain feeders are composed of several species of Leptocorisa. A Lygaeid bug was recently reported as a new pest of rice grain in the field. The most common defoliators are leaffolders, whorl maggot and rice caseworm. Root feeders are seldom a problem in irrigated lowland rice in the Philippines. Management of rice insect pests is normally through integration of the different management strategies. These strategies include host plant resistance, biological control, cultural control and the use of insecticides as a last resort. Since a tropical rice ecosystem like the Philippine rice field is rich in communities of beneficial organisms, conservation of these naturally occurring biological control agents like predators and parasitoids is our primary control tactics against insect pests of rice. Maximizing the use of these beneficial organisms is a very important principle in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of rice insect pests.

Population density of Insect Pests and Natural enemies in the Rice Field

Geon-Hwi Lee,Chae-Hoon Paik,Tae-Hwan Noh,Hyeong-Kwon Shim 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

Biological control of rice insect pest is an important component of an IPM program. There are many species of natural enemies which contribute to the suppression of rice pest populations below economic injury levels. In order to use biological control more efficiently, it is a need to identify beneficial species and determine their roles in possible regulation of insect pests. There is a rich complex of biological control agents in rice and bund. This research was carried out to investigate the population density of insect pests and natural enemies in the rice field and bund. A total of 7 pest species and 15 natural enemy species were collected in the rice field. 10 pest species and 20 natural enemy species were collected in the bund, also. Changes in population density of insect pests and its prey were investigated in the rice field and bund. Population densities of insect pests were low at any time during the rice growth period in the field. This could be the high density of natural enemies. Bunds served as refuge for natural enemies when rice maturity. There are rich complex of biological control agents in rice field and bund. So, when we practice integrated pest management(IPM) of rice insect pests, we should use various natural enemies.

Study of Major Insect Pests on Rice and Corn in Four Provinces in Red River Delta of Vietnam During 2018- 2022

Thuy Linh Pham,권오석 국립생태원 2024 국립생태원회보(PNIE) Vol.5 No.1

Harmful pet insects, if not controlled, can negatively affect people, plants and their surrounding environment. In Vietnam, all crops are regularly impacted by pest insects. In serious cases, crops can be totally destroyed by insect pests. Harmful insects that damage crops often grow fast and increase rapidly. Therefore, research on insects is crucial for managing pests, protecting crops, and forecasting pest situation in the following years. This study aimed to collect data regarding changes of pests on rice and corn as two main crops in four provinces in Red River Delta of Vietnam, including Thai Binh, Nam Dinh, Ha Nam, and Hung Yen, from 2018 to 2022. Primary data were collected from reports of government agencies and official statistics. Based on these data, this study evaluated changes of pest insects in five years, discussed reasons for such changes and response methods, and forecasted pest’s behavior in the following years. Significant findings of this study include the fact that Vietnam has to face many difficulties to develop its agricultural sector. For insect management, an essential action is to do ground surveys to gather all related data including weather data, pesticide data, crop yield, and product quality. This information is meaningful for finding out causes of changes, understanding relationships between insects and surrounding factors, and predicting the situation in the following years.

DNA barcode library and its efficacy for identifying food‐associated insect pests in Korea

조서영,서경인,배연재 한국곤충학회 2013 Entomological Research Vol.43 No.5

Food‐associated insect pests are of great economic and hygienic importance. However, their identification requires expert knowledge and excessive time. Such pests are discovered in food as body parts or immature stages, which further complicates the identification process. In this study, we constructed a DNA barcode dataset of insect pests that can be detected in food. We also tested the efficacy of these DNA barcode sequences for identifying food‐associated insect pests. A 658 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was analyzed from 55 species of food‐associated insect pests in Korea. The results indicated that this portion of the COI gene effectively discriminated >90% of the food‐associated insect pests. Mean genetic divergences among individuals belonging to one species/between species belonging to one genus of the five orders, Blattaria, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera, were 0.59%/13.18%, 0.84%/20.10%, 0.02%/22.61%, 0.24%/3.48% and 0.17%/15.90%, respectively. In conclusion, we established the first DNA barcode dataset and confirmed its efficiency for identifying food‐associated insect pests in Korea.

골프장 조경수를 가해하는 해충 종류에 관한 연구

김종주,이동운,추호렬 한국잔디학회 2007 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.21 No.1

Survey was initiated on insect pest species damaging the landscaping trees in golf courses was conducted to get the basic information for the development of insect management program. The four country clubs were selected as survey sites; Tongdo Country Club and Youngwon Country Club in Gyeongnam, Daegu Country Club in Gyeongbuk, and Dongrae Benest Golf Club in Busan. We found that 60 species of 44 genera in 34 families of six orders from 88 species of 54 genera in 33 families of 22 orders surveyed. Most landscaping trees were damaged by less than two species of insect pests, but tree species such as Robinia pseudoacacia, Prunus leveilleana var. pendula, Castanea crenata, Quercus dentata, and Q. variabilis were damaged by more than five species of insects. Most insect species damaged below two tree species. However Adoretus tenuimaculatus(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) damaged 67 tree species of 41 genera. The Coleoptera and Homoptera species were 36.4% and 36.3% of the total insect species, respectively. The insect pest occurring in high frequency was 9% of total insect species, while infrequent one was 73%. The insect species with chewing and sucking mouth part types were 49% and 51%, respectively. 본 연구는 골프장의 조경수에 피해를 주는 해충의 종류와 피해를 조사하여 골프장 조경수 해충관리의 기초 자료를 제공하고자 경남 양산의 통도골프장과 진해의 용원골프장, 경북 경산의 대구골프장, 부산 금정의 동래베네스트골프장에서 수행하였다. 조사지 골프장의 22목 33과 54속 88종의 조경수에서 확인 된 해충은 6목 34과 44속 60종이었다. 대부분의 조경수에서는 2종 이하의 해충이 확인되었으나 아까시나무, 벚나무, 밤나무, 떡갈나무, 굴참나무에서는 5종 이상의 해충이 확인되었다. 대부분의 해충들은 2종 이하의 조경수를 가해하였으나 주둥무늬차색풍뎅이는 41속 67종의 조경수에서 피해가 확인되었다. 조사 골프장의 조경수에서는 딱정벌레목과 매미목 해충이 36.4%와 36.3%로 많이 발생하고 있었다. 발생 빈도가 높은 해충은 9%였고 매우 드물게 발생한 해충은 73%였다. 섭식형태별 해충의 비율은 저작형이 49%, 흡즙형 해충이 51%였다.

Insecticidal Activities of Various Vegetable Extracts against Five Agricultural Insect Pests and Four Stored-Product Insect Pests

Sang-Gil Lee(이상길),Ji-Doo Park(박지두),Cheol Song(송철),Kwang-Yun Cho(조광연),Sang-Guei Lee(이상계),Moo-Key Kim(김무기),Hoi-Seon Lee(이회선) 한국농약과학회 2001 농약과학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Ethanol extracts from 46 vegetables were tested their insecticidal activities toward five agricultural insect pests and four stored-product insect pests. The efficacy varied with both agricultural insects/stored-product insects and vegetable species used. Potent insecticidal activities, at the concentration of 5,000 ppm, were produced from extracts of Nelumbo nucifera and Ulva lactuca against Myzus persicae, Zea mays and Z. mays(leaf) against Niiaparoata lugens, Citrullus vulgaris(seed) and U. lactuca against Plutella xylostella, N. nucifera, Z. mays, and Z. mays(leaf) against Spodoptera litura, and C. vulgaris (seed), Daucus carota, Helianthus annuus (leaf), H. annuus (flower), Lactuca sativa, and Zingiber officinale against Tetranychus urticae. Potent insecticidal activities at the concentration of 2,500 ppm were exhibited from the extracts of N. nucifera and U. lactuca against M. persicae, Z. mays against N. lugens, C. vulgaris (seed) and U. lactuca against P. xylostella, N. nucifera and Z. mays against S. liiura, and C. vulgaris (seed), H. annuus (flower), and L. sativa against T. urticae. Against four stored-product insect pests at 50 ppm, extracts of C. vulgaris (seed) and Cucurbita moschata (seed) against Sitophilus oryzae and C. vulgaris (seed), H. annuus (seed), and Z. officinale against Plodia interpunctella revealed potent insecticidal activities over 80% mortality. In tests with Callosobruchus chinensis and Lasiodenna serricorne, extracts of all vegetables tested exhibited meager and no activity.

Effects of meteorological factors and global warming on rice insect pests in Korea

Yong-Su Kwon,정남일,배미정,Fengqing Li,전태수,박영석 한국응용곤충학회 2012 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.15 No.3

We examined the occurrence patterns of insect pests in paddy fields using a self-organizing map (SOM) and the influence of meteorological factors on these patterns. Data for nine insect pests and three meteorological factors were collected on the Korean nationwide scale from 1992 to 2008. The SOM analysis was based on annual mean densities of each pest species in eight regions. We classified the samples into five clusters (I–V)to display the spatial and temporal changes in the insect pests' occurrences. Clusters I and II included samples collected before 2000; clusters III and IV included samples collected after 2000. The density of Scotinophara lurida was in the lowest range in clusters I and II, and Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus exhibited higher densities in clusters III and IV. Seasonal temperature, humidity, and precipitationwere significantly different among clusters, indicating that these factors play a key role in population dynamics and the occurrence of insect pests. The occurrence area of the insect pests was expected to increase with elevated air temperature influenced by global warming based on the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) A1B scenario. This study suggests that gathering data on temporal and spatial variations in pest populations and changes in occurrence rate under the effects of global warming can provide insight into the factors governing the population-environment relationships, as well as the information needed for future pest management

Rice Insects : The Role of Host Plant Resistance in Integrated Management Systems

Heinrichs, E.A. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1992 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Insects are among the most important abiotic and biotic constraints to rice production. National rice research programs are in various stages in the development and implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) stratagies for rice insect control. Among the various control tactics, insect resistant cultivars are sought as the major tactic in rice IPM. Through the activities of interdisciplinary teams of scientists significant progress has been made in the development and release of insect resistant cultivars to farmers. Because of its compatibility with other control tactics insect resistance has proven to fit well into the IPM approach to rice insect control agents and minimize the need for insecticide applications. The development of biotypes which overcome the resistance in rice plants has been a significant constraint in the breeding of rice for resistance to insects. Most notable examples in Asia are the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens, brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lygens and the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae. The current breeding stratege is to develop rice cultivars with durable resistance on which virulent biotypes cannot adapt. In spite of the significant progress made in the breeding of insect resistant cultivars there are still numerous important rice insect species for which host plant resistance as a control tactic has not been fully utilized. Advances in biotechnology provide promise of solving some of the problems that have limited the use of host plant resistance as a major tactic in the integrated management of rice insect pests.