사무실 근로자들의 실내공기질 인식에 관한 기초 조사 (K대학교를 중심으로)

신은영,김광희 (사)한국교육녹색환경연구원 2017 교육·녹색환경연구 Vol.16 No.3

Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) affects physical and mental state of person who is residing indoor. Also, it manages daily life condition of Indoor Air in the building. According to the study, office workers spend 23 hours and 12 minutes, about 97% of his/her day indoor. Therefore, Indoor air quality affects not only the health of the person whose staying inside for a long hours but also the productivity and efficiency of work. This study conduct investigations on employees’ awareness of indoor air quality of office in university. By doing so, we are able to determine current situation and provide basic data of improvement for derived problems. As a result, most of the respondents were not satisfied with ventilation and moisture which are elements of Indoor Air Quality. These led people to struggle with symptoms of health. Therefore, to improve the indoor air quality of a university office, it is necessary to exchange the air six times an hour according to recommendation of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)in the United States. Also, plan for Ventilation system that consider temperature, humidity and air flow indoor shall be provided for high quality conformability. furthermore, It is necessary to consider the multilateral in factors of generation of revenue through health care savings of workers and improvement of productivity. 실내공기질(Indoor Air Quality, IAQ)은 실내에 상주하는 이용자의 심신에 영향을 주는 공기의 질이라고 정의할 수 있으며, 보통 일상생활을 영위하는 건물 내부의 공기상태이다. 과거에 비해 많은 사람들이 실내에서 거주하는 시간이 증가하였고, 생활수준이 높아짐에 따라 건강에 영향을 미치는 실내공기질에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 사무실 근로자의 경우, 하루의 약 97%인 23시간 12 분을 실내에서 보내는 것으로 조사되었는데, 오랜시간 거주하는 근로자의 특성상 실내공기질은 건강뿐 아니라 업무 생산성과 효율성에도 영향을 미치는것으로 발표되었다. 따라서 향후, 대학 사무공간의실내공기질의 개선을 위해서는 전 세계적으로 공인된 미국의 냉동공조학회(ASHRAE)의 권고 사항처럼 1시간에 6회 이상의 공기 교환이 이루어 져야 할것이며, 질 높은 쾌적함을 위해서 온습도 및 기류까지 고려한 환기시스템 계획이 세워져야 한다. 또 외기공기 유입을 막아 무조건적인 에너지 비용의 저감만을 강요할 것이 아니라, 적절한 환경 제공을 통해기대되는 근로자의 의료비 절약과 생산성 향상을 통한 수익 발생 등의 요인을 고려해야 할 것이다.

식물을 이용한 실내 공기질 개선용 Biofilter system 개발에 관한 연구 -기기작동에 따른 공기유동과 수분유지력을 중심으로-

이진희,조인숙 인간식물환경학회 2008 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.11 No.4

It is urgent for us to develop the biological indoor air-cleaning technology because biological treatment which is cheap for the expense of installation, maintenance, and operation, and relatively safe is more efficient rather than mechanical equipment focusing on high efficiency air-cleaning function to remove remaining pollution sources in low concentration after pre-treatment before moving in BAKE OUT in newly building an apartment house. The purpose of this study was to develop biofilter made by plant having the effect of naturally purifying indoor air, and an experiment for a air flow and the force of keeping in moisture according to the kind of soil was conducted to safely and continuously improve the function of biofilter hardware. The principle of biofilter by plant is that pollution sources are flowed in a filter with the air flow, then purified air is discharged owing to biological function of purifying pollution. However, biofilters by plant has lower force of keeping moisture as the air flow is higher, thus it is important to find the optimum condition for the air flow and keeping moisture. Also as a factor that has influence on the air flow and keeping moisture, the soil in biofilter can be regarded as the most important factor which decides the efficiency and stability of biofilter. As the result of this study, for the air flow in device, inflow and outflow of air were the most optimal in 3rd model, and for the composition of soil, the soil composed of vermiculite/ perlite/ peatmoss=v/v/v=0.25/0.25/0.50 was the most efficient. The point of time for re-irrigation was 24 hours in 4th model, 24 hours in 3rd-model, 18 hours in 2nd model, 18 hours in 1st-model, and 24 hours in control respectively when calculating at 60% of moisture in soil. Therefore it is considered that biofilter developed in this study can be an useful device that plant can purify indoor pollution sources with several natural filters in biofilter during the air flow because it can maintain the air flow and moisture for long time. It is urgent for us to develop the biological indoor air-cleaning technology because biological treatment which is cheap for the expense of installation, maintenance, and operation, and relatively safe is more efficient rather than mechanical equipment focusing on high efficiency air-cleaning function to remove remaining pollution sources in low concentration after pre-treatment before moving in BAKE OUT in newly building an apartment house. The purpose of this study was to develop biofilter made by plant having the effect of naturally purifying indoor air, and an experiment for a air flow and the force of keeping in moisture according to the kind of soil was conducted to safely and continuously improve the function of biofilter hardware. The principle of biofilter by plant is that pollution sources are flowed in a filter with the air flow, then purified air is discharged owing to biological function of purifying pollution. However, biofilters by plant has lower force of keeping moisture as the air flow is higher, thus it is important to find the optimum condition for the air flow and keeping moisture. Also as a factor that has influence on the air flow and keeping moisture, the soil in biofilter can be regarded as the most important factor which decides the efficiency and stability of biofilter. As the result of this study, for the air flow in device, inflow and outflow of air were the most optimal in 3rd model, and for the composition of soil, the soil composed of vermiculite/ perlite/ peatmoss=v/v/v=0.25/0.25/0.50 was the most efficient. The point of time for re-irrigation was 24 hours in 4th model, 24 hours in 3rd-model, 18 hours in 2nd model, 18 hours in 1st-model, and 24 hours in control respectively when calculating at 60% of moisture in soil. Therefore it is considered that biofilter developed in this study can be an useful device that plant can purify indoor pollution sources with several natural filters in biofilter during the air flow because it can maintain the air flow and moisture for long time.

Variations of formaldehyde and VOC levels during 3 years in new and older homes

Park, J. S.,Ikeda, K. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 2006 Indoor Air Vol.16 No.2

<P>Abstract</P><P>Indoor air organic compounds were continuously monitored during 3 years in new and older homes which were voluntarily selected throughout countries. The levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the new homes decreased markedly after 1 year, and steady emissions of VOCs were obtained in the initial months. Formaldehyde and a-pinene related to wooden materials need a longer flushing period than the other compounds in the new homes. The levels of the indoor air organic compounds in the older homes showed no significant fluctuation during the 3-year period. Decreases of the indoor-produced compounds in the new homes did not depend upon the ventilation systems. The results indicate that the indoor-produced compounds in the new homes will be more influenced by the aging decreases of emission source strengths than ventilation systems. The quantitative information on the trend of the indoor air organic compound levels will be useful for the risk assessment of indoor exposure to those compounds, and also for Japanese IAQ guidelines.</P> <P>Practical Implications</P><P>The initial levels of VOCs in the new homes decreased dramatically and were close to the mean values for the older homes after one year. The results suggest that steady emissions of VOCs are obtained within initial months. However, formaldehyde and a-pinene did not follow the trend for VOCs, particularly in the wooden framed houses. The results tend to suggest that formaldehyde and a-pinene related to wooden materials will need more long a flushing period than other compounds in the new homes. Decreasing tendency of indoor air organic compound levels in the new homes did not appear to show any dependency upon the ventilation systems over the whole period. Absence of data for ventilation rates in the houses dose not permit interpretation of the relation between ventilation rates and indoor air organic compound levels with statistical certainty, but the results suggest that indoor air organic compound levels in the homes will be more influenced by emission source strengths than ventilation systems. The levels of indoor air organic compounds in the new homes are sufficiently decreased according to the ageing decreases of organic compounds when the home is ventilated with adequate quantities.</P>

식생기반 바이오필터의 미세먼지, 이산화탄소 개선효과와실내쾌적지수 분석

김태한,최부헌,최나현,장은숙 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회지 Vol.37 No.4

BACKGROUND: In the month of January 2018, fine dust alerts and warnings were issued 36 times for PM10 and 81 times for PM2.5. Air quality is becoming a serious issue nation-wide. Although interest in air-purifying plants is growing due to the controversy over the risk of chemical substances of regular air-purifying solutions, industrial spread of the plants has been limited due to their efficiency in air-conditioning perspective. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study aims to propose a vegetation-based bio-filter system that can assure total indoor air volume for the efficient application of air-purifying plants. In order to evaluate the quantitative performance of the system, time-series analysis was conducted on air-conditioning performance, indoor air quality, and comfort index improvement effects in a lecture room-style laboratory with 16 persons present in the room. The system provided 4.24 ACH ventilation rate and reduced indoor temperature by 1.6℃ and black bulb temperature by 1.0℃. Relative humidity increased by 24.4% and deteriorated comfort index. However, this seemed to be offset by turbulent flow created from the operation of air blowers. While PM10 was reduced by 39.5% to 22.11㎍/m 3 , CO2 increased up to 1,329ppm. It is interpreted that released CO2 could not be processed because light compensation point was not reached. As for the indoor comfort index, PMV was reduced by 83.6 % and PPD was reduced by 47.0% on average, indicating that indoor space in a comfort range could be created by operating vegetation-based bio-filters. CONCLUSION: The study confirmed that the vegetationbased bio-filter system is effective in lowering indoor temperature and PM10 and has positive effects on creating comfortable indoor space in terms of PMV and PPD.

대구지역 학교 교실의 공기정화장치 효과성 평가

허정 ( Heo Jung ),최영태 ( Choe Young Tae ),김동준 ( Kim Dong Jun ),류현수 ( Ryu Hyeon Su ),박진현 ( Park Jin Hyeon ),김은채 ( Kim Eun Chae ),조만수 ( Cho Man Su ),양원호 ( Yang Won Ho ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2019 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.17 No.1

Students spend most of their day indoors, especially in school, which makes it easy to be affected by the quality of indoor air at schools. For this reason, indoor air quality in schools is very important. Recently, schools have expanded the installation of air purifiers to help these students take care of their health. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of indoor air control according to the type of air purifier. In this study, PM10, CO2, TVOCs, TAB, HCHO, and NO2 were measured indoors and outdoors for each day of operation of air purification systems and for each of the nine schools. The study found that air purifier showed high control effect in the order of complex, floor top, ceiling, air purifier type, air conditioner type, and air-conditioner filter type. The control effect on particulate air pollutants (PM10, TAB) was higher than that of gas-phase air pollutants.

실내 공기 질에 따른 재실자의 인식성공기질 평가

우병렬 ( Byung Lyul Woo ),이현수 ( Hyun Su Lee ),안호기 ( Ho Gi Ahn ),정순원 ( Soon Won Jung ),황문영 ( Moon Young Hwang ),박충희 ( Choong Hee Park ),유승도 ( Seung Do Yu ),양원호 ( Won Ho Yang ) 한국환경과학회 2011 한국환경과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Perceived air quality (PAQ) is defined as evaluation of indoor air satisfaction and comfortable sensory by occupants. However, there are differences between criteria of indoor pollutants and lowest sensory thresholds. In this study, we compared indoor PAQ by questionnaire with measured benzene, toluene and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in home indoors. The NO2 concentration was the highest in Seoul, while benzene and toluene were the highest in Asan. Average PAQ score in winter was higher than that in summer. Significant correlations between PAQs of home indoor air pollution and measured pollutant concentrations were not shown and correlation coefficients (r) ranged between -0.453<r<0.258.Several groups have been divided to analyze what may affect PAQ scores such as gender, city, home indoor smoking, passive smoking, and self-reported respiratory symptoms. Gender, city, and self-reported respiratory symptoms by indoor air quality were associated with high PAQ scores by using of logistic regression analysis. We are confirmed that no association between concentrations of home indoor pollutant and PAQ scores. Therefore we further need to develop new indicator indoor air pollutants, measurement, and evaluation by PAQ.

식물을 이용한 실내 공기질 개선용 Biofilter system 개발에 관한 연구 -기기작동에 따른 공기유동과 수분유지력을 중심으로-

이진희,조인숙 한국인간·식물·환경학회 2008 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.11 No.4

신축공동주택에서는 BAKE OUT등의 입주 전(前) 전처리후 저 농도의 잔여 오염원의 제거를 위해서는 단시간에 고효율의 공기정화기능에 맞춰진 기계적 장치보다는 설치 및 유지, 운영비가 저렴하고 비교적 안전한 생물학적 처리법이 더 효율적이므로 생물학적 실내공기정화 기술의 개발이 시급한 실정이다. 이를 위해 본연구는 실내공기자연정화효과가 있는 식물에 의한 biofilter의 개발을 목표로 하였으며, biofilter hardware의 안전하고 지속적인 기능성 향상을 위해 토양별 공기유동과 수분유지력을 실험을 하였다. 식물에 의한 biofilter는 공기유동과 함께 오염원이 필터내로 유입되어 생물학적 오염 정화 기능으로 인해 정화된 공기가 배출되는 원리이다. 그러나 식물에 의한 biofilters는 공기유동이 높아지면 수분유지력이 낮아지는 특성이 있어 공기유동과 수분유지의 최적 조건을 찾는것이 중요하다. 또한 공기유동과 수분유지에 영향을 미치는 요인은 biofilter내 토양은 공기유동, 수분유지력은 biofilter의 성능과 안정성을 결정짓는 가장 중요한 요인이라 할수 있다. 실험결과, 기기내 공기유동은 3번째 모델에서 공기의 유입과 출입이 가장 최적이며, 토양구성은 vermiculite/ perlite/ peatmoss=v/v/v=0.25/0.25/0.50으로 구성된 토양에서 가장 효율적을 알수 있었다. 이때, 재관수시점은 토양수분의 60%를 관수시점으로 산정하였을 경우 4th-model은 24시간, 3rd-model은 24시간, 2nd-model은 18시간, 1st-model은 18시간, control은24시간으로 나타났다. 그러므로 본연구에서 개발된 biofilter는 공기유동 과 수분을 장시간 유지할수 있으므로 공기유동시 biofilter내 여러 자연 필터와 함께 식물이 실내오염원을 정화할수 있는 유용한 장치가 될 수 있다고 하겠다. It is urgent for us to develop the biological indoor air-cleaning technology because biological treatment which is cheap for the expense of installation, maintenance, and operation, and relatively safe is more efficient rather than mechanical equipment focusing on high efficiency air-cleaning function to remove remaining pollution sources in low concentration after pre-treatment before moving in BAKE OUT in newly building an apartment house. The purpose of this study was to develop biofilter made by plant having the effect of naturally purifying indoor air, and an experiment for a air flow and the force of keeping in moisture according to the kind of soil was conducted to safely and continuously improve the function of biofilter hardware. The principle of biofilter by plant is that pollution sources are flowed in a filter with the air flow, then purified air is discharged owing to biological function of purifying pollution. However, biofilters by plant has lower force of keeping moisture as the air flow is higher, thus it is important to find the optimum condition for the air flow and keeping moisture. Also as a factor that has influence on the air flow and keeping moisture, the soil in biofilter can be regarded as the most important factor which decides the efficiency and stability of biofilter. As the result of this study, for the air flow in device, inflow and outflow of air were the most optimal in 3rd model, and for the composition of soil, the soil composed of vermiculite/ perlite/ peatmoss=v/v/v=0.25/0.25/0.50 was the most efficient. The point of time for re-irrigation was 24 hours in 4th model, 24 hours in 3rd-model, 18 hours in 2nd model, 18 hours in 1st-model, and 24 hours in control respectively when calculating at 60% of moisture in soil. Therefore it is considered that biofilter developed in this study can be an useful device that plant can purify indoor pollution sources with several natural filters in biofilter during the air flow because it can maintain the air flow and moisture for long time.

지역적 특성에 따른 학교 교실의 미세먼지 농도 비교

최영태 ( Youngtae Choe ),박진현 ( Jinhyeon Park ),김은채 ( Eunchae Kim ),김동준 ( Dongjun Kim ),민기홍 ( Kihong Min ),조만수 ( Mansu Cho ),양원호 ( Wonho Yang ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2020 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.18 No.1

As health problems caused by air pollutants and problems caused by air pollutants such as COVID-19 are caused, interest in air quality is growing. Modern people spend more than 80% of their day indoors, so most of them are exposed to air pollutants indoors. Also, contaminated air of indoor air may be generated indoors or introduced outdoors. If contaminated air is not properly ventilated or discharged indoors, contamination accumulates as it circulates inside, which can cause more problems than outdoor air pollution. In particular, indoor air quality is more important when spending a long time in a space such as a house, office, or school classroom. Unlike adults, children and adolescents have a higher respiratory rate per unit weight and a higher risk of exposure to pollutants heavier than air due to their relatively low height. Also, because students spend most of their day in the classroom, the quality of the school classroom air can have a greater impact on students’ health. The indoor air quality of school classrooms can change the PM10 concentration due to external influences. Therefore, the environment and characteristics of the school must be considered.

실내외 공기 중에서 진균 포자의 분포

김규언 대한의진균학회 2001 대한의진균학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The number of fungus spores in the air is greater compared to that of pollen and also is less influenced by season. Recently there is increasing interest in the role of fungus as an allergen and causative factor of sick building syndrome. There are several kinds of samplers for the collection of fungus spore in outdoor and/or indoor air such as Durham sampler, rotorod sampler, personal volumetric air sampler, seven-day recording volumetric spore trap, and portable air sampler for agar plates. Because personal volumetric air sampler is small, rechargeable and volumetric equipment it is suitable for air sampling indoors. Portable air sampler for agar plates is useful for fungus culture from indoor and outdoor air. According to the result of our study on distribution of fungus spores in indoor and outdoor air by using personal volumetic air sampler, Cladosporium and Leptosphaeria were common spores in indoor and outdoor air. The number of spores in indoor air was closely correlated with that in outdoor air. Therefore it would be necessary to establish a standard method for collecting the fungus spores. We need to perform the nationwide study on distribution of fungus spores using this method, and to evaluate the allergenicity of fungus spores. [Kor J Med Mycol 6(1): 9-16]

보육시설의 실내공기질에 관한 현장측정 및 설문조사 연구

박정하,박진철,이언구 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol. No.

Child care center, one of the public facilities, has recently been increased. In particular, infants and children who use this place are frequently exposed in danger because of their biological characteristics. Thus, survey of the child care center's indoor air are conducted in this study. As a result of the child care center's indoor air quality measurement, formaldehyde(HCHO), TBC, CO and fine dust are measured within pollution standard except fine dust which exceeds one. Nevertheless, CO2 of 6 places exceed pollution standard. It is because of numerous people in narrow place and lack of ventilation. Therefore, proper administration will be required in the future. Moreover, the survey about the consciousness and administration of indoor air quality targeting 161teachers who worked in child care centers. As a result, 64.22% teachers are satisfied with the child care center's indoor air quality. By the way, 75.78% are interested in reality of the child care center's indoor air. However, awareness of the pollutant is large difference in indoor air pollutant. And they think the most urgent pollution is other pollutions rather than indoor air pollution. Thus, seriousness and awareness of the indoor air pollution are relatively dealt lower than others. It means that there is potential danger in indoor air quality of child care center. In conclusion, indoor air quality education should be held actively which only 19.88% teacher are educated now.